ContentProvider跨进程简单使用，及问题点备注

Manifest:exported 属性表示是否允许外部程序访问我们的ContentProvider

                enabled 属性表示是否启用这个ContentProvider

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.databasetest">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.Kotlin">
        <provider
            android:name=".DatabaseProvider"
            android:authorities="com.example.databasetest.provider"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true" />

        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

实现跨进程数据共享

package com.example.databasetest

import android.content.ContentProvider
import android.content.ContentValues
import android.content.UriMatcher
import android.net.Uri

class DatabaseProvider : ContentProvider() {
    private val bookDir = 0
    private val bookItem = 1
    private val categoryDir = 2
    private val categoryItem = 3
    private val authority = "com.example.databasetest.provider"
    private var dbHelper: MyDatabaseHelper? = null

    /**
     * 然后在一个by lazy代码块里面对UriMatcher进行了初始化操作，将期望匹配的几种URI格式添加进去
     * by lazy代码快是kotlin提供的一种懒加载技术
     */
    private val uriMatcher by lazy {
        val matcher = UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH)
        matcher.addURI(authority, "book", bookDir)
        matcher.addURI(authority, "book/#", bookItem)
        matcher.addURI(authority, "category", categoryDir)
        matcher.addURI(authority, "category/#", categoryItem)
        matcher
    }

    override fun onCreate() = context?.let {
        dbHelper = MyDatabaseHelper(it, "BookStore.db", 2)
        true
    } ?: false

    override fun query(
        uri: Uri,
        projection: Array<String>?,
        selection: String?,
        selectionArgs: Array<String>?,
        sortOrder: String?
    ) = dbHelper?.let {
        // 查询数据
        val db = it.readableDatabase
        val cursor = when (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
            bookDir -> db.query("Book", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder)
            bookItem -> {
                val bookId = uri.pathSegments[1]
                db.query("Book", projection, "id = ?", arrayOf(bookId), null, null, sortOrder)
            }
            categoryDir -> db.query("Category", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder)
            categoryItem -> {
                val categoryId = uri.pathSegments[1]
                db.query("Category", projection, "id = ?", arrayOf(categoryId), null, null, sortOrder)
            }
            else -> null
        }
        cursor
    }

    override fun insert(uri: Uri, values: ContentValues?) = dbHelper?.let {
        // 添加数据
        val db = it.writableDatabase
        val uriReturn = when (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
            bookDir, bookItem -> {
                val newBookId = db.insert("Book", null, values)
                Uri.parse("content://$authority/book/$newBookId")
            }
            categoryDir, categoryItem -> {
                val newCategoryId = db.insert("Category", null, values)
                Uri.parse("content://$authority/category/$newCategoryId")
            }
            else -> null
        }
        uriReturn
    }

    override fun update(uri: Uri, values: ContentValues?, selection: String?, selectionArgs: Array<String>?) =
        dbHelper?.let {
            // 更新数据
            val db = it.writableDatabase
            val updatedRows = when (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
                bookDir -> db.update("Book", values, selection, selectionArgs)
                bookItem -> {
                    val bookId = uri.pathSegments[1]
                    db.update("Book", values, "id = ?", arrayOf(bookId))
                }
                categoryDir -> db.update("Category", values, selection, selectionArgs)
                categoryItem -> {
                    val categoryId = uri.pathSegments[1]
                    db.update("Category", values, "id = ?", arrayOf(categoryId))
                }
                else -> 0
            }
            updatedRows
        } ?: 0

    override fun delete(uri: Uri, selection: String?, selectionArgs: Array<String>?) = dbHelper?.let {
        // 删除数据
        val db = it.writableDatabase
        val deletedRows = when (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
            bookDir -> db.delete("Book", selection, selectionArgs)
            bookItem -> {
                val bookId = uri.pathSegments[1]
                db.delete("Book", "id = ?", arrayOf(bookId))
            }
            categoryDir -> db.delete("Category", selection, selectionArgs)
            categoryItem -> {
                val categoryId = uri.pathSegments[1]
                db.delete("Category", "id = ?", arrayOf(categoryId))
            }
            else -> 0
        }
        deletedRows
    } ?: 0

    override fun getType(uri: Uri) = when (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
        bookDir -> "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.example.databasetest.provider.book"
        bookItem -> "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.com.example.databasetest.provider.book"
        categoryDir -> "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.example.databasetest.provider.category"
        categoryItem -> "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.com.example.databasetest.provider.category"
        else -> null
    }
}

跨应用获取数据，插入数据

package com.example.providertest

import android.annotation.SuppressLint
import android.net.Uri
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import android.os.Bundle
import android.util.Log
import androidx.core.content.contentValuesOf
import com.example.providertest.databinding.ActivityMainBinding
import kotlinx.android.synthetic.main.activity_main.*

/**
 * ContentProvider implementation
 */
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    var bookId: String? = null
    val TAG = "MainActivity"

    private lateinit var binding: ActivityMainBinding
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        binding = ActivityMainBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
        initListener()
    }

    @SuppressLint("Range")
    private fun initListener() {
        addData.setOnClickListener {
            //添加数据
            val uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.databasetest.provider/book")
            val values = contentValuesOf(
                "name" to "A Clash of Kings",
                "author" to "George Martin",
                "pages" to "1040",
                "price" to "22.85"
            )
            val newUri = contentResolver.insert(uri, values)
            bookId = newUri?.pathSegments?.get(1)
        }

        //查询数据
        queryData.setOnClickListener {
            val uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.databasetest.provider/book")
            contentResolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null)?.apply {
                while (moveToNext()) {
                    val name = getString(getColumnIndex("name"))
                    val author = getString(getColumnIndex("author"))
                    val pages = getInt(getColumnIndex("pages"))
                    val price = getDouble(getColumnIndex("price"))
                    Log.d(TAG, "book name is $name")
                    Log.d(TAG, "book author is $author")
                    Log.d(TAG, "book pages is $pages")
                    Log.d(TAG, "book price is $price")
                }
                close()
            }
        }

        //更新数据
        updateData.setOnClickListener {
            bookId?.let {
                val uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.databasetest.provider/book/$it")
                val values = contentValuesOf(
                    "name" to "A Storm of Swords",
                    "page" to 1216,
                    "price" to 24.05
                )
                contentResolver.update(uri, values, null, null)
            }
        }

        //删除数据
        deleteData.setOnClickListener {
            bookId?.let {
                val uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.databasetest.provider/book/$it")
                contentResolver.delete(uri, null, null)
            }
        }
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/addData"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Add to Book" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/queryData"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Query from Book" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/updateData"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Update Book" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/deleteData"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Delete from Book" />

</LinearLayout>

Model的build.gradle

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android'
    id 'kotlin-android'
    id 'kotlin-android-extensions'
}

android {
    compileSdk 32

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.providertest"
        minSdk 27
        targetSdk 29
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
    }
    android {
        buildFeatures {
            viewBinding = true
        }
    }
}

dependencies {

    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.7.0'
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.3.0'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.4.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.0.4'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.3'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.4.0'
}

这里需注意targrtSdk版本，如报错：

2022-11-25 18:35:43.614 12290-12290/com.example.providertest E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    Process: com.example.providertest, PID: 12290
    java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unknown URL content://com.example.databasetest.provider/book
        at android.content.ContentResolver.insert(ContentResolver.java:2145)
        at android.content.ContentResolver.insert(ContentResolver.java:2111)
        at com.example.providertest.MainActivity.initListener$lambda-0(MainActivity.kt:38)
        at com.example.providertest.MainActivity.$r8$lambda$pd3x81r0oRUZrdUxnHoVXYr_dTo(Unknown Source:0)
        at com.example.providertest.MainActivity$$ExternalSyntheticLambda3.onClick(Unknown Source:2)
        at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:7448)
        at com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton.performClick(MaterialButton.java:1119)
        at android.view.View.performClickInternal(View.java:7425)
        at android.view.View.access$3600(View.java:810)
        at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:28305)
        at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:938)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:223)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7656)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:592)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:947)

修改targrtSdk版本，我这里模拟器是需要低于30的版本。