一、查看 i2c 源代码,并自注释
#ifndef _24CXX_H_ #define _24CXX_H_ #include <linux/i2c-dev.h> #include <linux/i2c.h> #define EEPROM_TYPE_UNKNOWN 0 #define EEPROM_TYPE_8BIT_ADDR 1 #define EEPROM_TYPE_16BIT_ADDR 2 struct eeprom { char *dev; // device file i.e. /dev/i2c-N int addr; // i2c address int fd; // file descriptor int type; // eeprom type }; /* * opens the eeprom device at [dev_fqn] (i.e. /dev/i2c-N) whose address is * [addr] and set the eeprom_24c32 [e] */ int eeprom_open(char *dev_fqn, int addr, int type, struct eeprom*); /* * closees the eeprom device [e] */ int eeprom_close(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct); /* * read and returns the eeprom byte at memory address [mem_addr] * Note: eeprom must have been selected by ioctl(fd,I2C_SLAVE,address) */ int eeprom_read_byte(struct eeprom* eeprom_device_struct, __u16 mem_addr); /* * read the current byte * Note: eeprom must have been selected by ioctl(fd,I2C_SLAVE,address) */ int eeprom_read_current_byte(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct); /* * writes [data] at memory address [mem_addr] * Note: eeprom must have been selected by ioctl(fd,I2C_SLAVE,address) */ int eeprom_write_byte(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct, __u16 mem_addr, __u8 data); #endif
• 24cXX.c
#include <stdio.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/ioctl.h> #include <errno.h> #include <assert.h> #include <string.h> #include "24cXX.h" static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_access(int file, char read_write, __u8 command, int size, union i2c_smbus_data *data) { struct i2c_smbus_ioctl_data args; args.read_write = read_write; args.command = command; args.size = size; args.data = data; return ioctl(file,I2C_SMBUS,&args); } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_quick(int file, __u8 value) { return i2c_smbus_access(file,value,0,I2C_SMBUS_QUICK,NULL); } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte(int file) { union i2c_smbus_data data; if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_READ,0,I2C_SMBUS_BYTE,&data)) return -1; else return 0x0FF & data.byte; } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte(int file, __u8 value) { return i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,value, I2C_SMBUS_BYTE,NULL); } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(int file, __u8 command) { union i2c_smbus_data data; if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_READ,command, I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA,&data)) return -1; else return 0x0FF & data.byte; } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(int file, __u8 command, __u8 value) { union i2c_smbus_data data; data.byte = value; return i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,command, I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA, &data); } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_word_data(int file, __u8 command) { union i2c_smbus_data data; if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_READ,command, I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA,&data)) return -1; else return 0x0FFFF & data.word; } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_word_data(int file, __u8 command, __u16 value) { union i2c_smbus_data data; data.word = value; return i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,command, I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA, &data); } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_process_call(int file, __u8 command, __u16 value) { union i2c_smbus_data data; data.word = value; if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,command, I2C_SMBUS_PROC_CALL,&data)) return -1; else return 0x0FFFF & data.word; } /* Returns the number of read bytes */ static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_block_data(int file, __u8 command, __u8 *values) { union i2c_smbus_data data; int i; if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_READ,command, I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA,&data)) return -1; else { for (i = 1; i <= data.block[0]; i++) values[i-1] = data.block[i]; return data.block[0]; } } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_block_data(int file, __u8 command, __u8 length, __u8 *values) { union i2c_smbus_data data; int order; if (length > 32) length = 32; for (order = 1; order <= length; order++) data.block[order] = values[order-1]; data.block[0] = length; return i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,command, I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA, &data); } /* Returns the number of read bytes */ static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_i2c_block_data(int file, __u8 command, __u8 *values) { union i2c_smbus_data data; int order; if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_READ,command, I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA,&data)) return -1; else { for (order = 1; order <= data.block[0]; order++) values[order-1] = data.block[order]; return data.block[0]; } } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_i2c_block_data(int file, __u8 command, __u8 length, __u8 *values) { union i2c_smbus_data data; int order; if (length > 32) length = 32; for (order = 1; order <= length; order++) data.block[order] = values[order-1]; data.block[0] = length; return i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,command, I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA, &data); } /* Returns the number of read bytes */ static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_block_process_call(int file, __u8 command, __u8 length, __u8 *values) { union i2c_smbus_data data; int order; if (length > 32) length = 32; for (order = 1; order <= length; order++) data.block[order] = values[order-1]; data.block[0] = length; if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,command, I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_PROC_CALL,&data)) return -1; else { for (order = 1; order <= data.block[0]; order++) values[order-1] = data.block[order]; return data.block[0]; } } static int i2c_write_1b(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct, __u8 buf) { int return_value; // we must simulate a plain I2C byte write with SMBus functions return_value = i2c_smbus_write_byte(eeprom_device_struct->fd, buf); if(return_value < 0) fprintf(stderr, "Error i2c_write_1b: %s\n", strerror(errno)); usleep(10); return return_value; } static int i2c_write_2b(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct, __u8 buf[2]) { int return_value; // we must simulate a plain I2C byte write with SMBus functions return_value = i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(eeprom_device_struct->fd, buf[0], buf[1]); if(return_value < 0) fprintf(stderr, "Error i2c_write_2b: %s\n", strerror(errno)); usleep(10); return return_value; } static int i2c_write_3b(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct, __u8 buf[3]) { int return_value; // we must simulate a plain I2C byte write with SMBus functions // the __u16 data field will be byte swapped by the SMBus protocol return_value = i2c_smbus_write_word_data(eeprom_device_struct->fd, buf[0], buf[2] << 8 | buf[1]); if(return_value < 0) fprintf(stderr, "Error i2c_write_3b: %s\n", strerror(errno)); usleep(10); return return_value; } #define CHECK_I2C_FUNC( var, label ) \ do { if(0 == (var & label)) { \ fprintf(stderr, "\nError: " \ #label " function is required. Program halted.\n\n"); \ exit(1); } \ } while(0); int eeprom_open(char *dev_fqn, int addr, int type, struct eeprom* eeprom_device_struct) { int funcs, fd, return_value; eeprom_device_struct->fd = eeprom_device_struct->addr = 0; eeprom_device_struct->dev = 0; fd = open(dev_fqn, O_RDWR); if(fd <= 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error eeprom_open: %s\n", strerror(errno)); return -1; } // get funcs list if((return_value = ioctl(fd, I2C_FUNCS, &funcs) < 0)) { fprintf(stderr, "Error eeprom_open: %s\n", strerror(errno)); return -1; } // check for req funcs CHECK_I2C_FUNC( funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE ); CHECK_I2C_FUNC( funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE ); CHECK_I2C_FUNC( funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE_DATA ); CHECK_I2C_FUNC( funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE_DATA ); CHECK_I2C_FUNC( funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_WORD_DATA ); CHECK_I2C_FUNC( funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_WORD_DATA ); // set working device if( ( return_value = ioctl(fd, I2C_SLAVE, addr)) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error eeprom_open: %s\n", strerror(errno)); return -1; } eeprom_device_struct->fd = fd; eeprom_device_struct->addr = addr; eeprom_device_struct->dev = dev_fqn; eeprom_device_struct->type = type; return 0; } int eeprom_close(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct) { close(eeprom_device_struct->fd); eeprom_device_struct->fd = -1; eeprom_device_struct->dev = 0; eeprom_device_struct->type = EEPROM_TYPE_UNKNOWN; return 0; } #if 0 int eeprom_24c32_write_byte(struct eeprom *e, __u16 mem_addr, __u8 data) { __u8 buf[3] = { (mem_addr >> 8) & 0x00ff, mem_addr & 0x00ff, data }; return i2c_write_3b(e, buf); } int eeprom_24c32_read_current_byte(struct eeprom* e) { ioctl(e->fd, BLKFLSBUF); // clear kernel read buffer return i2c_smbus_read_byte(e->fd); } int eeprom_24c32_read_byte(struct eeprom* e, __u16 mem_addr) { int r; ioctl(e->fd, BLKFLSBUF); // clear kernel read buffer __u8 buf[2] = { (mem_addr >> 8) & 0x0ff, mem_addr & 0x0ff }; r = i2c_write_2b(e, buf); if (r < 0) return r; r = i2c_smbus_read_byte(e->fd); return r; } #endif int eeprom_read_current_byte(struct eeprom* eeprom_device_struct) { ioctl(eeprom_device_struct->fd, BLKFLSBUF); // clear kernel read buffer return i2c_smbus_read_byte(eeprom_device_struct->fd); } int eeprom_read_byte(struct eeprom* eeprom_device_struct, __u16 mem_addr) { int return_value; ioctl(eeprom_device_struct->fd, BLKFLSBUF); // clear kernel read buffer if(eeprom_device_struct->type == EEPROM_TYPE_8BIT_ADDR) { __u8 buf = mem_addr & 0x0ff; return_value = i2c_write_1b(eeprom_device_struct, buf); } else if(eeprom_device_struct->type == EEPROM_TYPE_16BIT_ADDR) { __u8 buf[2] = { (mem_addr >> 8) & 0x0ff, mem_addr & 0x0ff }; return_value = i2c_write_2b(eeprom_device_struct, buf); } else { fprintf(stderr, "ERR: unknown eeprom type\n"); return -1; } if (return_value < 0) return return_value; return_value = i2c_smbus_read_byte(eeprom_device_struct->fd); return return_value; } int eeprom_write_byte(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct, __u16 mem_addr, __u8 data) { if(eeprom_device_struct->type == EEPROM_TYPE_8BIT_ADDR) { __u8 buf[2] = { mem_addr & 0x00ff, data }; return i2c_write_2b(eeprom_device_struct, buf); } else if(eeprom_device_struct->type == EEPROM_TYPE_16BIT_ADDR) { __u8 buf[3] = { (mem_addr >> 8) & 0x00ff, mem_addr & 0x00ff, data }; return i2c_write_3b(eeprom_device_struct, buf); } fprintf(stderr, "ERR: unknown eeprom type\n");
eeprog.c
#include <stdio.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <getopt.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <errno.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include "24cXX.h" #define DEVICE_FILE_STRING "/dev/i2c-0" #define DEVICE_ADDRESS 0x50 #define usage_if(a) do { do_usage_if( a , __LINE__); } while(0); void do_usage_if(int b, int line) { const static char *eeprog_usage = "I2C-24C08(256 bytes) Read/Write Program, ONLY FOR TEST!\n" "FriendlyARM Computer Tech. 2009\n"; if(!b) return; fprintf(stderr, "%s\n[line %d]\n", eeprog_usage, line); exit(1); } #define die_if(a, msg) do { do_die_if( a , msg, __LINE__); } while(0); void do_die_if(int b, char* msg, int line) { if(!b) return; fprintf(stderr, "Error at line %d: %s\n", line, msg); fprintf(stderr, " sysmsg: %s\n", strerror(errno)); exit(1); } static int read_from_eeprom(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct, int addr, int size) { int ch, index; for(index = 0; index < size; ++index, ++addr) { die_if((ch = eeprom_read_byte(eeprom_device_struct, addr)) < 0, "read error"); if( (index % 16) == 0 ) printf("\n %.4x| ", addr); else if( (index % 8) == 0 ) printf(" "); printf("%.2x ", ch); fflush(stdout); } fprintf(stderr, "\n\n"); return 0; } static int write_to_eeprom(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct, int addr) { int index; for(index=0, addr=0; index<256; index++, addr++) { if( (index % 16) == 0 ) printf("\n %.4x| ", addr); else if( (index % 8) == 0 ) printf(" "); printf("%.2x ", index); fflush(stdout); die_if(eeprom_write_byte(eeprom_device_struct, addr, index), "write error"); } fprintf(stderr, "\n\n"); return 0; } int main(int argc, char** argv) { struct eeprom eeprom_device_struct; int op; op = 0; usage_if(argc != 2 || argv[1][0] != '-' || argv[1][2] != '\0'); op = argv[1][1]; //TODO: 将数字改为自己的学号。 write(STDOUT_FILENO, "APP for 201930310056 ...\n", strlen("APP for 201930310056 ...\n")); fprintf(stderr, "Open %s with 8bit mode\n", DEVICE_FILE_STRING); die_if(eeprom_open(DEVICE_FILE_STRING, DEVICE_ADDRESS, EEPROM_TYPE_8BIT_ADDR, &eeprom_device_struct) < 0, "unable to open eeprom device file " "(check that the file exists and that it's readable)"); switch(op) { case 'r': fprintf(stderr, " Reading 256 bytes from 0x0\n"); read_from_eeprom(&eeprom_device_struct, 0, 256); break; case 'w': fprintf(stderr, " Writing 0x00-0xff into 24C08 \n"); write_to_eeprom(&eeprom_device_struct, 0); break; default: usage_if(1); exit(1); } eeprom_close(&eeprom_device_struct); return 0; }
思考题
思考题
1. I2C总线的优点是什么?
• 硬件上,I2C总线只需要一根数据线和一根时钟线,总线接口已经集成在芯片内部,不需要特殊的接口电路。
• 多主机总线,任何器件既可以作为主机也可以作为从机,但同一时刻只允许有一个主机。
• I2C总线可以通过外部连线进行在线检测,便于系统故障诊断和调试
• I2C总线具有极低的电流消耗,抗噪声干扰能力强,可兼容不同电压等级的器件,工作温度范围宽。
• 连接到相同总线上的 IC 数量只受总线最大电容的限制。
2. I2C总线的启动信号和结束信号有什么特点。
• 启动:SCL信号处于高电平期间,SDA信号出现一个由高电平向低电平的跳变。
• 结束:SCL信号处于高电平期间,SDA信号出现一个由低电平向高电平的跳变。跟开始标识正好相反。