debian12极简快速安装k8s

宋26

于 2024-03-08 11:58:13 发布

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文章标签： kubernetes 容器云原生 docker debian

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_50580906/article/details/136557553

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一.前期安装准备

操作系统：debian12

Kubernetes : v1.29.2

docker：25.0.3

containerd：1.6.20

runc : 1.1.5

准备工作

1、Master主机：2核以上CPU、4G以上内存、20G硬盘 2、Node主机：2核以上CPU

3、节点之中不可以有重复的主机名、MAC 地址或 product_uuid

4、为了保证 kubelet 正常工作，必须禁用交换分区

二、前期安装配置

前期配置

配置各主节点的主机名称

hostnamectl set-hostname k8smaster && hostname

hostnamectl set-hostname k8snode1 && hostname

配置各节点的Host文件，为了初始化集群节点间的通信

nano /etc/hosts

ip k8smaster
ip k8snode1

永久禁用各节点的交换分区，为了提高各节点的性能

swapoff -a && sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

同步各节点的时区

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

安装ipset及ipvsadm

apt update
apt install ipset ipvsadm

#配置ipvsadm模块加载
cat << EOF |tee /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf
ip_vs
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
ip_conntrack
EOF

cat << EOF |tee ipvs.sh
#!/bin/sh
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- ip_conntrack
EOF

#执行sh
sh ipvs.sh

各节点安装容器运行时以及配置

docker安装（docker官网地址）

#先卸载非官方的docker
for pkg in docker.io docker-doc docker-compose podman-docker containerd runc; do  apt-get remove $pkg; done

apt-get update
apt-get install ca-certificates curl
install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian \
  $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
  tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
  
apt-get update
#这是安装最新版本
apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
#查看是否启动
service docker status
service docker start #启动
#设置开机自启
systemctl enable docker && systemctl restart docker && systemctl status docker
docker info #基本信息

编辑containerd 配置文件

nano /etc/containerd/conf.toml

(把文件内容替换成如下内容) 然后保存

disabled_plugins = []
imports = []
oom_score = 0
plugin_dir = ""
required_plugins = []
root = "/var/lib/containerd"
state = "/run/containerd"
temp = ""
version = 2
 
[cgroup]
  path = ""
 
[debug]
  address = ""
  format = ""
  gid = 0
  level = ""
  uid = 0
 
[grpc]
  address = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
  gid = 0
  max_recv_message_size = 16777216
  max_send_message_size = 16777216
  tcp_address = ""
  tcp_tls_ca = ""
  tcp_tls_cert = ""
  tcp_tls_key = ""
  uid = 0
 
[metrics]
  address = ""
  grpc_histogram = false
 
[plugins]
 
  [plugins."io.containerd.gc.v1.scheduler"]
    deletion_threshold = 0
    mutation_threshold = 100
    pause_threshold = 0.02
    schedule_delay = "0s"
    startup_delay = "100ms"
 
  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
    device_ownership_from_security_context = false
    disable_apparmor = false
    disable_cgroup = false
    disable_hugetlb_controller = true
    disable_proc_mount = false
    disable_tcp_service = true
    enable_selinux = false
    enable_tls_streaming = false
    enable_unprivileged_icmp = false
    enable_unprivileged_ports = false
    ignore_image_defined_volumes = false
    max_concurrent_downloads = 3
    max_container_log_line_size = 16384
    netns_mounts_under_state_dir = false
    restrict_oom_score_adj = false
    sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9"
    selinux_category_range = 1024
    stats_collect_period = 10
    stream_idle_timeout = "4h0m0s"
    stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"
    stream_server_port = "0"
    systemd_cgroup = false
    tolerate_missing_hugetlb_controller = true
    unset_seccomp_profile = ""
 
    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".cni]
      bin_dir = "/opt/cni/bin"
      conf_dir = "/etc/cni/net.d"
      conf_template = ""
      ip_pref = ""
      max_conf_num = 1
 
    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
      default_runtime_name = "runc"
      disable_snapshot_annotations = true
      discard_unpacked_layers = false
      ignore_rdt_not_enabled_errors = false
      no_pivot = false
      snapshotter = "overlayfs"
 
      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime]
        base_runtime_spec = ""
        cni_conf_dir = ""
        cni_max_conf_num = 0
        container_annotations = []
        pod_annotations = []
        privileged_without_host_devices = false
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_path = ""
        runtime_root = ""
        runtime_type = ""
 
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime.options]
 
      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]
 
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
          base_runtime_spec = ""
          cni_conf_dir = ""
          cni_max_conf_num = 0
          container_annotations = []
          pod_annotations = []
          privileged_without_host_devices = false
          runtime_engine = ""
          runtime_path = ""
          runtime_root = ""
          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
 
          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
            BinaryName = ""
            CriuImagePath = ""
            CriuPath = ""
            CriuWorkPath = ""
            IoGid = 0
            IoUid = 0
            NoNewKeyring = false
            NoPivotRoot = false
            Root = ""
            ShimCgroup = ""
            SystemdCgroup = true
 
      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]
        base_runtime_spec = ""
        cni_conf_dir = ""
        cni_max_conf_num = 0
        container_annotations = []
        pod_annotations = []
        privileged_without_host_devices = false
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_path = ""
        runtime_root = ""
        runtime_type = ""
 
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime.options]
 
    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".image_decryption]
      key_model = "node"
 
    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]
      config_path = ""
 
      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.auths]
 
      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs]
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs."k8smaster:5000".tls]
          insecure_skip_verify = true
 
      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.headers]
 
      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."k8smaster:5000"]
          endpoint = ["http://k8smaster:5000"]
 
    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".x509_key_pair_streaming]
      tls_cert_file = ""
      tls_key_file = ""
 
  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.opt"]
    path = "/opt/containerd"
 
  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.restart"]
    interval = "10s"
 
  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.tracing"]
    sampling_ratio = 1.0
    service_name = "containerd"
 
  [plugins."io.containerd.metadata.v1.bolt"]
    content_sharing_policy = "shared"
 
  [plugins."io.containerd.monitor.v1.cgroups"]
    no_prometheus = false
 
  [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"]
    no_shim = false
    runtime = "runc"
    runtime_root = ""
    shim = "containerd-shim"
    shim_debug = false
 
  [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v2.task"]
    platforms = ["linux/amd64"]
    sched_core = false
 
  [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.diff-service"]
    default = ["walking"]
 
  [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.tasks-service"]
    rdt_config_file = ""
 
  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.aufs"]
    root_path = ""
 
  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.btrfs"]
    root_path = ""
 
  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.devmapper"]
    async_remove = false
    base_image_size = ""
    discard_blocks = false
    fs_options = ""
    fs_type = ""
    pool_name = ""
    root_path = ""
 
  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.native"]
    root_path = ""
 
  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs"]
    root_path = ""
    upperdir_label = false
 
  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.zfs"]
    root_path = ""
 
  [plugins."io.containerd.tracing.processor.v1.otlp"]
    endpoint = ""
    insecure = false
    protocol = ""
 
[proxy_plugins]
 
[stream_processors]
 
  [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar"]
    accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+encrypted"]
    args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
    env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
    path = "ctd-decoder"
    returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar"
 
  [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar.gzip"]
    accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip+encrypted"]
    args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
    env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
    path = "ctd-decoder"
    returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip"
 
[timeouts]
  "io.containerd.timeout.bolt.open" = "0s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.cleanup" = "5s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.load" = "5s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.shutdown" = "3s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.task.state" = "2s"
 
[ttrpc]
  address = ""
  gid = 0
  uid = 0

设置containerd的开机自启

#设置开机自启
systemctl enable containerd

#重启containerd
systemctl restart containerd 
systemctl status containerd

三、安装kubelet、kubeadm 和 kubectl

k8s官网安装地址

apt-get update
 添加 Kubernetes 官方 GPG 密钥并添加稳定版仓库源
apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gpg

curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.29/deb/Release.key | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg
添加 Kubernetes apt 仓库
echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.29/deb/ /' | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

更新包
apt update
安装 kubelet、kubeadm 和 kubectl
apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl #锁定版本,标记软件包不被自动更新

systemctl enable kubelet   #添加 kubelet 开机自启
systemctl restart kubelet && systemctl status kubelet # 重启并查看状态

四、初始化 Master节点

版本必须和上边安装的kubelet,kubead,kubectl保持一致

查询k8s各组件的版本号

# 查询k8s各组件的版本号
kubeadm config images list 
----------------------------
registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.29.2
registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.29.2
registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler:v1.29.2
registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy:v1.29.2
registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns:v1.11.1
registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9
registry.k8s.io/etcd:3.5.10-0
#输出类似这种

k8s中nodePort是用来暴露服务到集群外部的节点（即宿主机）上的特定端口，这个端口范围默认是30000至32767，如果需要指定范围外的端口（这块看自己需求设置，一般使用默认的）

初始化时加入一个参数值

kubeadm init --service-node-port-range=<your-desired-range>

初始化主节点

kubeadm init \
  --kubernetes-version=1.29.2 \  指定版本
  --apiserver-advertise-address=0.0.0.0 \  #为通告给其它组件的IP，一般应为master节点的IP地址
  --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
  --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers  #指定镜像源

拉取完后

配置环境变量

执行初始化成功后输出的那三条命令，然后配置环境变量

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

#查看Token
kubeadm token list

五、配置calico网络插件

calico官方部署地址

kubectl create -f https://raw.gitmirror.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.2/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml

apt update
apt install wget

wget https://raw.gitmirror.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.2/manifests/custom-resources.yaml
#更改配置文件
nano custom-resources.yaml
#把里边cidr：ip 更换
cidr: 10.244.0.0/16
#再创建文件
kubectl create -f custom-resources.yaml
#查看pod容器
kubectl get pod -A

测试外部是否能请求地址（这里简单部署一个nginx）

kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
 
 kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
 #查看端口
 kubectl get svc -A

外部请求 http://ip:端口

表示网络插件部署完成

查看节点信息

kubectl get node

六、配置node节点

编辑 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件

#在文件末尾添加或修改以下行
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
#应用新的内核参数配置
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf

Node节点执行

（这个根据自己初始化时候输出token去加入）

kubeadm join 172.16.124.192:6443 --token iccha2.zkkh61v9qpbhyh3y 
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:bfb1ba73a182d289b12e81bbc1dd315f34f0b1f599c5e242872bffce4566d5b6

配置kube.conf

mkdir ~/.kube
cp /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf  ~/.kube/config

主节点查看 node

至此配置完成

七、可能出现的污点

在部署nginx的时候可能拉不下来

查看是否有污点

kubectl describe nodes 自己节点名 |grep Taints

#删除污点
kubectl taint node 节点名 污点名-

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debian12极简快速安装k8s

操作系统：debian121、Master主机：2核以上CPU、4G以上内存、20G硬盘 2、Node主机：2核以上CPU3、节点之中不可以有重复的主机名、MAC 地址或 product_uuid4、为了保证 kubelet 正常工作，必须禁用交换分区。
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