一、安装Centos8.2:
VMWare安装centos8.2
个人习惯配置
二、修改镜像源:
备份镜像源配置文件:
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@STEM-Centos yum.repos.d]# cp CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak
[root@STEM-Centos yum.repos.d]# cp CentOS-AppStream.repo CentOS-AppStream.repo.bak
[root@STEM-Centos yum.repos.d]# cp CentOS-Extras.repo CentOS-Extras.repo.bak
修改镜像源配置文件:
[root@STEM-Centos yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-AppStream.repo CentOS-Extras.repo
[root@STEM-Centos yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|#baseurl=|baseurl=|g' CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-AppStream.repo CentOS-Extras.repo
[root@STEM-Centos yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|http://mirror.centos.org|https://mirrors.aliyun.com|g' CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-AppStream.repo CentOS-Extras.repo
设置http代理:
[root@STEM-Centos yum.repos.d]# export http_proxy=10.10.20.58:3128
[root@STEM-Centos yum.repos.d]# export https_proxy=10.10.20.58:3128
三、Centos升级:
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# dnf -y update
Last metadata expiration check: 14:46:55 ago on Thu 17 Sep 2020 05:58:00 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
四、创建LVM分区:
查看磁盘:
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sdc: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x998d4abe
......
#发现新挂载磁盘 sdb和sdc
#/dev/sdb: 50 GiB
#/dev/sdc: 50 GiB
创建lvm格式磁盘(sdb):
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x20465fca.
#新建分区
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
#选择新建主分区
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-104857599, default 104857599):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 50 GiB.
#修改分区格式
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
#显示分区格式列表
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L
......
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
......
#选择 8e
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.
#保存
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
新建pv:
#查看新建磁盘
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x20465fca
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 104857599 104855552 50G 8e Linux LVM
#用新建磁盘创建PV
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
#查看pv
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name cl
PV Size <99.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 25343
Free PE 1
Allocated PE 25342
PV UUID GgFkci-0Mpm-2XW3-YPSx-0sG3-RcSR-jP7wfd
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "<50.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size <50.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID bYi0ek-0dMT-gRgG-fLog-4x5P-tput-ajFugL
#找到新建PV /dev/sdb1
#新建pv /dev/sdb1 未划入VG组
创建vg组:
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# vgcreate vg_data /dev/sdb1
Volume group "vg_data" successfully created
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_data
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <50.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 12799
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 12799 / <50.00 GiB
VG UUID e7Xahv-JR52-urzN-do1c-b9HH-Ocdc-b1dATx
......
创建lv:
#分配vg组 vg_data所有剩余空间
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# lvcreate -l 100%free -n lv_data vg_data
Logical volume "lv_data" created.
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg_data/lv_data
LV Name lv_data
VG Name vg_data
LV UUID ZnPdkg-kyqG-Pu9B-V52v-nlqa-KCVD-3c3lNW
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time STEM-Centos, 2020-09-18 09:07:45 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size <50.00 GiB
Current LE 12799
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:4
......
格式化lv分区:
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x20465fca
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 104857599 104855552 50G 8e Linux LVM
.......
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data: 50 GiB, 53682896896 bytes, 104849408 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
#用xfs格式化新建lv
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=3276544 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=13106176, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=6399, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
创建目录挂载lv分区:
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# mkdir /app
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# mount /dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data /app
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 7.8G 8.7M 7.8G 1% /run
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-root 20G 1.6G 19G 8% /
/dev/mapper/cl-home 20G 175M 20G 1% /home
/dev/mapper/cl-Data 43G 340M 43G 1% /Data
/dev/sda1 976M 198M 711M 22% /boot
tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data 50G 390M 50G 1% /app
修改开机自动挂载:
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# vi /etc/fstab
#添加如下内容
/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data /app xfs defaults 0 0
五、LVM扩容
查看磁盘:
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x998d4abe
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 209715199 207616000 99G 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdc: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x20465fca
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 104857599 104855552 50G 8e Linux LVM
......
#发现新挂载磁盘 sdc
#/dev/sdc: 50 GiB
创建lvm格式磁盘(sdc):
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xcc5a7c93.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-104857599, default 104857599):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 50 GiB.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.
#查看分区情况
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xcc5a7c93
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1 2048 104857599 104855552 50G 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
新建pv:
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdc
Disk /dev/sdc: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xcc5a7c93
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1 2048 104857599 104855552 50G 8e Linux LVM
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1
Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name vg_data
PV Size <50.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 12799
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 12799
PV UUID bYi0ek-0dMT-gRgG-fLog-4x5P-tput-ajFugL
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name cl
PV Size <99.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 25343
Free PE 1
Allocated PE 25342
PV UUID GgFkci-0Mpm-2XW3-YPSx-0sG3-RcSR-jP7wfd
"/dev/sdc1" is a new physical volume of "<50.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdc1
VG Name
PV Size <50.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 5BwRRE-xsFO-0hId-e7Wx-1mJw-pCxn-RUTaew
#找到新建PV /dev/sdc1
#新建pv /dev/sdc1 未加入vg组
扩展vg(将/dev/sdc1 加入 vg_data):
#新建pv /dev/sdc1 扩展vg_data组
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# vgextend vg_data /dev/sdc1
Volume group "vg_data" successfully extended
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_data
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 99.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 25598
Alloc PE / Size 12799 / <50.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 12799 / <50.00 GiB
VG UUID e7Xahv-JR52-urzN-do1c-b9HH-Ocdc-b1dATx
--- Volume group ---
VG Name cl
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 5
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 4
Open LV 4
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <99.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 25343
Alloc PE / Size 25342 / 98.99 GiB
Free PE / Size 1 / 4.00 MiB
VG UUID rSkqAV-uU68-0xNn-xZrW-CNzJ-754y-sexNfu
刷新文件系统,使扩展生效:
#刷新前
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 7.8G 8.7M 7.8G 1% /run
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-root 20G 1.6G 19G 8% /
/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data 50G 390M 50G 1% /app
/dev/mapper/cl-Data 43G 340M 43G 1% /Data
/dev/mapper/cl-home 20G 175M 20G 1% /home
/dev/sda1 976M 198M 711M 22% /boot
tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0
#刷新扩展lv容量(lvm格式)
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=3276544 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=13106176, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=6399, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 13106176 to 26212352
[root@STEM-Centos ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 7.8G 8.7M 7.8G 1% /run
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-root 20G 1.6G 19G 8% /
/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data 100G 747M 100G 1% /app
/dev/mapper/cl-Data 43G 340M 43G 1% /Data
/dev/mapper/cl-home 20G 175M 20G 1% /home
/dev/sda1 976M 198M 711M 22% /boot
tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0