JAVA Web

转发与重定向的区别

转发

1. 地址不变
2. 浏览器一次请求
3. 服务器内部跳转

重定向

1. 地址会变
2. 浏览器二次请求
3. 浏览器跳转

Servlet与Request的生命周期

Servlet
第一次被访问时，由Tomcat创建，创建1次，线程不案例
项目卸载时，由Tomcat销毁

Request
每次发送请求时，由Tomcat创建
响应结束时，由Tomcat销毁

响应体乱码应如何解决

response.setContentType(“text/html; charset=utf-8”)

ServletContext

获取真实路径

• String application.getRealPath(String relativePath)
• InputStream application.getResourceAsStream(String relativePath)

@WebServlet("/context_real_path")
public class ContextRealPathServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext application = getServletContext();

        // 不会做"文件是否存在"的判断
        // 只是单纯地字符串拼接
//        String realPath = application.getRealPath("WEB-INF/druidd.properties");
//        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(realPath);
//        is.close();
//        System.out.println(realPath);

        InputStream is = application.getResourceAsStream("WEB-INF/druid.properties");
        is.close();

        // 相对于ContextRealPathServlet所在的路径
        // ContextRealPathServlet.class.getResourceAsStream("druid.properties");

        // 相对于src路径
        // ContextRealPathServlet.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties");

        // 相对于web路径
        // application.getResourceAsStream()
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

获取文件的方式

• new FileInputStream(String absolutePath)

  通过绝对路径获取输入流

• 类名.class.getResourceAsStream(String relativePath)

  相对于***类名***所在的路径

• 类名.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(String relativePath)

  相对于src路径

• application.getResourceAsStream(String relativePath)

  相对于web路径

获取全局初始化参数

• String application.getInitParameter(String name)

@WebServlet("/context_init_param")
public class ContextInitParamServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 获取上下文域对象
        ServletContext application = getServletContext();

        // 获取在web.xml中配置的全局初始化参数
        String url = application.getInitParameter("url");
        String username = application.getInitParameter("username");
        String password = application.getInitParameter("password");
        String driverClassName = application.getInitParameter("driverClassName");

        System.out.println(url);
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
        System.out.println(driverClassName);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

上下文域

请求域: 每个用户的每次请求
上下文域: 所有用户的所有请求

案例: 统计某一个Servlet的访问次数

@WebServlet("/count")
public class CountServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html; charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

        // 获取上下文域
        ServletContext application = getServletContext();

        // 要明确当前是第几次
        // 那么就需要先知道上一次是第几次
        // 想要知道上一次是第几次，就需要先把作用域里面的值读出来
        Integer count = (Integer) application.getAttribute("count");

        // 如果读到一个null，代表没有
        // 本次才是第一次
        if (count == null) {
            count = 1;
        }

        // 如果读到了一个数字，代表有
        // 那么累计即可
        else {
            count++;
        }

        application.setAttribute("count", count);

        out.write("<h1>访问了" + count + "次</h1>");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

会话技术

Cookie

• response.addCookie(Cookie cookie)

  向浏览器发送一个cookie
  浏览器接收到了的话，那么就会保存此cookie

• request.getCookies()

  在服务器接收浏览器发送过来的所有cookie

• new Cookie(String name, String value)

  创建一个Cookie对象
  注意，并不会因为创建了，就发送给浏览器的
  需要借助response.addCookie才能发送

• cookie.getName()

  获取cookie名

• cookie.getValue()

  获取cookie值

• cookie.setValue()

  修改cookie值
  注意，是在服务器内部修改的，并不会因为修改了，就发送给浏览器的
  浏览器的cookie数据，还是以前的
  需要借助response.addCookie(cookie)
  重新将cookie发送给浏览器
  此时浏览器才会覆盖

@WebServlet("/cookie_send")
public class CookieSendServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("username", "zhangsan");
        response.addCookie(cookie);

        Cookie password = new Cookie("password", "123456");
        response.addCookie(password);

//        response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", "username=zhangsan");
//        response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", "password=123456");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

Cookie中文解决方案

• URLEncoder.encode(String str, String unc)
• URLDecoder.decode(String str, String unc)

Cookie设置超时时间

默认的Cookie的超时时间为: 只要浏览器不关，就一直存在。直到浏览器关闭掉
设置Cookie的超时时间，并且下次关闭浏览器且打开浏览器后，只要超时时间不过
那么，就依然存在

• cookie.setMaxAge(int expiry)

  设置超时时间，单位为秒

@WebServlet("/cookie_send")
public class CookieSendServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("username", "zhangsan");
        response.addCookie(cookie);

        Cookie password = new Cookie("password", "123456");
        response.addCookie(password);

        Cookie realname = new Cookie("realname", URLEncoder.encode("张三", "utf-8"));
		
		// 设置超时时间为24小时
        realname.setMaxAge(24 * 60 * 60);
        response.addCookie(realname);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

Session

入门程序

@WebServlet("/session_fund")
public class SessionFundServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html; charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

        SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

        // 获取session对象
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();

        out.write("<h1>创建时间: " + format.format(session.getCreationTime()) + "</h1>");
        out.write("<h1>Id: " + session.getId() + "</h1>");
        out.write("<h1>上次访问时间: " + format.format(session.getLastAccessedTime()) + "</h1>");
        out.write("<h1>Is new: " + session.isNew() + "</h1>");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

Session销毁相关

单独设置session的超时时间

@WebServlet("/inactive_interval")
public class InactiveIntervalServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();

        // 设置session的最大非活动时长
        session.setMaxInactiveInterval(30);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

立即销毁session

@WebServlet("/session_invalid")
public class SessionInvalidServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();

        // 立马销毁session
        session.invalidate();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

配置session的默认超时时间

• web.xml

    <session-config>
	    <!-- 配置session的超时时间，10分钟 -->
        <session-timeout>10</session-timeout>
    </session-config>