Docker的常用命令
帮助命令
| docker version | 显示docker的版本信息 |
| docker info | 显示docker的系统信息包括镜像和容器 |
| docker 命令--help | 帮助命令 |
帮助文档地址: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/
镜像命令
docker images 查看所有本地主机上的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 3 months ago 13.3kB
#解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的id
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
#可选项
-a, --all #列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet #只显示镜像的id
docker search搜索镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11912 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4558 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 895 [OK]
phpmyadmin phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M… 412 [OK]
#可选项 ,通过收藏来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000 搜索出来的结束STARS 大于3000以上的
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11912 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4558 [OK]
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11912 [OK]
docker pull 下载镜像
#下载镜像docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest //如果不写tag,默认结束latest #最新版本
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete #分层下载,docker image的核心 联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete
99da31dd6142: Pull complete
626033c43d70: Pull complete
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete
ac563158d721: Pull complete
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete
1c04857f594f: Pull complete
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete
e0431212d27d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
#等价于它
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
#指定版本下载 #一定要有的版本才可以
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists
93619dbc5b36: Already exists
99da31dd6142: Already exists
626033c43d70: Already exists
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists
ac563158d721: Already exists
d2ba16033dad: Already exists
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete
37f2405cae96: Pull complete
e2482e017e53: Pull complete
70deed891d42: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 c20987f18b13 2 weeks ago 448MB
mysql latest 3218b38490ce 2 weeks ago 516MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 3 months ago 13.3kB
docker rmi 删除镜像!
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 容器id #删除指定的容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id 容器id #删除多个容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部的容器
容器命令
说明:有了镜像才可以创建容器 linux,下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
#参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交换方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-P 指定容器端口 -p 8080:8080
-P ip:主机端口:容器端口
-P 主机端口:容器端口 (常用)
-P容器端口
容器端口
-p 随机指定端口
#测试 #启动并进入容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@4087754894c6 /]# ls #查看容器内的centos 基础版本 很多命令是不完善的
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#从容器中退回主机
[root@4087754894c6 /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg initial-setup-ks.cfg 公共 模板 视频 图片 文档 下载 音乐 桌面
列处所有运行的容器
#docker ps命令
#列出当前正在运行的容器
-a #列出当前正在运行的容器 +历史运行过的容器
-n=? #显示最近创建的容器
-q #只显示容器的编号
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4087754894c6 centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago agitated_hamilton
fe9114274b4a feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago optimistic_lovelace
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a -n=1
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4087754894c6 centos "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago agitated_hamilton
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -aq
4087754894c6
fe9114274b4a
退出容器
exit #直接容器退出并停止
Ctrl + P + Q #容器不停止退出删除容器
docker rm 容器id #删除指定的容器 #不能删除正在运行的容器,如果强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -qlxargs docker rm #删除所有容器启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器常用其他命令
后台启动容器
#命令 docker run -d 镜像名!
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos
#问题docker ps 发现centos停止了
#常见的坑 :docker 容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用.就会自动停止
#nginx:容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止,也就没有程序了
查看日志
docker logs -f -t -tail 容器,没有日志
#自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo cpf; sleep 1;done"
#root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE
14c64d9110c8 centos
#显示日志
-tf #显示全部
-tail number #要显示的日志条数
#前十行
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 14c64d9110c8
#全部日志
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf 14c64d9110c8
查看容器中的进程信息
#命令 docker top 容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker top 14c64d9110c8
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 14078 14058 0 13:33 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo cpf; sleep 1;done
root 14779 14078 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
[root@localhost ~]#
查看镜像的元数据
#命令
docker inspect 容器id
#测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 14c64d9110c8
[
{
"Id": "14c64d9110c81216120d7844f74c9a1122da93d0cf350ada75dec5a64d14f673",
"Created": "2022-01-06T05:33:38.170265228Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo cpf; sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 14078,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-01-06T05:33:38.386337499Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/14c64d9110c81216120d7844f74c9a1122da93d0cf350ada75dec5a64d14f673/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/14c64d9110c81216120d7844f74c9a1122da93d0cf350ada75dec5a64d14f673/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/14c64d9110c81216120d7844f74c9a1122da93d0cf350ada75dec5a64d14f673/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/14c64d9110c81216120d7844f74c9a1122da93d0cf350ada75dec5a64d14f673/14c64d9110c81216120d7844f74c9a1122da93d0cf350ada75dec5a64d14f673-json.log",
"Name": "/goofy_raman",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/88e27f1684f779a6ce04db3cf8f7941fbad396a9768dbfc7ec69c174237c2efc-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/807f66813f40da172cd35f73cbeacee9176f34feec0615ac625c2ec7f286c9d9/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/88e27f1684f779a6ce04db3cf8f7941fbad396a9768dbfc7ec69c174237c2efc/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/88e27f1684f779a6ce04db3cf8f7941fbad396a9768dbfc7ec69c174237c2efc/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/88e27f1684f779a6ce04db3cf8f7941fbad396a9768dbfc7ec69c174237c2efc/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "14c64d9110c8",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo cpf; sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "32bc32cc7f10d285fdfda8be83898f97d2f94921fc51e4b11ba952fcf0e111d0",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/32bc32cc7f10",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "43f4e852431a663df786e350fdc647d10e29585fcb5d1216679723c9b055b8a5",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "91e10a88ed2cee7076c9b5ac13a74a897605bbdd3bdea42ab759da1974bf31fe",
"EndpointID": "43f4e852431a663df786e350fdc647d10e29585fcb5d1216679723c9b055b8a5",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
#我们通常容器都是使用后台方式进行运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置
#命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
#测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
14c64d9110c8 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 15 minutes ago Up 15 minutes goofy_raman
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 14c64d9110c8 /bin/bash
[root@14c64d9110c8 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@14c64d9110c8 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 05:33 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo cpf; sleep 1;done
root 971 0 0 05:49 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 1023 1 0 05:50 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 1024 971 0 05:50 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
#方式二
docker attach 容器id
#测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach 14c64d9110c8
#正在执行当前的代码....
#docker exec #进入容器后,开一个新的终端,可以在里面进行操作(常用)
#docker attach #进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目标主机
#查看当前主机目录下
[root@localhost home]# ls
cpf cpf.java
[root@localhost home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bbb090833a4e centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute gracious_kalam
#进入docker容器内
[root@localhost home]# docker attach bbb090833a4e
[root@bbb090833a4e /]# cd /home
[root@bbb090833a4e home]# ls
#在容器内新建一个文件
[root@bbb090833a4e home]# touch text.java
[root@bbb090833a4e home]# exit
exit
[root@localhost home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost home]# docker ps-1
docker: 'ps-1' is not a docker command.
See 'docker --help'
[root@localhost home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bbb090833a4e centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 26 seconds ago gracious_kalam
#将这个文件拷贝到我们主机上
[root@localhost home]# docker cp bbb090833a4e:home/text.java /home
[root@localhost home]# ls
cpf cpf.java text.java
#拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术可以实现小结
docker 的命令是十分多的,上面我们说的都是最常用的容器和镜像命令,之后还会有很多
练习一:安装Nginx
docker安装Nginx
#1.搜索镜像 search 建议去docker搜索,可以看到详细信息
docker search nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 16084 [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 2106 [OK]
#2.下载镜像 pull
[root@localhost home]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete
a9edb18cadd1: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
#3.运行测试
[root@localhost home]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 605c77e624dd 7 days ago 141MB
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 3 months ago 231MB
# -d 后台运行
# -name 给容器起名字
# -p 宿主机端口:容器内部端口
[root@localhost home]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx
d0dcad35b416cc41daf2ee7c62d89859e33cd8aac4fe9612e45bd4719f7953dd
[root@localhost home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d0dcad35b416 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 9 seconds ago Up 8 seconds 0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp, :::3344->80/tcp nginx01
[root@localhost home]# curl localhost:3344
#进入容器
[root@localhost home]# docker exec -it nginx01 /bin/bash
root@d0dcad35b416:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@d0dcad35b416:/# cd /etc/nginx
root@d0dcad35b416:/etc/nginx# ls
conf.d fastcgi_params mime.types modules nginx.conf scgi_params uwsgi_params
root@d0dcad35b416:/etc/nginx# 端口暴露的概念
我们每次 改动nginx配置文件,都需要进去容器内部?十分麻烦.我们要是可以在容器外部 提供一个映射路径,达到在容器修改文件名,容器内部就可以自动修改? -v数据卷
练习二:安装tomcat
#官方使用
docker run -it -rm tomcat:9.0
#我们之前的启动都是后台,停止了容器,容器还可以查到 docker run -it -rm 一般用来测试,用完就删除
#下载在启动
docker pull tomcat
#启动运行
[root@localhost home]# docker run -d -p 3355:8080 --name tomcat01 tomcat
#测试访问没问题
#进入容器
[root@localhost home]# docker exec -it tomcat01 /bin/bash
#发现问题 1 linux命令少了 2.没有webapps .阿里云镜像的原因.默认是最小的镜像,所有不必要的都剔除了
#保证最小可运行的环境!练习三:部署es+kibanna
#es 暴露的端口很多!
#es 十分耗内存
#es的数据一般需要放置到安全目录!挂载
# --net smenetwork 网络配置
#启动
docker run -d --name elasticsearch -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node"elasticsearch:7.6.2
#测试一下es是否成功
[root@localhost home]# curl localhost:9200
{
"name" : "642cb5964900",
"cluster_name" : "docker-cluster",
"cluster_uuid" : "palK_9pKSWCnTn_-4wxcVg",
"version" : {
"number" : "7.7.0",
"build_flavor" : "default",
"build_type" : "docker",
"build_hash" : "81a1e9eda8e6183f5237786246f6dced26a10eaf",
"build_date" : "2020-05-12T02:01:37.602180Z",
"build_snapshot" : false,
"lucene_version" : "8.5.1",
"minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0",
"minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"
},
"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}
#启动了linux 服务器就卡 #限制前
#docker stats查看cpu的状态
CONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS
642cb5964900 elasticsearch 0.23% 863MiB / 1.934GiB 43.58% 656B / 0B 1.56GB / 43.4MB 48#关闭,增加内存的限制,修改配置文件 -e 环境配置修改
docker run -d --name elasticsearch02 -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms64m-Xmx512m" elasticsearch:7.7.0
#限制后
CONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS
fca6669f836b elasticsearch09 0.43% 412.3MiB / 1.934GiB 20.82% 656B / 0B 185MB / 2.33MB 49
#测试成功
[root@localhost home]# curl localhost:9200
{
"name" : "dccde04643ea",
"cluster_name" : "docker-cluster",
"cluster_uuid" : "_BlB-u-gTF6BTTwgNyWVDg",
"version" : {
"number" : "7.7.0",
"build_flavor" : "default",
"build_type" : "docker",
"build_hash" : "81a1e9eda8e6183f5237786246f6dced26a10eaf",
"build_date" : "2020-05-12T02:01:37.602180Z",
"build_snapshot" : false,
"lucene_version" : "8.5.1",
"minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0",
"minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"
},
"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}
使用kibana连接es(怎么才能连过去?)
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