ansible批量安装postgresql软件
随着分布式系统和大规模应用的普及,自动化部署和管理变得越来越重要。Ansible 是一种流行的自动化工具,它可以帮助我们简化和加速服务器的配置和管理任务。本文将详细介绍如何使用 Ansible 来批量安装 PostgreSQL 数据库,以实现高效的部署和维护。
一、准备工作
1.1. 环境准备
•操作系统:Red Hat Enterprise Linux(RHEL)或其衍生版本(如 CentOS)。
•软件版本:本文以 PostgreSQL 16 为例,适用于大多数主流 Red Hat 基础设施。
•Ansible 版本:确保你的 Ansible 版本至少为 2.8 或更高版本。
安装规划表
目标服务器 | IP地址 | pg版本 |
kylin v10 | 192.168.2.136 | v16 |
kylin v10 | 192.168.2.137 | v16 |
kylin v10 | 192.168.2.138 | v16 |
1.2. 安装 Ansible
如果你还没有安装 Ansible,可以通过以下命令在控制节点(即运行 Ansible 命令的机器)上安装:
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
sudo yum install epel-release
sudo yum install ansible
1.3. 配置 SSH 互信
为了能够在不输入密码的情况下执行远程命令,需要配置 SSH 密钥对。在控制节点上生成 SSH 密钥对,并将公钥添加到目标服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中。
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
1、生成密钥
ssh-keygen
2、查看公钥
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
3、查看私钥
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa
4、传输公钥到目标服务器
ssh-copy-id 192.168.77.100
5、清空间密钥
echo '' > ~/.ssh/id_rsa
echo '' > ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
二、创建 Ansible Playbook
2.1. 创建文件夹结构在控制节点上创建一个工作目录,并在其中设置基本的文件结构:
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
[root@db1 roles]# tree postgresql/
postgresql/
├── files
│ ├── pg_install.sh
│ └── postgresql-16.4.tar.gz
├── handlers
├── tasks
│ ├── create_user.yml
│ ├── depent_package_install.yml
│ ├── main.yml
│ └── pg_install.yml
└── templates
2.2. 编写 hosts 文件在 hosts 文件中定义目标服务器。
例如:
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
[root@db1 ansible]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts
[dbservers]
#192.168.2.136 ansible_python_interpreter=/usr/bin/python3
#192.168.2.137 ansible_python_interpreter=/usr/bin/python3
#192.168.2.138 ansible_python_interpreter=/usr/bin/python3
192.168.2.136
192.168.2.137
192.168.2.138
[dbservers:vars]
ansible_python_interpreter=/usr/bin/python3
2.3. 编写变量文件在 group_vars/all.yml 文件中定义全局变量:
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
---
postgres_version: "16"
postgres_package: "postgresql{{ postgres_version }}"
2.4. 编写任务文件main.yml
在 tasks/main.yml 文件中编写具体的安装任务:
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
[root@db1 tasks]# cat main.yml
- include_tasks: create_user.yml
- include_tasks: depent_package_install.yml
- include_tasks: pg_install.yml
2.5.编写任务文件create_user.yml
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
# cat create_user.yml
- name: create pg group
group:
name: postgresql
gid: 2000
- name: create pg user
user:
name: postgresql
uid: 2000
group: postgresql
state: present
- name: check user
command: id postgresql
register: show_user
- debug: var=show_user.stdout
2.6.编写任务文件depent_package_install.yml
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
# cat depent_package_install.yml
- name: install pg dependent packages
yum:
name: "{{ item }}"
state: present
loop:
- bison
- flex
- readline-devel
- zlib-devel
- gcc
- libxml2
- libxml2-devel
- lz4
- lz4-devel
- systemtap-sdt-devel
- perl-ExtUtils-Embed
- perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker
- openssl
- openssl-devel
- pam
- pam-devel
- libxslt
- libxslt-devel
- systemd-devel
- tcl
- tcl-devel
- libicu-devel
2.7.编写任务文件pg_install.yml
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
# cat pg_install.yml
- name: copy db software to target hosts
copy: src=postgresql-16.4.tar.gz dest=/tmp
- name: copy postgresql install scripts
copy: src=pg_install.sh dest=/tmp/pg_install.sh owner=root group=root mode=755
- name: install postgresql software
shell: /bin/bash /tmp/pg_install.sh
2.8. 创建模板文件在工作目录下创建 templates 文件夹,并在其中放置两个模板文件:
- postgresql.conf.j2
- pg_hba.conf.j2
示例内容如下:
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
# templates/postgresql.conf.j2
listen_addresses = '*'
max_connections = 100
shared_buffers = 128MB
maintenance_work_mem = 64MB
autovacuum_max_workers = 32
wal_level = replica
plaintext# templates/pg_hba.conf.j2
# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS CIDR-ADDRESS METHOD
local all postgres peer
local all all md5
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
host all all ::1/128 md5
三、运行 Ansible Playbook
在控制节点上运行以下命令来启动安装过程:
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
ansible-playbook -i hosts tasks/main.yml
四、验证安装
安装完成后,可以登录到目标服务器上验证 PostgreSQL 是否正确安装并运行:
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
ssh user@192.168.1.10
systemctl status postgresql
如果一切顺利,你应该能看到 PostgreSQL 服务正在运行,并且可以通过 ps aux | grep postgres 查看相关进程。
五、清除环境
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
[root@db1 roles]# rm -rf /tmp/postgresql-16.4*
[root@db1 roles]# rm -rf /usr/local/postgres/
[root@db1 roles]# userdel postgresql
六、总结
通过使用 Ansible,我们可以轻松地批量安装和配置 PostgreSQL 数据库,从而大大提高了部署效率和一致性。本文提供了一个基本的框架,可以根据具体需求进行扩展和定制。希望这篇教程对你有所帮助!