线程的同步(处理线程安全问题简讲)

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一、出现线程安全问题

public class WindowTest1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Window1 w1 = new Window1();

        Thread t1 = new Thread(w1);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(w1);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(w1);

        t1.setName("窗口一");
        t2.setName("窗口二");
        t3.setName("窗口三");

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();

    }
}
class Window1 implements Runnable{
    private int ticket = 166;

    @Override
    public void run() {

        while (true){
                if (ticket > 0) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(100);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":卖票, 票号为:" + ticket);
                    ticket--;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
        }
    }
}

上面会出现什么问题呢？

​ 一：

​ 二：

当某个线程操作未完成时，其他线程也参与进来，造成线程的安全问题

二、解决线程安全问题

解决方法: 1.同步代码块

1.1同步Runnable接口

//1.1
public class WindowTest1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Window1 w1 = new Window1();

        Thread t1 = new Thread(w1);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(w1);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(w1);

        t1.setName("窗口一");
        t2.setName("窗口二");
        t3.setName("窗口三");

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();

    }
}
class Window1 implements Runnable{
    private int ticket = 166;
    Object obj = new Object();//创建类，标识1
    @Override
    public void run() {
    //Object obj = new Object();如果标识1在此操作是错误的，得共用锁obj,
        while (true){
            synchronized(this) {//考虑this是否是同个对象
                if (ticket > 0) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(100);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":卖票, 票号为:" + ticket);
                    ticket--;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

1.2同步继承Thread类

//1.2
public class WindowTest1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Window1 w1 = new Window1();
        Window1 w2 = new Window1();
        Window1 w3 = new Window1();

        w1.setName("窗口一");
        w2.setName("窗口二");
        w3.setName("窗口三");

        w1.start();
        w2.start();
        w3.start();
        
    }
}
class Window1 extends Thread {
    private int ticket = 166;
    private Object obj = new Object();//private static final Object obj = new Object();
    public void run() {
        synchronized (obj) {
            while (true) {
                if (ticket > 0) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(100);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":卖票, 票号为:" + ticket);
                    ticket--;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

(2.2)此时与没加"synchronized"方法一样，因为此时obj不是同一个，即三个线程分别执行了一次"Object obj = new Object();"

处理方法为将"private Object obj = new Object();“改为"private static final Object obj = new Object();”

解决方法: 2.同步方法(将同步的代码放进一个方法内)

2.1应用于Runnable接口

//2.1
public class WindowTest02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Window02 w1 = new Window02();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(w1);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(w1);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(w1);

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }
}
class Window02 implements Runnable{
    private int ticket = 100;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            show();
            if (ticket <= 0){
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    private synchronized void show(){
        if (ticket > 0) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":卖票, 票号为:" + ticket);
            ticket--;
        }
    }
}

2.2应用于继承Thread类

//2.2
public class WindowTest1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Window1 w1 = new Window1();
        Window1 w2 = new Window1();
        Window1 w3 = new Window1();


        w1.setName("窗口一");
        w2.setName("窗口二");
        w3.setName("窗口三");

        w1.start();
        w2.start();
        w3.start();

    }
}
class Window1 extends Thread {
    private static int ticket = 166;

    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            show();
            if (ticket <= 0){
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    public static synchronized void show(){

        if (ticket > 0) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":卖票, 票号为:" + ticket);
            ticket--;
        }
    }
}

总结

​ 同步代码块

​ 1.操作需要同步的代码，即可能出现线程安全问题的代码;

​ 2.共享数据，多个线程共同操作的变量，比如ticket;

​ 3.同步监视器→锁，任何一个类的对象，都可以充当锁(如obj);

​ 同步方法

​ 1.与同步代码块相比，仍涉及同步监视器，只是不需要显示声明

​ 2.非静态的同步方法，同步监视器是:this;

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本文简单分享了处理线程安全问题的方法，如有错误地方，请不吝赐教！

Tip:
附上尚硅谷宋老师线程讲解视频，小伙伴们可以看看，链接：处理线程安全问题