参考网址：https://blog.csdn.net/songlh1234/article/details/84317617
Python+unittest+requests+HTMLTestRunner 完整的接口自动化测试框架搭建
一、00——框架结构简解
大家可以先简单了解下该项目的目录结构介绍，后面会针对每个文件有详细注解和代码。
common：
——configDb.py：这个文件主要编写数据库连接池的相关内容，本项目暂未考虑使用数据库来存储读取数据，此文件可忽略，或者不创建。本人是留着以后如果有相关操作时，方便使用。
——configEmail.py：这个文件主要是配置发送邮件的主题、正文等，将测试报告发送并抄送到相关人邮箱的逻辑。
——configHttp.py：这个文件主要来通过get、post、put、delete等方法来进行http请求，并拿到请求响应。
——HTMLTestRunner.py：主要是生成测试报告相关
——Log.py：调用该类的方法，用来打印生成日志
result:
——logs：生成的日志文件
——report.html：生成的测试报告
testCase:
——test01case.py：读取userCase.xlsx中的用例，使用unittest来进行断言校验
testFile/case:
——userCase.xlsx：对下面test_api.py接口服务里的接口，设计了三条简单的测试用例，如参数为null，参数不正确等
caselist.txt：配置将要执行testCase目录下的哪些用例文件，前加#代表不进行执行。当项目过于庞大，用例足够多的时候，我们可以通过这个开关，来确定本次执行哪些接口的哪些用例。
config.ini：数据库、邮箱、接口等的配置项，用于方便的调用读取。
getpathInfo.py：获取项目绝对路径
geturlParams.py：获取接口的URL、参数、method等
readConfig.py：读取配置文件的方法，并返回文件中内容
readExcel.py：读取Excel的方法
runAll.py：开始执行接口自动化，项目工程部署完毕后直接运行该文件即可
test_api.py：自己写的提供本地测试的接口服务
test_sql.py：测试数据库连接池的文件，本次项目未用到数据库，可以忽略
二、01——测试接口服务
模拟一个简单的接口（安装库，cmd窗口输入命令，pip install flask）
按第一讲的目录创建好文件，打开test_api.py，写入如下代码
import flask
import json
from flask import request
'''
flask： web框架，通过flask提供的装饰器@server.route()将普通函数转换为服
'''
# 创建一个服务，把当前这个python文件当做一个服务
server = flask.Flask(__name__)
# @server.route()可以将普通函数转变为服务 登录接口的路径、请求方式
@server.route('/login', methods=['get', 'post'])
def login():
# 获取通过url请求传参的数据
username = request.values.get('name')
# 获取url请求传的密码，明文
pwd = request.values.get('pwd')
# 判断用户名、密码都不为空
if username and pwd:
if username == 'xiaoming' and pwd == '111':
resu = {'code': 200, 'message': '登录成功'}
return json.dumps(resu, ensure_ascii=False) # 将字典转换字符串
else:
resu = {'code': -1, 'message': '账号密码错误'}
return json.dumps(resu, ensure_ascii=False)
else:
resu = {'code': 10001, 'message': '参数不能为空！'}
return json.dumps(resu, ensure_ascii=False)
if __name__ == '__main__':
server.run(debug=True, port=8888, host='127.0.0.1')
执行test_api.py，在浏览器中输入http://127.0.0.1:8888/login?name=xiaoming&pwd=11199回车，验证我们的接口服务是否正常~
变更我们的参数，查看不同的响应结果确认接口服务一切正常
三、02——配置文件读取
在我们第二讲中，我们已经通过flask这个web框架创建好了我们用于测试的接口服务，因此我们可以把这个接口抽出来一些参数放到配置文件，然后通过一个读取配置文件的方法，方便后续的使用。同样还有邮件的相关配置~
（1）config.ini
按第一讲的目录创建好config.ini文件，打开该文件写入如下：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
[HTTP]
scheme = http
baseurl = 127.0.0.1
port = 8888
timeout = 10.0
[EMAIL]
on_off = on;
subject = 接口自动化测试报告
app = Outlook
addressee = 289183870@qq.com
cc = 971839071@qq.com
在HTTP中，协议http，baseURL，端口，超时时间。
在EMAIL中on_off是设置的一个开关，=on打开，发送邮件，=其他不发送邮件。subject邮件主题，addressee收件人，cc抄送人。
（2）getpathInfo.py
在我们编写readConfig.py文件前，我们先写一个获取项目某路径下某文件绝对路径的一个方法。按第一讲的目录结构创建好getpathInfo.py，打开该文件
import os
def get_Path():
#方法一：
# path = os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0] # 获取当前执行脚本的绝对路径（去掉文件名，只返回目录 ）
# [0]#path = os.path.realpath(__file__) #获取当前执行脚本的绝对路径
# path = os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__)) # os.path.split()用法：按照路径将文件名和路径分割开
#方法二：
path = os.path.dirname(__file__) # 获取当前执行脚本的绝对路径（去掉文件名，只返回目录 ）
return path
if __name__ == '__main__': # 执行该文件，测试下是否OK
print('测试路径是否OK,路径为：', get_Path())
（3）readConfig.py
继续往下走，同理，按第一讲目录创建好readConfig.py文件，打开该文件，以后的章节不在累赘
import os
import configparser
import getpathInfo # 引入我们自己的写的获取路径的类
path = getpathInfo.get_Path() # 调用实例化，还记得这个类返回的路径为*（当前执行脚本的绝对路径)*
config_path = os.path.join(path, 'config.ini')#这句话是在path路径下再加一级，最后变成C:\Users\songlihui\PycharmProjects\dkxinterfaceTest\config.ini
config = configparser.ConfigParser()#调用外部的读取配置文件的方法
config.read(config_path, encoding='utf-8')
class ReadConfig():
def get_http(self, name):
value = config.get('HTTP', name)
return value
def get_email(self, name):
value = config.get('EMAIL', name)
return value
def get_mysql(self, name):#写好，留以后备用。但是因为我们没有对数据库的操作，所以这个可以屏蔽掉
value = config.get('DATABASE', name)
return value
if __name__ == '__main__':#测试一下，我们读取配置文件的方法是否可用
print('HTTP中的baseurl值为：', ReadConfig().get_http('baseurl'))
print('EMAIL中的开关on_off值为：', ReadConfig().get_email('on_off'))
执行下readConfig.py，查看数据是否正确
HTTP中的baseurl值为： 127.0.0.1
EMAIL中的开关on_off值为： on;
四、03——读取Excel中的case
配置文件写好了，接口我们也有了，然后我们来根据我们的接口设计我们简单的几条用例。将对这个接口的用例写在一个对应的单独文件中testFile\case\userCase.xlsx ，userCase.xlsx内容如下：
（1）readExcel.py
紧接着，我们有了用例设计的Excel了，我们要对这个Excel进行数据的读取操作，继续往下，我们创建readExcel.py文件
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import os
import getpathInfo # 自己定义的内部类，该类返回项目的绝对路径
# 调用读Excel的第三方库xlrd
from xlrd import open_workbook
# 拿到该项目所在的绝对路径
path = getpathInfo.get_Path()
class readExcel():
def get_xls(self, xls_name, sheet_name): # xls_name填写用例的Excel名称 sheet_name该Excel的sheet名称
cls = []
# 获取用例文件路径
xlsPath = os.path.join(path, 'testfile',xls_name)
#得到的路径应该是这样的：E:/untitled/apiautomation/testfile/usercase.xlsx
print('用例的路径为: %s'%(xlsPath))
file = open_workbook(xlsPath) # 打开excel文件
sheet = file.sheet_by_name(sheet_name) # 这里的sheet_name是表格名，获得打开Excel的表格
# 获取这个表格的内容行数
nrows = sheet.nrows
print('%s表的行数为: %s'%(sheet_name,nrows))
'''
row_values()用法
print(sheet.row_values(0)) # 表格第一行的数据为一个列表
print(sheet.row_values(0)[0]) # 列表的第一个，则是表格第一行的第一列数据
'''
for i in range(nrows): # 根据行数做循环，for i in range()用法，这里行数是4的话，就是i依次输出为0 1 2 3
if sheet.row_values(i)[0] != 'case_name': # 如果这个Excel的这个sheet的第i行的第一列不等于case_name那么我们把这行的数据添加到cls[]
cls.append(sheet.row_values(i)) #append用法，就是在cls列表插入
return cls
if __name__ == '__main__': # 我们执行该文件测试一下是否可以正确获取Excel中的值
cls = readExcel().get_xls('usercase.xlsx', 'Sheet1') #参数传入文件名和表格名
print('cls数组为：')
for i in cls:
print(i)
print(cls[0][1]) #表格中第1行，第2列
print(cls[2][3]) #表格中第3行，第4列
执行结果
用例的路径为: E:\untitled\apiautomation\testfile\usercase.xlsx
Sheet1表的行数为: 4
cls数组为：
['登录', '/login', 'name=xiaoming&pwd=111', 'post']
['login_error', '/login', 'name=xiaoming&pwd=111222', 'post']
['login_null', '/login', 'name=xiaoming&pwd=', 'post']
/login
post
五、04——requests请求
（1）configHttp.py
配置文件有了，读取配置文件有了，用例有了，读取用例有了，我们的接口服务有了，我们是不是该写对某个接口进行http请求了，这时候我们需要使用pip install requests来安装第三方库，在common下configHttp.py，configHttp.py的内容如下：
import requests
import json
class RunMain():
def send_post(self, url, data): # 定义一个方法，传入需要的参数url和data
# 参数必须按照url、data顺序传入
result = requests.post(url=url, data=data).json() # 因为这里要封装post方法，所以这里的url和data值不能写死
res = json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=False, sort_keys=True, indent=2)
return res
def send_get(self, url, data):
result = requests.get(url=url, params=data).json()
res = json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=False, sort_keys=True, indent=2)
return res
def run_main(self, method, url=None, data=None): # 定义一个run_main函数，通过传过来的method来进行不同的get或post请求
result = None
if method == 'post':
result = self.send_post(url, data)
elif method == 'get':
result = self.send_get(url, data)
else:
print("method值错误！！！")
return result
if __name__ == '__main__': # 通过写死参数，来验证我们写的请求是否正确
result1 = RunMain().run_main('post', 'http://127.0.0.1:8888/login', {'name': 'xiaoming', 'pwd': '111'})
result2 = RunMain().run_main('get', 'http://127.0.0.1:8888/login', 'name=xiaoming&pwd=111')
result3 = RunMain().run_main('get', 'http://127.0.0.1:8888/login')
print(result1)
print(result2)
print(result3)
执行结果
{
"code": 200,
"message": "登录成功"
}
{
"code": 200,
"message": "登录成功"
}
{
"code": 10001,
"message": "参数不能为空！"
}
相关知识点：
Skipkeys：默认值是False，如果dict的keys内的数据不是python的基本类型(str,unicode,int,long,float,bool,None)，设置为False时，就会报TypeError的错误。此时设置成True，则会跳过这类key
ensure_ascii：默认值True，如果dict内含有non-ASCII的字符，则会类似\uXXXX的显示数据，设置成False后，就能正常显示
indent：应该是一个非负的整型，如果是0，或者为空，则一行显示数据，否则会换行且按照indent的数量显示前面的空白，这样打印出来的json数据也叫pretty-printed json
separators：分隔符，实际上是(item_separator, dict_separator)的一个元组，默认的就是(‘,’,’:’)；这表示dictionary内keys之间用“,”隔开，而KEY和value之间用“：”隔开。
encoding：默认是UTF-8，设置json数据的编码方式。
sort_keys：将数据根据keys的值进行排序。
六、05——参数动态化
（1）geturlParams.py
在上一讲中，我们写了针对我们的接口服务，设计的三种测试用例，使用写死的参数（result = RunMain().run_main(‘post’, ‘http://127.0.0.1:8888/login’, ‘name=xiaoming&pwd=’)）来进行requests请求。本讲中我们写一个类，来用于分别获取这些参数，来第一讲的目录创建geturlParams.py，geturlParams.py文件中的内容如下：
import readConfig as readConfig
readconfig = readConfig.ReadConfig()
class geturlParams(): # 定义一个方法，将从配置文件中读取的进行拼接
def get_Url(self):
new_url = readconfig.get_http('scheme') + '://' + readconfig.get_http('baseurl') + ':' + readconfig.get_http('port') + '/login' + '?'
# logger.info('new_url'+new_url)
return new_url
if __name__ == '__main__': # 验证拼接后的正确性
print(geturlParams().get_Url())
执行结果
http://127.0.0.1:8888/login?
七、06——unittest断言
（1）test01case.py
以上的我们都准备好了，剩下的该写我们的unittest断言测试case了，在testCase下创建test01case.py文件，文件中内容如下：
import json
import unittest
from common.configHttp import RunMain
import paramunittest
import geturlParams
import urllib.parse
# import pythoncom
import readExcel
# pythoncom.CoInitialize()
url = geturlParams.geturlParams().get_Url()# 调用我们的geturlParams获取我们拼接的URL
login_xls = readExcel.readExcel().get_xls('userCase.xlsx', 'login')
@paramunittest.parametrized(*login_xls)
class testUserLogin(unittest.TestCase):
def setParameters(self, case_name, path, query, method):
"""
set params
:param case_name:
:param path
:param query
:param method
:return:
"""
self.case_name = str(case_name)
self.path = str(path)
self.query = str(query)
self.method = str(method)
def description(self):
"""
test report description
:return:
"""
self.case_name
def setUp(self):
"""
:return:
"""
print(self.case_name+"测试开始前准备")
def test01case(self):
self.checkResult()
def tearDown(self):
print("测试结束，输出log完结\n\n")
def checkResult(self):# 断言
"""
check test result
:return:
"""
url1 = "http://www.xxx.com/login?"
new_url = url1 + self.query
data1 = dict(urllib.parse.parse_qsl(urllib.parse.urlsplit(new_url).query))# 将一个完整的URL中的name=&pwd=转换为{'name':'xxx','pwd':'bbb'}
info = RunMain().run_main(self.method, url, data1)# 根据Excel中的method调用run_main来进行requests请求，并拿到响应
ss = json.loads(info)# 将响应转换为字典格式
if self.case_name == 'login':# 如果case_name是login，说明合法，返回的code应该为200
self.assertEqual(ss['code'], 200)
if self.case_name == 'login_error':# 同上
self.assertEqual(ss['code'], -1)
if self.case_name == 'login_null':# 同上
self.assertEqual(ss['code'], 10001)
八、07——HTMLTestRunner
（1）HTMLTestRunner.py
按我的目录结构，在common下创建HTMLTestRunner.py文件，内容如下：\
"""
A TestRunner for use with the Python unit testing framework. It
generates a HTML report to show the result at a glance.
The simplest way to use this is to invoke its main method. E.g.
import unittest
import HTMLTestRunner
... define your tests ...
if __name__ == '__main__':
HTMLTestRunner.main()
For more customization options, instantiates a HTMLTestRunner object.
HTMLTestRunner is a counterpart to unittest's TextTestRunner. E.g.
# output to a file
fp = file('my_report.html', 'wb')
runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(
stream=fp,
title='My unit test',
description='This demonstrates the report output by HTMLTestRunner.'
)
# Use an external stylesheet.
# See the Template_mixin class for more customizable options
runner.STYLESHEET_TMPL = '<link rel="stylesheet" href="my_stylesheet.css" type="text/css">'
# run the test
runner.run(my_test_suite)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2004-2007, Wai Yip Tung
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name Wai Yip Tung nor the names of its contributors may be
used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
"""
# URL: http://tungwaiyip.info/software/HTMLTestRunner.html
__author__ = "Wai Yip Tung"
__version__ = "0.8.2"
"""
Change History
Version 0.8.2
* Show output inline instead of popup window (Viorel Lupu).
Version in 0.8.1
* Validated XHTML (Wolfgang Borgert).
* Added description of test classes and test cases.
Version in 0.8.0
* Define Template_mixin class for customization.
* Workaround a IE 6 bug that it does not treat <script> block as CDATA.
Version in 0.7.1
* Back port to Python 2.3 (Frank Horowitz).
* Fix missing scroll bars in detail log (Podi).
"""
# TODO: color stderr
# TODO: simplify javascript using ,ore than 1 class in the class attribute?
import datetime
import io
import sys
import time
import unittest
from xml.sax import saxutils
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The redirectors below are used to capture output during testing. Output
# sent to sys.stdout and sys.stderr are automatically captured. However
# in some cases sys.stdout is already cached before HTMLTestRunner is
# invoked (e.g. calling logging.basicConfig). In order to capture those
# output, use the redirectors for the cached stream.
#
# e.g.
# >>> logging.basicConfig(stream=HTMLTestRunner.stdout_redirector)
# >>>
class OutputRedirector(object):
""" Wrapper to redirect stdout or stderr """
def __init__(self, fp):
self.fp = fp
def write(self, s):
self.fp.write(s)
def writelines(self, lines):
self.fp.writelines(lines)
def flush(self):
self.fp.flush()
stdout_redirector = OutputRedirector(sys.stdout)
stderr_redirector = OutputRedirector(sys.stderr)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Template
class Template_mixin(object):
"""
Define a HTML template for report customerization and generation.
Overall structure of an HTML report
HTML
+------------------------+
|<html> |
| <head> |
| |
| STYLESHEET |
| +----------------+ |
| | | |
| +----------------+ |
| |
| </head> |
| |
| <body> |
| |
| HEADING |
| +----------------+ |
| | | |
| +----------------+ |
| |
| REPORT |
| +----------------+ |
| | | |
| +----------------+ |
| |
| ENDING |
| +----------------+ |
| | | |
| +----------------+ |
| |
| </body> |
|</html> |
+------------------------+
"""
STATUS = {
0: 'pass',
1: 'fail',
2: 'error',
}
DEFAULT_TITLE = 'Unit Test Report'
DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION = ''
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# HTML Template
HTML_TMPL = r"""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>%(title)s</title>
<meta name="generator" content="%(generator)s"/>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
%(stylesheet)s
</head>
<body>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"><!--
output_list = Array();
/* level - 0:Summary; 1:Failed; 2:All */
function showCase(level) {
trs = document.getElementsByTagName("tr");
for (var i = 0; i < trs.length; i++) {
tr = trs[i];
id = tr.id;
if (id.substr(0,2) == 'ft') {
if (level < 1) {
tr.className = 'hiddenRow';
}
else {
tr.className = '';
}
}
if (id.substr(0,2) == 'pt') {
if (level > 1) {
tr.className = '';
}
else {
tr.className = 'hiddenRow';
}
}
}
}
function showClassDetail(cid, count) {
var id_list = Array(count);
var toHide = 1;
for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
tid0 = 't' + cid.substr(1) + '.' + (i+1);
tid = 'f' + tid0;
tr = document.getElementById(tid);
if (!tr) {
tid = 'p' + tid0;
tr = document.getElementById(tid);
}
id_list[i] = tid;
if (tr.className) {
toHide = 0;
}
}
for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
tid = id_list[i];
if (toHide) {
document.getElementById('div_'+tid).style.display = 'none'
document.getElementById(tid).className = 'hiddenRow';
}
else {
document.getElementById(tid).className = '';
}
}
}
function showTestDetail(div_id){
var details_div = document.getElementById(div_id)
var displayState = details_div.style.display
// alert(displayState)
if (displayState != 'block' ) {
displayState = 'block'
details_div.style.display = 'block'
}
else {
details_div.style.display = 'none'
}
}
function html_escape(s) {
s = s.replace(/&/g,'&');
s = s.replace(/</g,'<');
s = s.replace(/>/g,'>');
return s;
}
/* obsoleted by detail in <div>
function showOutput(id, name) {
var w = window.open("", //url
name,
"resizable,scrollbars,status,width=800,height=450");
d = w.document;
d.write("<pre>");
d.write(html_escape(output_list[id]));
d.write("\n");
d.write("<a href='javascript:window.close()'>close</a>\n");
d.write("</pre>\n");
d.close();
}
*/
--></script>
%(heading)s
%(report)s
%(ending)s
</body>
</html>
"""
# variables: (title, generator, stylesheet, heading, report, ending)
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Stylesheet
#
# alternatively use a <link> for external style sheet, e.g.
# <link rel="stylesheet" href="$url" type="text/css">
STYLESHEET_TMPL = """
<style type="text/css" media="screen">
body { font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 80%; }
table { font-size: 100%; }
pre { }
/* -- heading ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
h1 {
font-size: 16pt;
color: gray;
}
.heading {
margin-top: 0ex;
margin-bottom: 1ex;
}
.heading .attribute {
margin-top: 1ex;
margin-bottom: 0;
}
.heading .description {
margin-top: 4ex;
margin-bottom: 6ex;
}
/* -- css div popup ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
a.popup_link {
}
a.popup_link:hover {
color: red;
}
.popup_window {
display: none;
position: relative;
left: 0px;
top: 0px;
/*border: solid #627173 1px; */
padding: 10px;
background-color: #E6E6D6;
font-family: "Lucida Console", "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
text-align: left;
font-size: 8pt;
width: 500px;
}
}
/* -- report ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
#show_detail_line {
margin-top: 3ex;
margin-bottom: 1ex;
}
#result_table {
width: 80%;
border-collapse: collapse;
border: 1px solid #777;
}
#header_row {
font-weight: bold;
color: white;
background-color: #777;
}
#result_table td {
border: 1px solid #777;
padding: 2px;
}
#total_row { font-weight: bold; }
.passClass { background-color: #6c6; }
.failClass { background-color: #c60; }
.errorClass { background-color: #c00; }
.passCase { color: #6c6; }
.failCase { color: #c60; font-weight: bold; }
.errorCase { color: #c00; font-weight: bold; }
.hiddenRow { display: none; }
.testcase { margin-left: 2em; }
/* -- ending ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
#ending {
}
</style>
"""
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Heading
#
HEADING_TMPL = """<div class='heading'>
<h1>%(title)s</h1>
%(parameters)s
<p class='description'>%(description)s</p>
</div>
""" # variables: (title, parameters, description)
HEADING_ATTRIBUTE_TMPL = """<p class='attribute'><strong>%(name)s:</strong> %(value)s</p>
""" # variables: (name, value)
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Report
#
REPORT_TMPL = """
<p id='show_detail_line'>Show
<a href='javascript:showCase(0)'>Summary</a>
<a href='javascript:showCase(1)'>Failed</a>
<a href='javascript:showCase(2)'>All</a>
</p>
<table id='result_table'>
<colgroup>
<col align='left' />
<col align='right' />
<col align='right' />
<col align='right' />
<col align='right' />
<col align='right' />
</colgroup>
<tr id='header_row'>
<td>Test Group/Test case</td>
<td>Count</td>
<td>Pass</td>
<td>Fail</td>
<td>Error</td>
<td>View</td>
</tr>
%(test_list)s
<tr id='total_row'>
<td>Total</td>
<td>%(count)s</td>
<td>%(Pass)s</td>
<td>%(fail)s</td>
<td>%(error)s</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</table>
""" # variables: (test_list, count, Pass, fail, error)
REPORT_CLASS_TMPL = r"""
<tr class='%(style)s'>
<td>%(desc)s</td>
<td>%(count)s</td>
<td>%(Pass)s</td>
<td>%(fail)s</td>
<td>%(error)s</td>
<td><a href="javascript:showClassDetail('%(cid)s',%(count)s)">Detail</a></td>
</tr>
""" # variables: (style, desc, count, Pass, fail, error, cid)
REPORT_TEST_WITH_OUTPUT_TMPL = r"""
<tr id='%(tid)s' class='%(Class)s'>
<td class='%(style)s'><div class='testcase'>%(desc)s</div></td>
<td colspan='5' align='center'>
<!--css div popup start-->
<a class="popup_link" onfocus='this.blur();' href="javascript:showTestDetail('div_%(tid)s')" >
%(status)s</a>
<div id='div_%(tid)s' class="popup_window">
<div style='text-align: right; color:red;cursor:pointer'>
<a onfocus='this.blur();' onclick="document.getElementById('div_%(tid)s').style.display = 'none' " >
[x]</a>
</div>
<pre>
%(script)s
</pre>
</div>
<!--css div popup end-->
</td>
</tr>
""" # variables: (tid, Class, style, desc, status)
REPORT_TEST_NO_OUTPUT_TMPL = r"""
<tr id='%(tid)s' class='%(Class)s'>
<td class='%(style)s'><div class='testcase'>%(desc)s</div></td>
<td colspan='5' align='center'>%(status)s</td>
</tr>
""" # variables: (tid, Class, style, desc, status)
REPORT_TEST_OUTPUT_TMPL = r"""
%(id)s: %(output)s
""" # variables: (id, output)
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ENDING
#
ENDING_TMPL = """<div id='ending'> </div>"""
# -------------------- The end of the Template class -------------------
TestResult = unittest.TestResult
class _TestResult(TestResult):
# note: _TestResult is a pure representation of results.
# It lacks the output and reporting ability compares to unittest._TextTestResult.
def __init__(self, verbosity=1):
TestResult.__init__(self)
self.stdout0 = None
self.stderr0 = None
self.success_count = 0
self.failure_count = 0
self.error_count = 0
self.verbosity = verbosity
# result is a list of result in 4 tuple
# (
# result code (0: success; 1: fail; 2: error),
# TestCase object,
# Test output (byte string),
# stack trace,
# )
self.result = []
def startTest(self, test):
TestResult.startTest(self, test)
# just one buffer for both stdout and stderr
self.outputBuffer = io.StringIO()
stdout_redirector.fp = self.outputBuffer
stderr_redirector.fp = self.outputBuffer
self.stdout0 = sys.stdout
self.stderr0 = sys.stderr
sys.stdout = stdout_redirector
sys.stderr = stderr_redirector
def complete_output(self):
"""
Disconnect output redirection and return buffer.
Safe to call multiple times.
"""
if self.stdout0:
sys.stdout = self.stdout0
sys.stderr = self.stderr0
self.stdout0 = None
self.stderr0 = None
return self.outputBuffer.getvalue()
def stopTest(self, test):
# Usually one of addSuccess, addError or addFailure would have been called.
# But there are some path in unittest that would bypass this.
# We must disconnect stdout in stopTest(), which is guaranteed to be called.
self.complete_output()
def addSuccess(self, test):
self.success_count += 1
TestResult.addSuccess(self, test)
output = self.complete_output()
self.result.append((0, test, output, ''))
if self.verbosity > 1:
sys.stderr.write('ok ')
sys.stderr.write(str(test))
sys.stderr.write('\n')
else:
sys.stderr.write('.')
def addError(self, test, err):
self.error_count += 1
TestResult.addError(self, test, err)
_, _exc_str = self.errors[-1]
output = self.complete_output()
self.result.append((2, test, output, _exc_str))
if self.verbosity > 1:
sys.stderr.write('E ')
sys.stderr.write(str(test))
sys.stderr.write('\n')
else:
sys.stderr.write('E')
def addFailure(self, test, err):
self.failure_count += 1
TestResult.addFailure(self, test, err)
_, _exc_str = self.failures[-1]
output = self.complete_output()
self.result.append((1, test, output, _exc_str))
if self.verbosity > 1:
sys.stderr.write('F ')
sys.stderr.write(str(test))
sys.stderr.write('\n')
else:
sys.stderr.write('F')
class HTMLTestRunner(Template_mixin):
"""
"""
def __init__(self, stream=sys.stdout, verbosity=1, title=None, description=None):
self.stream = stream
self.verbosity = verbosity
if title is None:
self.title = self.DEFAULT_TITLE
else:
self.title = title
if description is None:
self.description = self.DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION
else:
self.description = description
self.startTime = datetime.datetime.now()
def run(self, test):
"Run the given test case or test suite."
result = _TestResult(self.verbosity)
test(result)
self.stopTime = datetime.datetime.now()
self.generateReport(test, result)
# print >> sys.stderr, '\nTime Elapsed: %s' % (self.stopTime-self.startTime)
sys.stderr.write('\nTime Elapsed: %s\n' % (self.stopTime - self.startTime))
return result
def sortResult(self, result_list):
# unittest does not seems to run in any particular order.
# Here at least we want to group them together by class.
rmap = {}
classes = []
for n,t,o,e in result_list:
cls = t.__class__
if not cls in rmap:
rmap[cls] = []
classes.append(cls)
rmap[cls].append((n,t,o,e))
r = [(cls, rmap[cls]) for cls in classes]
return r
def getReportAttributes(self, result):
"""
Return report attributes as a list of (name, value).
Override this to add custom attributes.
"""
startTime = str(self.startTime)[:19]
duration = str(self.stopTime - self.startTime)
status = []
if result.success_count: status.append('Pass %s' % result.success_count)
if result.failure_count: status.append('Failure %s' % result.failure_count)
if result.error_count: status.append('Error %s' % result.error_count )
if status:
status = ' '.join(status)
else:
status = 'none'
return [
('Start Time', startTime),
('Duration', duration),
('Status', status),
]
def generateReport(self, test, result):
report_attrs = self.getReportAttributes(result)
generator = 'HTMLTestRunner %s' % __version__
stylesheet = self._generate_stylesheet()
heading = self._generate_heading(report_attrs)
report = self._generate_report(result)
ending = self._generate_ending()
output = self.HTML_TMPL % dict(
title = saxutils.escape(self.title),
generator = generator,
stylesheet = stylesheet,
heading = heading,
report = report,
ending = ending,
)
self.stream.write(output)
def _generate_stylesheet(self):
return self.STYLESHEET_TMPL
def _generate_heading(self, report_attrs):
a_lines = []
for name, value in report_attrs:
line = self.HEADING_ATTRIBUTE_TMPL % dict(
name = saxutils.escape(name),
value = saxutils.escape(value),
)
a_lines.append(line)
heading = self.HEADING_TMPL % dict(
title = saxutils.escape(self.title),
parameters = ''.join(a_lines),
description = saxutils.escape(self.description),
)
return heading
def _generate_report(self, result):
rows = []
sortedResult = self.sortResult(result.result)
for cid, (cls, cls_results) in enumerate(sortedResult):
# subtotal for a class
np = nf = ne = 0
for n,t,o,e in cls_results:
if n == 0: np += 1
elif n == 1: nf += 1
else: ne += 1
# format class description
if cls.__module__ == "__main__":
name = cls.__name__
else:
name = "%s.%s" % (cls.__module__, cls.__name__)
doc = cls.__doc__ and cls.__doc__.split("\n")[0] or ""
desc = doc and '%s: %s' % (name, doc) or name
row = self.REPORT_CLASS_TMPL % dict(
style = ne > 0 and 'errorClass' or nf > 0 and 'failClass' or 'passClass',
desc = desc,
count = np+nf+ne,
Pass = np,
fail = nf,
error = ne,
cid = 'c%s' % (cid+1),
)
rows.append(row)
for tid, (n,t,o,e) in enumerate(cls_results):
self._generate_report_test(rows, cid, tid, n, t, o, e)
report = self.REPORT_TMPL % dict(
test_list = ''.join(rows),
count = str(result.success_count+result.failure_count+result.error_count),
Pass = str(result.success_count),
fail = str(result.failure_count),
error = str(result.error_count),
)
return report
def _generate_report_test(self, rows, cid, tid, n, t, o, e):
# e.g. 'pt1.1', 'ft1.1', etc
has_output = bool(o or e)
tid = (n == 0 and 'p' or 'f') + 't%s.%s' % (cid+1,tid+1)
name = t.id().split('.')[-1]
doc = t.shortDescription() or ""
desc = doc and ('%s: %s' % (name, doc)) or name
tmpl = has_output and self.REPORT_TEST_WITH_OUTPUT_TMPL or self.REPORT_TEST_NO_OUTPUT_TMPL
# o and e should be byte string because they are collected from stdout and stderr?
if isinstance(o,str):
# TODO: some problem with 'string_escape': it escape \n and mess up formating
# uo = unicode(o.encode('string_escape'))
# uo = o.decode('latin-1')
uo = e
else:
uo = o
if isinstance(e,str):
# TODO: some problem with 'string_escape': it escape \n and mess up formating
# ue = unicode(e.encode('string_escape'))
# ue = e.decode('latin-1')
ue = e
else:
ue = e
script = self.REPORT_TEST_OUTPUT_TMPL % dict(
id = tid,
output = saxutils.escape(str(uo)+ue),
)
row = tmpl % dict(
tid = tid,
Class = (n == 0 and 'hiddenRow' or 'none'),
style = n == 2 and 'errorCase' or (n == 1 and 'failCase' or 'none'),
desc = desc,
script = script,
status = self.STATUS[n],
)
rows.append(row)
if not has_output:
return
def _generate_ending(self):
return self.ENDING_TMPL
##############################################################################
# Facilities for running tests from the command line
##############################################################################
# Note: Reuse unittest.TestProgram to launch test. In the future we may
# build our own launcher to support more specific command line
# parameters like test title, CSS, etc.
class TestProgram(unittest.TestProgram):
"""
A variation of the unittest.TestProgram. Please refer to the base
class for command line parameters.
"""
def runTests(self):
# Pick HTMLTestRunner as the default test runner.
# base class's testRunner parameter is not useful because it means
# we have to instantiate HTMLTestRunner before we know self.verbosity.
if self.testRunner is None:
self.testRunner = HTMLTestRunner(verbosity=self.verbosity)
unittest.TestProgram.runTests(self)
main = TestProgram
##############################################################################
# Executing this module from the command line
##############################################################################
if __name__ == "__main__":
main(module=None)
九、08——调用生成测试报告
（1）caselist.txt
先别急着创建runAll.py文件（所有工作做完，最后我们运行runAll.py文件来执行接口自动化的测试工作并生成测试报告发送报告到相关人邮箱），但是我们在创建此文件前，还缺少点东东。按我的目录结构创建caselist.txt文件，内容如下：
user/test01case
#user/test02case
#user/test03case
#user/test04case
#user/test05case
#shop/test_shop_list
#shop/test_my_shop
#shop/test_new_shop
（2）configEmail.py
这个文件的作用是，我们通过这个文件来控制，执行哪些模块下的哪些unittest用例文件。如在实际的项目中：user模块下的test01case.py，店铺shop模块下的我的店铺my_shop，如果本轮无需执行哪些模块的用例的话，就在前面添加#。我们继续往下走，还缺少一个发送邮件的文件。在common下创建configEmail.py文件，内容如下：
# import os
# import win32com.client as win32
# import datetime
# import readConfig
# import getpathInfo
#
#
# read_conf = readConfig.ReadConfig()
# subject = read_conf.get_email('subject')#从配置文件中读取，邮件主题
# app = str(read_conf.get_email('app'))#从配置文件中读取，邮件类型
# addressee = read_conf.get_email('addressee')#从配置文件中读取，邮件收件人
# cc = read_conf.get_email('cc')#从配置文件中读取，邮件抄送人
# mail_path = os.path.join(getpathInfo.get_Path(), 'result', 'report.html')#获取测试报告路径
#
# class send_email():
# def outlook(self):
# olook = win32.Dispatch("%s.Application" % app)
# mail = olook.CreateItem(win32.constants.olMailItem)
# mail.To = addressee # 收件人
# mail.CC = cc # 抄送
# mail.Subject = str(datetime.datetime.now())[0:19]+'%s' %subject#邮件主题
# mail.Attachments.Add(mail_path, 1, 1, "myFile")
# content = """
# 执行测试中……
# 测试已完成！！
# 生成报告中……
# 报告已生成……
# 报告已邮件发送！！
# """
# mail.Body = content
# mail.Send()
#
#
# if __name__ == '__main__':# 运营此文件来验证写的send_email是否正确
# print(subject)
# send_email().outlook()
# print("send email ok!!!!!!!!!!")
# 两种方式，第一种是用的win32com,因为系统等各方面原因，反馈win32问题较多，建议改成下面的smtplib方式
import os
import smtplib
import base64
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
class SendEmail(object):
def __init__(self, username, passwd, recv, title, content,
file=None, ssl=False,
email_host='smtp.exmail.qq.com', port=25, ssl_port=465):
self.username = username # 用户名
self.passwd = passwd # 密码
self.recv = recv # 收件人，多个要传list ['a@qq.com','b@qq.com]
self.title = title # 邮件标题
self.content = content # 邮件正文
self.file = file # 附件路径，如果不在当前目录下，要写绝对路径
self.email_host = email_host # smtp服务器地址
self.port = port # 普通端口
self.ssl = ssl # 是否安全链接
self.ssl_port = ssl_port # 安全链接端口
def send_email(self):
msg = MIMEMultipart()
# 发送内容的对象
if self.file: # 处理附件的
file_name = os.path.split(self.file)[-1] # 只取文件名，不取路径
try:
f = open(self.file, 'rb').read()
except Exception as e:
raise Exception('附件打不开！！！！')
else:
att = MIMEText(f, "base64", "utf-8")
att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
# base64.b64encode(file_name.encode()).decode()
new_file_name = '=?utf-8?b?' + base64.b64encode(file_name.encode()).decode() + '?='
# 这里是处理文件名为中文名的，必须这么写
att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="%s"' % (new_file_name)
msg.attach(att)
msg.attach(MIMEText(self.content)) # 邮件正文的内容
msg['Subject'] = self.title # 邮件主题
msg['From'] = self.username # 发送者账号
msg['To'] = ','.join(self.recv) # 接收者账号列表
if self.ssl:
self.smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.email_host, port=self.ssl_port)
else:
self.smtp = smtplib.SMTP(self.email_host, port=self.port)
# 发送邮件服务器的对象
self.smtp.login(self.username, self.passwd)
try:
self.smtp.sendmail(self.username, self.recv, msg.as_string())
pass
except Exception as e:
print('出错了。。', e)
else:
print('发送成功！')
self.smtp.quit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
m = SendEmail(
username='zhongyl@tianyuaninfo.com',#发件人账号
passwd='Runningman128',#发件人密码
recv=['zhongyl@tianyuaninfo.com'],#收件人账号
title='测试',#邮件名称
content='测试发送邮件',#邮件内容
file=r'E:\untitled\26.jpg',#邮件附件
ssl=True,
)
m.send_email()
运行configEmail.py验证邮件发送是否正确
（3）runAll.py
继续往下走，这下我们该创建我们的runAll.py文件了
import os
import HTMLTestRunner as HTMLTestRunner
import getpathInfo
import unittest
import readConfig
from configEmail import SendEmail
from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler
import pythoncom
# import common.Log
send_mail = SendEmail(
username='zhongyl@tianyuaninfo.com',
passwd='Runningman128',
recv=['zhongyl@tianyuaninfo.com'],
title='测试报告',
content='测试发送邮件',
file=r'report_path',
ssl=True,
)
path = getpathInfo.get_Path()
report_path = os.path.join(path, 'result')
print(report_path)
on_off = readConfig.ReadConfig().get_email('on_off')
# log = common.Log.logger
class AllTest:#定义一个类AllTest
def __init__(self):#初始化一些参数和数据
global resultPath
resultPath = os.path.join(report_path, "report.html")#result/report.html
self.caseListFile = os.path.join(path, "caselist.txt")#配置执行哪些测试文件的配置文件路径
self.caseFile = os.path.join(path, "testCase")#真正的测试断言文件路径
self.caseList = []
def set_case_list(self):
"""
读取caselist.txt文件中的用例名称，并添加到caselist元素组
:return:
"""
fb = open(self.caseListFile)
for value in fb.readlines():
data = str(value)
if data != '' and not data.startswith("#"):# 如果data非空且不以#开头
self.caseList.append(data.replace("\n", ""))#读取每行数据会将换行转换为\n，去掉每行数据中的\n
fb.close()
def set_case_suite(self):
"""
:return:
"""
self.set_case_list()#通过set_case_list()拿到caselist元素组
test_suite = unittest.TestSuite()
suite_module = []
for case in self.caseList:#从caselist元素组中循环取出case
case_name = case.split("/")[-1]#通过split函数来将aaa/bbb分割字符串，-1取后面，0取前面
print(case_name+".py")#打印出取出来的名称
#批量加载用例，第一个参数为用例存放路径，第一个参数为路径文件名
discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(self.caseFile, pattern=case_name + '.py', top_level_dir=None)
suite_module.append(discover)#将discover存入suite_module元素组
print('suite_module:'+str(suite_module))
if len(suite_module) > 0:#判断suite_module元素组是否存在元素
for suite in suite_module:#如果存在，循环取出元素组内容，命名为suite
for test_name in suite:#从discover中取出test_name，使用addTest添加到测试集
test_suite.addTest(test_name)
else:
print('else:')
return None
return test_suite#返回测试集
def run(self):
"""
run test
:return:
"""
try:
suit = self.set_case_suite()#调用set_case_suite获取test_suite
print('try')
print(str(suit))
if suit is not None:#判断test_suite是否为空
print('if-suit')
fp = open(resultPath, 'wb')#打开result/20181108/report.html测试报告文件，如果不存在就创建
#调用HTMLTestRunner
runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp, title='Test Report', description='Test Description')
runner.run(suit)
else:
print("Have no case to test.")
except Exception as ex:
print(str(ex))
#log.info(str(ex))
finally:
print("*********TEST END*********")
#log.info("*********TEST END*********")
fp.close()
#判断邮件发送的开关
if on_off == 'on':
send_mail.send_email()
else:
print("邮件发送开关配置关闭，请打开开关后可正常自动发送测试报告")
# pythoncom.CoInitialize()
# scheduler = BlockingScheduler()
# scheduler.add_job(AllTest().run, 'cron', day_of_week='1-5', hour=14, minute=59)
# scheduler.start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
AllTest().run()
然后我们在需要我们输出日志的地方添加日志：
我们修改runAll.py文件，在顶部增加import common.Log，然后增加标红框的代码
import os
import HTMLTestRunner as HTMLTestRunner
import getpathInfo
import unittest
import readConfig
from configEmail import SendEmail
#定时器任务
#from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler
#import pythoncom
import Log
path = getpathInfo.get_Path()
report_path = os.path.join(path, 'result')
print('report_path执行脚本结果所放的文件夹路径为：%s'%(report_path))
on_off = readConfig.ReadConfig().get_email('on_off')
log = Log.logger
class AllTest:#定义一个类AllTest
def __init__(self):#初始化一些参数和数据
global resultPath
resultPath = os.path.join(report_path, "report.html")#result/report.
print("resultPath测试报告路径为：" + resultPath )
self.caseListFile = os.path.join(path, "caselist.txt")#配置执行哪些测试文件的配置文件路径
self.caseFile = os.path.join(path)#真正的测试断言文件路径
print("批量用例脚本存放的文件夹路径为：" + self.caseFile)
self.caseList = []
def set_case_list(self):
"""
读取caselist.txt文件中的用例名称，并添加到caselist元素组
:return:
"""
fb = open(self.caseListFile)
for value in fb.readlines():
data = str(value)
if data != '' and not data.startswith("#"):# 如果data非空且不以#开头
self.caseList.append(data.replace("\n", ""))#读取每行数据会将换行转换为\n，去掉每行数据中的\n
fb.close()
def set_case_suite(self):
"""
:return:
"""
self.set_case_list()#通过set_case_list()拿到caselist元素组
test_suite = unittest.TestSuite()
suite_module = []
for case in self.caseList:#从caselist元素组中循环取出case
case_name = case.split("/")[-1]#通过split函数来将aaa/bbb分割字符串，-1取后面，0取前面
print("用例脚本名为："+case_name+".py")#打印出取出来的名称
#批量加载用例，第一个参数为用例存放路径，第一个参数为路径文件名
discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(self.caseFile, pattern=case_name + '.py', top_level_dir=None)
suite_module.append(discover)#将discover存入suite_module元素组
print('suite_module:'+str(suite_module))
if len(suite_module) > 0:#判断suite_module元素组是否存在元素
for suite in suite_module:#如果存在，循环取出元素组内容，命名为suite
for test_name in suite:#从discover中取出test_name，使用addTest添加到测试集
test_suite.addTest(test_name)
else:
print('else:')
return None
return test_suite#返回测试集
def run(self):
"""
run test
:return:
"""
global fp
try:
suit = self.set_case_suite()#调用set_case_suite获取test_suite
print('try')
print(str(suit))
if suit is not None:#判断test_suite是否为空
print('if-suit')
str.encode("utf-8")#没有的话会报错：a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
fp = open(resultPath, 'w',encoding='utf-8')#打开result/20181108/report.html测试报告文件，如果不存在就创建
#调用HTMLTestRunner
runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp, title='Test Report', description='Test Description')
runner.run(suit)
fp.close()
else:
print("Have no case to test.")
fp.close()
except Exception as ex:
print(str(ex))
#log.info(str(ex))
finally:
print("*********TEST END*********")
#log.info("*********TEST END*********")
#fp.close()
#判断邮件发送的开关
if on_off == 'on':
send_mail = SendEmail(
username='zhongyl@tianyuaninfo.com',#发件人账号
passwd='Runningman128',#发件人密码
recv=['zhongyl@tianyuaninfo.com'],#收件人账号
title='测试报告',
content='附件为测试报告',
file=resultPath,
ssl=True,
)
send_mail.send_email()
else:
print("邮件发送开关配置关闭，请打开开关后可正常自动发送测试报告")
# pythoncom.CoInitialize()
# scheduler = BlockingScheduler()
# scheduler.add_job(AllTest().run, 'cron', day_of_week='1-5', hour=14, minute=59)
# scheduler.start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
AllTest().run()
#AllTest().set_case_list()
#AllTest().set_case_suite()
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