LVM逻辑卷管理器

部署逻辑卷：
功能/命令 | 物理卷管理 |卷组管理| 逻辑卷管理
扫描 | ------ -----pvscan | - vgscan | lvscan
建立 | ----------pvcreate | vgcreate | lvcreate
显示 | ---------pvdisplay | vgdisplay | lvdisplay
删除 | --------pvremove | vgremove | lvremove
扩展 | -------- ------------| vgextend | lvextend
缩小 | ---------------------| vgreduce | lvreduce
为避免实验之间互相冲突，请您自行还原虚拟机到最初始状态，并在虚拟机中添加两块新硬盘设备后开机，如图所示：

第1步：让新添加的两块硬盘设备支持LVM逻辑卷管理器技术：
[root@linuxprobe ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
Physical volume “/dev/sdb” successfully created
Physical volume “/dev/sdc” successfully created
第2步：把两块硬盘设备都加入到storage卷组中，然后查看下卷组的状态：
[root@linuxprobe ~]# vgcreate storage /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
Volume group “storage” successfully created
[root@linuxprobe ~]# vgdisplay
— Volume group —
VG Name storage
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 39.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 10238
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 10238 / 39.99 GiB
VG UUID KUeAMF-qMLh-XjQy-ArUo-LCQI-YF0o-pScxm1
………………省略部分输出信息………………
第3步：切割出一个约为150M的逻辑卷设备：
[root@linuxprobe ~]# lvcreate -n vo -l 37 storage
Logical volume “vo” created
[root@linuxprobe ~]# lvdisplay
— Logical volume —
LV Path /dev/storage/vo
LV Name vo
VG Name storage
LV UUID D09HYI-BHBl-iXGr-X2n4-HEzo-FAQH-HRcM2I
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2017-02-01 01:22:54 -0500
LV Status available

open 0

LV Size 148.00 MiB
Current LE 37
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto

• currently set to 8192
  Block device 253:2
  ………………省略部分输出信息………………
  第4步：把生成好的逻辑卷格式化后挂载使用：
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/storage/vo
  mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
  Filesystem label=
  OS type: Linux
  Block size=1024 (log=0)
  Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
  Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
  38000 inodes, 151552 blocks
  7577 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
  First data block=1
  Maximum filesystem blocks=33816576
  19 block groups
  8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
  2000 inodes per group
  Superblock backups stored on blocks:
  8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
  Allocating group tables: done
  Writing inode tables: done
  Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
  Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# mkdir /linuxprobe
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# mount /dev/storage/vo /linuxprobe
  第5步：查看挂载状态，并写入到配置文件永久生效：
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# df -h
  Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
  /dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 3.0G 15G 17% /
  devtmpfs 905M 0 905M 0% /dev
  tmpfs 914M 140K 914M 1% /dev/shm
  tmpfs 914M 8.8M 905M 1% /run
  tmpfs 914M 0 914M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
  /dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /media/cdrom
  /dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot
  /dev/mapper/storage-vo 145M 7.6M 138M 6% /linuxprobe
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# echo “/dev/storage/vo /linuxprobe ext4 defaults 0 0” >> /etc/fstab
  扩容逻辑卷;
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# umount /linuxprobe
  第1步：把上个实验中的逻辑卷vo扩展至290M：
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# lvextend -L 290M /dev/storage/vo
  Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 292.00 MiB
  Extending logical volume vo to 292.00 MiB
  Logical volume vo successfully resized
  第2步：检查磁盘完整性，重置硬盘容量：
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/storage/vo
  e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
  Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
  Pass 2: Checking directory structure
  Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
  Pass 4: Checking reference counts
  Pass 5: Checking group summary information
  /dev/storage/vo: 11/38000 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 10453/151552 blocks
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# resize2fs /dev/storage/vo
  resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
  Resizing the filesystem on /dev/storage/vo to 299008 (1k) blocks.
  The filesystem on /dev/storage/vo is now 299008 blocks long.
  第3步：重新挂载硬盘设备并查看挂载状态：
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# mount -a
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# df -h
  Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
  /dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 3.0G 15G 17% /
  devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /dev
  tmpfs 994M 80K 994M 1% /dev/shm
  tmpfs 994M 8.8M 986M 1% /run
  tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
  /dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /media/cdrom
  /dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot
  /dev/mapper/storage-vo 279M 2.1M 259M 1% /linuxprobe
  缩小逻辑卷:
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# umount /linuxprobe
  第1步：检查文件系统的完整性：
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/storage/vo
  e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
  Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
  Pass 2: Checking directory structure
  Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
  Pass 4: Checking reference counts
  Pass 5: Checking group summary information
  /dev/storage/vo: 11/74000 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 15507/299008 blocks
  第2步：把LV逻辑卷的容量减小到120M：
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# resize2fs /dev/storage/vo 120M
  resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
  Resizing the filesystem on /dev/storage/vo to 122880 (1k) blocks.
  The filesystem on /dev/storage/vo is now 122880 blocks long.
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# lvreduce -L 120M /dev/storage/vo
  WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 120.00 MiB
  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
  Do you really want to reduce vo? [y/n]: y
  Reducing logical volume vo to 120.00 MiB
  Logical volume vo successfully resized
  第3步：把文件系统重新挂载并查看系统状态：
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# mount -a
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# df -h
  Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
  /dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 3.0G 15G 17% /
  devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /dev
  tmpfs 994M 80K 994M 1% /dev/shm
  tmpfs 994M 8.8M 986M 1% /run
  tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
  /dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /media/cdrom
  /dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot
  /dev/mapper/storage-vo 113M 1.6M 103M 2% /linuxprobe
  逻辑卷快照:
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# vgdisplay
  — Volume group —
  VG Name storage
  System ID
  Format lvm2
  Metadata Areas 2
  Metadata Sequence No 4
  VG Access read/write
  VG Status resizable
  MAX LV 0
  Cur LV 1
  Open LV 1
  Max PV 0
  Cur PV 2
  Act PV 2
  VG Size 39.99 GiB
  PE Size 4.00 MiB
  Total PE 10238
  Alloc PE / Size 30 / 120.00 MiB Free PE / Size 10208 / 39.88 GiB
  VG UUID CTaHAK-0TQv-Abdb-R83O-RU6V-YYkx-8o2R0e
  ………………省略部分输出信息………………
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# echo “Welcome to Linuxprobe.com” > /linuxprobe/readme.txt
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# ls -l /linuxprobe
  total 14
  drwx------. 2 root root 12288 Feb 1 07:18 lost+found
  -rw-r–r--. 1 root root 26 Feb 1 07:38 readme.txt
  第1步：使用-s参数来生成一个快照卷，使用-L参数来指定切割的大小，另外要记得在后面写上这个快照是针对那个LV逻辑卷设备做的。
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# lvcreate -L 120M -s -n SNAP /dev/storage/vo
  Logical volume “SNAP” created
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# lvdisplay
  — Logical volume —
  LV Path /dev/storage/SNAP
  LV Name SNAP
  VG Name storage
  LV UUID BC7WKg-fHoK-Pc7J-yhSd-vD7d-lUnl-TihKlt
  LV Write Access read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2017-02-01 07:42:31 -0500
  LV snapshot status active destination for vo
  LV Status available

open 0

LV Size 120.00 MiB
Current LE 30
COW-table size 120.00 MiB
COW-table LE 30
Allocated to snapshot 0.01% #快照使用的百分比
Snapshot chunk size 4.00 KiB
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto

• currently set to 8192
  Block device 253:3
  ………………省略部分输出信息………………
  第2步：在LV设备卷所挂载的目录中创建一个100M的垃圾文件，这样再来看快照卷的状态就会发现使用率上升了：
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/linuxprobe/files count=1 bs=100M
  1+0 records in
  1+0 records out
  104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 3.35432 s, 31.3 MB/s
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# lvdisplay
  — Logical volume —
  LV Path /dev/storage/SNAP
  LV Name SNAP
  VG Name storage
  LV UUID BC7WKg-fHoK-Pc7J-yhSd-vD7d-lUnl-TihKlt
  LV Write Access read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2017-02-01 07:42:31 -0500
  LV snapshot status active destination for vo
  LV Status available

open 0

LV Size 120.00 MiB
Current LE 30
COW-table size 120.00 MiB
COW-table LE 30
Allocated to snapshot 83.71%
Snapshot chunk size 4.00 KiB
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto

• currently set to 8192
  Block device 253:3
  第3步：为了校验SNAP快照卷的效果，需要对逻辑卷进行快照合并还原操作，在这之前记得先卸载掉逻辑卷设备与目录的挂载~
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# umount /linuxprobe
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# lvconvert --merge /dev/storage/SNAP
  Merging of volume SNAP started.
  vo: Merged: 21.4%
  vo: Merged: 100.0%
  Merge of snapshot into logical volume vo has finished.
  Logical volume “SNAP” successfully removed
  第4步：快照卷会被自动删除掉，并且刚刚在逻辑卷设备被快照后再创建出来的100M垃圾文件也被清除了：
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# mount -a
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# ls /linuxprobe/
  lost+found readme.txt
  删除逻辑卷:
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# umount /linuxprobe
  [root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/fstab

#/etc/fstab
#Created by anaconda on Fri Feb 19 22:08:59 2017

#Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk’
#See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 1 1
UUID=50591e35-d47a-4aeb-a0ca-1b4e8336d9b1 /boot xfs defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom iso9660 defaults 0 0
/dev/storage/vo /linuxprobe ext4 defaults 0 0
第2步：把LV逻辑卷设备删除，需要手工输入y来确认操作：
[root@linuxprobe ~]# lvremove /dev/storage/vo
Do you really want to remove active logical volume vo? [y/n]: y
Logical volume “vo” successfully removed
第3步：把VG卷组删除，此处只需写卷组名称即可，而无需设备完整绝对路径：
[root@linuxprobe ~]# vgremove storage
Volume group “storage” successfully removed
第4步：把PV物理卷设备移除：
[root@linuxprobe ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
Labels on physical volume “/dev/sdb” successfully wiped
Labels on physical volume “/dev/sdc” successfully wiped