C 语法 - 09_字符串处理函数

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已于 2023-04-22 22:12:54 修改
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分类专栏： C语法详解文章标签： c语言开发语言
于 2023-01-08 14:18:40 首次发布
本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_50920631/article/details/128600970
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// string.cpp : 此文件包含 "main" 函数。程序执行将在此处开始并结束。
//
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

//strlen 测量字符串长度，返回字符串的实际长度
void test01()
{
	char str[128] = "hello";
	printf("%d\n", strlen(str));

}

//strcpy 字符串拷贝函数， 返回拷贝后的新的字符串首地址
void test02()
{
	char dst[128] = "";
	char src[] = "hello\0world";
	strcpy(dst, src);
	printf("%s\n", dst);

	char dst1[] = "";
	char src1[] = "helloworld";
	//char* ss = strcpy(dst1, src1);     //error  拷贝越界
	//printf("%s\n", dst1);

	char dst2[128] = "";
	char src2[] = "hello world";
	strncpy(dst2, src2, 3);
	printf("%s\n", dst2);

}

//strcat 字符串追加函数， 返回拷贝后的新的字符串首地址
void test03()
{
	char dst[128] = "hello";
	char src[] = "world";
	strcat(dst, src);
	printf("%s\n", dst);

	char dst1[128] = "hello";
	char src1[] = "world";
	strncat(dst1, src1, 2);
	printf("%s\n", dst1);

}

//strcmp 字符串比较函数
void test04()
{
	char s1[128] = "";
	char s2[128] = "";

	printf("请输入第一个字符串：");
	scanf("%s", s1);

	printf("请输入第二个字符串：");
	scanf("%s", s2);

	//if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0) printf("%s 等于 %s\n", s1, s2);
	//else if (strcmp(s1, s2) > 0) printf("%s 大于 %s\n", s1, s2);
	//else if (strcmp(s1, s2) < 0) printf("%s 小于 %s\n", s1, s2);

	printf("请输入需要比较的字符个数：");
	int n = 0;
	scanf("%d", &n);
	if (strncmp(s1, s2, n) == 0) printf("两字符串的前%d个字符， %s 等于 %s\n", n, s1, s2);
	else if (strncmp(s1, s2, n) > 0) printf("两字符串的前%d个字符， %s 大于 %s\n", n, s1, s2);
	else if (strncmp(s1, s2, n) < 0) printf("两字符串的前%d个字符， %s 小于 %s\n", n, s1, s2);

}

//strchr 字符查找函数，成功返回查找到的字符地址，失败返回NULL。
void test05()
{
	char str[] = "hello world";

	char* ret = strchr(str, 'o');
	if (ret != NULL) printf("%s\n", ret);

	char* ret1 = strrchr(str, 'o');
	if (ret != NULL) printf("%s\n", ret1);

}

//strstr 字符串查找函数，成功返回查找到的字符串首元素地址，失败返回NULL。
void test06()
{
	char str[] = "https://blog.csdn.net/tan.888/tan.666/tan.yw/tan.688";
	printf("%s\n", str);

	char* ret1 = str;
	while (1)
	{
		ret1 = strstr(ret1, "tan");
		if (ret1 == NULL) break;

		//memset(ret1, '*', strlen("tan"));

		char strCp[] = "@$&%";
		strncpy(ret1, strCp, 3);
	}
	printf("%s\n", str);

}

//atoi atol atoll atof 字符串转数值
void test07()
{
	printf("%d\n", atoi("100ab"));
	printf("%ld\n", atol("100ab"));
	printf("%ld\n", atoll("100ab"));
	printf("%f\n", atof("100ab"));

}

//strtok 字符串切割函数，成功返回切割出来的字符串首元素地址，失败返回NULL。第一个形参，第一次切割传字符串首元素地址，后续切割传NULL。
void test08()
{
	char str[] = "aa,ff,ss,gg,ee,hh,rr";
	char* buf[30] = { str };

	int i = 0;

	while ((buf[i] = strtok(buf[i], ",")) && ++i);
	//while (1)
	//{
	//	buf[i] = strtok(buf[i], ",");
	//	if (buf[i] == NULL) break;

	//	i++;
	//}

	i = 0;
	while (buf[i] != NULL)
	{
		printf("%s\n", buf[i]);
		i++;
	}

}

//手机短信解析案例
int msg_deal(char* msg_src, char* msg_done[], char* str)
{
	//int i = 0;
	//msg_done[i] = strtok(msg_src, str);
	//while (msg_done[i] != NULL)
	//{
	//	i++;
	//	msg_done[i] = strtok(NULL, str);
	//}

	int i = 0;
	msg_done[i] = strtok(msg_src, str);
	if (msg_done[i] == NULL) return i;

	while (++i && (msg_done[i] = strtok(NULL, str)));

	return i;

}
void test09()
{
	char msg_src[] = "+CMGR:REC UNREAD,+8618806640042,23/01/06,17:40:00+00,ABCDFEG";

	char* msg_done[30] = { NULL };
	int num = 0;
	num = msg_deal(msg_src, msg_done, (char*)",");

	printf("字符串的数量：%d\n", num);

	//for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
	//{
	//	printf("%s\n", msg_done[i]);
	//}

	int i = 0;
	while (msg_done[i] != NULL)
	{
		printf("%s\n", msg_done[i++]);
	}

}

//atoi封装函数
int my_atoi(char* buf)
{
	int my_int = 0;

	//int i = 0;
	//while (buf[i] >= '0' && buf[i] <= '9')
	//{
	//	my_int = my_int * 10 + (buf[i++] - '0');
	//}

	while (*buf >= '0' && *buf <= '9')
	{
		my_int = my_int * 10 + (*(buf++) - '0');
	}

	return my_int;

}
void test10()
{
	char str[] = "123a45abc";

	printf("%d\n", my_atoi(str));

}

//sprintf 组包函数，将零散数据按固定格式，组成字符串。返回实际组包的长度。
void test11()
{
	int year = 2023;
	int month = 1;
	int day = 8;

	char buf[128] = "";
	int len = sprintf(buf, "%d年%d月%d日\n", year, month, day);

	printf("%d %s", len, buf);

}

//sscanf 解包函数，将一串字符串按固定的格式提取出数据信息。
void test12()
{
	char buf[128] = "2023年 01月08日";
	int year = 0;
	int month = 0;
	int day = 0;

	sscanf(buf, "%d年%d月%d日", &year, &month, &day);   //%d提取字符 '0' ~ '9'
	printf("%d %d %d\n", year, month, day);

	char msg[128] = "";
	sscanf(buf, "%s", msg);            //%s遇到 '\0' 空格 回车 结束
	printf("%s\n", msg);

}

//跳过数据 %*d %*s
void test13()
{
	char buf[128] = "";
	sscanf("123:::456", "%*d:%s", buf);
	printf("%s\n", buf);

}

//读取指定宽度数据 %3d %3s
void test14()
{
	int num = 0;
	char buf[128] = "";

	sscanf("12345678", "%*2d %2d %*c %2s", &num, buf);
	printf("%d %s\n", num, buf);

}

//%[a-z] %[abc] %[a, c] %[^ab] 尽可能多的匹配区域字符
void test15()
{
	char buf[128] = "";
	char buf1[128] = "";
	sscanf("abcABCfg123", "%[a-d, A-B, C, fg]", buf);
	sscanf("abcABCfg123", "%[^ABc]", buf1);            //%[^ab]非，遇到结束匹配

	printf("%s\n", buf);
	printf("%s\n", buf1);

}

//综合案例1
void test16()
{
	char buf[128] = "[02:04.96][00:36.08]你好啊！";

	char* str1 = buf;
	//while ((strncmp(str1, "[", 1) == 0) && (str1 += 10));
	while ((*str1 == '[') && (str1 += 10));

	char* time = buf;
	while (*time == '[')
	{
		int fen = 0, miao = 0;

		sscanf(time, "[%d:%d", &fen, &miao);
		printf("时间%d秒说：%s\n", fen * 60 + miao, str1);

		time += 10;
	}

}

//综合案例2
void test17()
{
	char buf[128] = "tanyouwen@qq.com";
	char name[128] = "";
	char log[128] = "";

	sscanf(buf, "%[^@]@%[^.]", name, log);
	printf("name = %s, log = %s\n", name, log);

}

//综合案例3
void test18()
{
	char buf[] = "+CMGR:REC UNREAD,+8618806640042,23/01/06,17:40:06+00,ABCDFEG";
	char* msg[32] = { buf };

	int i = 0;
	while ((msg[i] = strtok(msg[i], ",")) && (++i));

	//msg[0] = "+CMGR:REC UNREAD";
	char status[128] = "";
	sscanf(msg[0], "%*s %s", status);
	printf("短信读取状态为：%s\n", status);

	//msg[1] = "+8618806640042";
	//char num[128] = "";
	//sscanf(msg[1] + 3, "%s", num);
	//printf("手机号码为：%s\n", num);
	printf("手机号码为：%s\n", msg[1] + 3);

	//msg[2] = "23/01/06";
	int year = 0, month = 0, day = 0;
	sscanf(msg[2], "%d/%d/%d", &year, &month, &day);
	printf("日期：%d年%02d月%02d日\n", year + 2000, month, day);

	//msg[3] = "17:40:06+00";
	int shi = 0, fen = 0, miao = 0;
	sscanf(msg[3], "%d:%d:%d", &shi, &fen, &miao);
	printf("时间为：%02d时%02d分%02d秒\n", shi, fen, miao);

	//msg[4] = "ABCDFEG";
	printf("短信内容为：%s\n", msg[4]);

}

//const 修饰为只读
void test19()
{
	const int num = 10;         //const 修饰普通变量，为只读
	//num = 20;   //error

	const int* p = NULL;       //const 修饰 *，*p 为只读
	//*p = 100;     //error
	p = &num;
	printf("*p = %d\n", *p);

	int mum1 = 20;
	int* const p1 = &mum1;      //const 修饰 指针变量，p1 为只读
	//p1 = NULL;    //error
	*p1 = 30;
	printf("*p1 = %d\n", *p1);

	const int* const p2 = &mum1;   //const 修饰 * 指针变量，p2 *p2 为只读
	//p2 = NULL;    //error
	//*p2 = 40;     //error
	printf("*p2 = %d\n", *p2);


}

int main()
{
	test19();

}