C 语法 - 07_指针详解

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已于 2023-04-22 21:49:08 修改
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分类专栏： C语法详解文章标签： c语言开发语言
于 2023-01-08 14:21:05 首次发布
本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_50920631/article/details/128600992
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// zhizheng.cpp : 此文件包含 "main" 函数。程序执行将在此处开始并结束。
//

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>


void test01()
{
	printf("%lu\n", sizeof(char*));
	printf("%lu\n", sizeof(short*));
	printf("%lu\n", sizeof(int*));
	printf("%lu\n", sizeof(long*));
	printf("%lu\n", sizeof(float*));
	printf("%lu\n", sizeof(double*));
	printf("%lu\n", sizeof(int*******));

}

void test02()
{
	int num = 10;
	int* p;

	p = &num;

	printf("p = %p\n", p);
	printf("&num = %p\n", &num);

	printf("*p = %d\n", *p);
	printf("num = %d\n", num);
}


void test03()
{
	int num = 0x01020304;
	int* p1 = &num;
	short* p2 = (short*)& num;
	char* p3 = (char*)& num;

	printf("%#x\n", *p1);
	printf("%#x\n", *p2);
	printf("%#x\n", *p3);

	printf("%#x\n", *(p1 + 1));
	printf("%#x\n", *(p2 + 1));
	printf("%#x\n", *(p3 + 1));
}


void test04()
{
	int* p1 = NULL;
	printf("p1 = %p\n", p1);
	printf("p1 = %p\n", p1 + 1);

	short* p2 = NULL;
	printf("p2 = %p\n", p2);
	printf("p2 = %p\n", p2 + 1);

	char* p3 = NULL;
	printf("p3 = %p\n", p3);
	printf("p3 = %p\n", p3 + 1);
}

void test05()
{
	int num = 0x01020304;
	short* p1 = (short*)& num;
	printf("p1 = %#x\n", *(p1 + 1));

	char* p2 = (char*)& num;
	printf("p2 = %#x\n", *(p2 + 2));

	char* p3 = (char*)& num;
	printf("p4 = %#x\n", *(short*)(p3 + 1));
}

void test06()
{
	int num = 0;
	int* p = &num;

	//scanf("%d", &num);
	scanf("%d", p);
	printf("num = %d\n", num);

	*p = 100;
	printf("num = %d\n", num);

	(*p)++;    //*p = *p + 1;	
	printf("num = %d\n", num);
}

void test07()
{
	void* p = NULL;
	printf("p = %p\n", p);
	printf("p = %d\n", sizeof(p));

	int num = 10;
	void* p1 = &num;

	short data = 20;
	printf("p1 = %p\n", p1);
	printf("*p1 = %d\n", *(char*)p1);
	printf("*p1 = %d\n", *(short*)p1);
	printf("*p1 = %d\n", *(int*)p1);
}

//数组元素的指针变量 p
void test08()
{
	int arr[5] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
	int* p;
	p = arr;  //arr == &arr[0];
	p = &arr[2];

	//通过指针来操作数组的对应元素
	printf("*p = %d\n", *p);
	printf("*p-1 = %d\n", *(p - 1));
	printf("*p+1 = %d\n", *(p + 1));
	printf("*arr+1 = %d\n", *(arr + 1));

	//通过指针来遍历数组的元素
	int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		printf("%d ", arr[i]);
	}
	printf("\n");

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		printf("%d ", *(arr + i));
	}
	printf("\n");

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		printf("%d ", i[arr]);
	}
	printf("\n");

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		printf("%d ", *(p + i));
	}
	printf("\n");

	printf("arr[1] = %d\n", arr[1]);
	printf("*(arr + 1) = %d\n", *(arr + 1));
	printf("*(1 + arr) = %d\n", *(1 + arr));
	printf("1[arr] = %d\n", 1[arr]);

	//arr == &arr[0];//?
	//&arr[0] == &*(arr + 0) == arr;
}

//字符串的指针变量
void test09()
{
	char str1[128] = "Hello World";
	const char* str2 = "Hello World";

	printf("%d\n", sizeof(str1));
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(str2));

	printf("%s\n", str1);
	printf("%s\n", str2);

	str1[6] = 'w';
	//str2[6] = 'w';  //error
	printf("%c\n", str1[6]);
	printf("%c\n", str2[6]);
}

//指针数组
void test10()
{
	char* arr1[5];
	short* arr2[5];
	int* arr3[5];

	printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr1));
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr2));
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr3));

	//1.数值的指针数组
	int num1 = 10, num2 = 20, num3 = 30, num4 = 40;
	int* arr[4] = { &num1, &num2, &num3, &num4 };
	int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

	//通过指针数组来操作数组每个元素地址所对应的值
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		printf("%d ", *arr[i]);
	}
	printf("\n");

	//2.字符的指针数组
	const char* str[4] = { "hahaha", "hehehe", "lalala", "yiyiyi" };
	int m = sizeof(str) / sizeof(str[0]);
	for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
	{
		printf("%s ", str[i]);
	}
	printf("\n");

	char* str1[4];          //str1是指针数组，存放的是每个字符串的首元素地址
	char str2[4][128];      //str2是二维字符数组，存放的是每个字符串
}

//数组指针
void test11()
{
	int arr[5] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };

	printf("arr = %u\n", arr);
	printf("arr + 1 = %u\n", arr + 1);
	printf("&arr = %u\n", &arr);
	printf("&arr + 1 = %u\n", &arr + 1);

	int(*p1)[5] = NULL;
	printf("%lu\n", sizeof(p1));
	printf("p1 = %u\n", p1);
	printf("p1 + 1 = %u\n", p1 + 1);

	//通过数组指针来操作数组中元素的值
	int(*p)[5] = &arr;
	printf("arr[2] = %d\n", *(*p + 2));
	printf("%d\n", *((int*)(p + 1) - 2));
	p == &arr;
	*p == arr;
	arr[2] == *(arr + 2) == *(*p + 2) == *(*(p + 0) + 2) == *(p[0] + 2) == p[0][2];

}

void test12()
{
	int arr[3][4] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 };
	int row = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
	int col = sizeof(arr[0]) / sizeof(arr[0][0]);

	int* p = &arr[0][0];

	for (int i = 0; i < row * col; i++)
	{
		printf("%d ", p[i]);
	}
	printf("\n");

}

//指针变量作为函数的参数
void set_data(int* p);
void test13()
{
	int num = 0;
	set_data(&num);

	printf("%d\n", num);

}
void set_data(int* p)
{
	*p = 100;
}

//数组作为函数的参数
void printf_int_array(int* p, int n);
void test14()
{
	int arr[5] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
	int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

	printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr));

	printf_int_array(arr, n);
}
void printf_int_array(int* p, int n)
{
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(p));

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		printf("%d ", p[i]);
	}
	printf("\n");

}

//求数组最大值和最小值
void input_int_array(int* p, int n)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		scanf("%d", p + i);
	}

}
void get_max_min_data(int* p, int* max, int* min, int n)
{
	*max = *min = p[0];
	for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
	{
		if (*max < p[i])
		{
			*max = p[i];
		}
		else if (*min > p[i])
		{
			*min = p[i];
		}
	}
}
void test15()
{
	int arr[5] = { 0 };

	int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

	input_int_array(arr, n);

	int max = 0, min = 0;
	get_max_min_data(arr, &max, &min, n);

	printf("max = %d, min = %d\n", max, min);
}

//数组元素值向前进1
void my_fun(int* p)
{
	p[0] = p[1];
}
void test16()
{
	int arr[5] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
	int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

	for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
	{
		my_fun(arr + i);
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		printf("%d ", arr[i]);
	}
	printf("\n");
}

//二维数组作为函数的参数
void printf_int_two_array(int(*arr)[4], int row, int col)
{
	printf("sizeof(arr) = %lu\n", sizeof(arr));

	for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
			//printf("%d ", arr[i][j]);
			printf("%d ", *(*(arr + i) + j));
		}
		printf("\n");
	}

}

void test17()
{
	int arr[3][4] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 };
	int row = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
	int col = sizeof(arr[0]) / sizeof(arr[0][0]);

	printf("sizeof(arr) = %d\n", sizeof(arr));
	printf_int_two_array(arr, row, col);

}

//函数的返回值为指针类型
int* get_addr()
{
	static int num = 10;
	return &num;

}
void test18()
{
	int* p = NULL;
	p = get_addr();

	printf("*p = %d\n", *p);

}

void get_addr(int** q)
{
	static int num = 20;
	//q = &p;
	//*q = p;
	//p = &num;
	*q = &num;

}
void test19()
{
	int* p = NULL;
	get_addr(&p);

	printf("*p = %d\n", *p);

}

//函数指针
int my_add(int x, int y)
{
	return x + y;
}
void test20()
{
	int (*p)(int, int) = NULL;
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(p));

	p = my_add;
	(**********printf)("%d\n", (*********p)(10, 30));
}

//函数指针类型
void test21()
{
	typedef int (*FUN_TYPE)(int, int);
	FUN_TYPE p = my_add;

	printf("%d\n", sizeof(p));
	(**********printf)("%d\n", (*********p)(10, 30));
}

void test22()
{
	printf("%#x\n", my_add);

	//int ret = my_add(10, 20);
	int ret = ((int (*)(int, int))0x831424)(10, 20);
	printf("%d\n", ret);

}

//函数指针作为函数的参数
int my_sub(int x, int y)
{
	return x - y;
}

int my_mul(int x, int y)
{
	return x * y;
}

int my_div(int x, int y)
{
	return x / y;
}

int my_calc(int a, int b, int (*func)(int, int))
{
	return func(a, b);
}

void test23()
{
	printf("%d\n", my_calc(40, 20, my_add));
	printf("%d\n", my_calc(40, 20, my_sub));
	printf("%d\n", my_calc(40, 20, my_mul));
	printf("%d\n", my_calc(40, 20, my_div));

}

//函数指针数组
void test24()
{
	const char* cmd_buf[] = { "add", "sub", "mul", "div" };
	int n = sizeof(cmd_buf) / sizeof(cmd_buf[0]);

	int (*fun_arr[])(int, int) = { my_add, my_sub , my_mul , my_div };

	while (1)
	{
		printf("请输入计算格式：add 10 20:");
		char cmd[16] = "";
		scanf("%s", cmd);
		if (!strcmp(cmd, "quit"))
			break;

		int data1 = 0, data2 = 0;
		scanf("%d %d", &data1, &data2);

		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			if (!strcmp(cmd_buf[i], cmd))
			{
				//printf("结果：%d\n", my_calc(data1, data2, fun_arr[i]));
				printf("结果：%d\n", fun_arr[i](data1, data2));
				break;
			}
		}

	}

}

void test25()
{
	int arr[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };     //int类型一维数组
	int* p = arr;                       //数组元素的指针变量

	char str1[128] = "Hello world";        //字符数组，保存的每个元素为字符

	const char* str2 = "Hello world";      //字符串指针变量，保存的是字符串的首元素地址

	//指针数组,数组的每个元素为指针
	int* arr1[3] = { (int*)10, (int*)20, (int*)30 };             //数值的指针数组，每个元素为int*

	const char* arr2[4] = { "aa", "bb", "cc", "dd" };            //字符指针数组，每个元素为char*

	char arr3[4][128] = { "aa", "bb", "cc", "dd" };              //二维字符数组，每个元素为字符串

	//数组指针，保存的是数组的首地址
	int arr4[3][5];           //二维数组
	int(*p1)[5] = &arr;       //一维数组指针	
	p1 = arr4;                //二维数组名和一维数组指针完全等价

	//指针变量作为函数的参数
	void func1(int* p);

	//一维数组作为函数的参数，n维数组等价于n-1维的数组指针
	void func2(int p[]);
	void func2(int *p);

	//二维数组作为函数的参数，n维数组等价于n-1维的数组指针
	void func3(int p[5][3]);
	void func3(int(*p)[3]);

	//函数指针
	int (*func4)(int, int) = NULL;
	func4 = my_add;

	//函数指针类型
	typedef int (*FUNC4)(int, int);
	FUNC4 func5 = my_add;

	//函数指针作为函数参数
	int my_func(int a, int b, int (*p)(int, int));


}

int main()
{
	test24();

	return 0;
}