指针应用
应用场景一
交换两个变量大的值
#include <stdio.h>
void swap(int *a, int *b) { //传入地址---用指针
int temp;
temp = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = temp;
}
int main() {
int a, b;
scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);
swap(&a, &b); //实现两个值交换
printf("%d %d\n", a, b);
return 0;
}
应用场景二
函数返回多个值,某些值就只能通过指针返回
传入的值实际上时是要保存带回的结果的变量;
#include <stdio.h>
void _min_max(int a[], int len, int *min, int *max) {
*max = a[0];
*min = a[0];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (a[i] <= *min) *min = a[i];
if (a[i] >= *max) *max = a[i];
}
}
int main() {
int a[] = {0, 12, 4, 5, 6 ,8, 12, 34, 2, 34, 11};
int min, max;
_min_max(a, (sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0])), &min, &max);
printf ("min =%d , max = %d\n", min, max);
return 0;
}
函数返回运算状态,结果通过指针返回;
常用套路是 让函数返回特殊的不属于有效范围的值;
#include <stdio.h>
int div(int a, int b, int *re) {
int ret = 1;
if (b == 0) ret = 0; // b 为0时停止运算;
else {
*re = a / b;
}
return ret; //结果将一直返回1;
}
int main() {
int a, b;
int c;
scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);
if (div(a, b, &c)) printf("%d / %d = %d\n", a, b, div(a, b, &c)); // div 条件成立时,继续向下打印;
return 0;
}
定义指针后一定要对指针初始化, 未初始化访问变量无意义;
指针与数组
函数参数表中的数组实际是指针,szieof(a) == sizeof(int *);
可以用数组的运算符([ ])运算;
数组变量是特殊的指针(数组变量本身表达地址);
数组变量是const 的地址,所以不能被赋值;
#include <stdio.h>
void _min_max(int *a, int len, int *min, int *max) {
*max = a[0];
*min = a[0];
printf("_min_max : sizeof(a) = %lu\n", sizeof(a));
a[0] =1000;
printf ("_min_max a = %p\n", a);
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (a[i] <= *min) *min = a[i];
if (a[i] >= *max) *max = a[i];
}
}
int main() {
int a[] = {0, 12, 4, 5, 6 ,8, 12, 34, 2, 34, 11};
printf("main sizeof(a) = %lu", sizeof(a));
int min, max;
_min_max(a, (sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0])), &min, &max);
printf ("min =%d , max = %d\n", min, max);
printf (" main a = %p\n", a);
printf(" main a[0] = %d\n", a[0]);
printf(" main a[5] = %d\n", a[5]);
int *p = &min;
printf("*p = %d\n", *p);
printf("p[0] = %d\n", p[0]);
return 0;
}
main sizeof(a) = 44_min_max : sizeof(a) = 8
_min_max a = 0x7ffced39a4e0
min =0 , max = 1000
main a = 0x7ffced39a4e0
main a[0] = 1000
main a[5] = 8
*p = 0
p[0] = 0
指针与const
const 在 * 前 — 它所指的的变量不能被改变;
const 在 * 后---- 指针不能被修改;