面试题——单例模式

• 单例模式的五种实现方式。
• 了解JDK中哪些地方体现了单例模式。
  • Runtime类（饿汉式）、System类（双检锁-懒汉式）、Collections工具类。可到idea中查看源码。

饿汉式

package com.jie.singleton;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * @Author 小杰
 * @Date 2022/5/16 15:10
 * @Version 1.0
 * 饿汉式
 */
public class Singleton1 implements Serializable {
    private Singleton1(){
        if (INSTANCE!=null){
            throw new RuntimeException("单例模式不能重复创建对象");
        }
        System.out.println("private Singleton1()...");
    }
    private static final Singleton1 INSTANCE=new Singleton1();
    public static Singleton1 getInstance(){
        return INSTANCE;
    }
    public static void otherMethod(){
        System.out.println("otherMethod()...");
    }
    public Object readResolve(){
        return INSTANCE;
    }
}

package com.jie.singleton;

/**
 * @Author 小杰
 * @Date 2022/5/16 15:34
 * @Version 1.0
 * 枚举饿汉式。
 */
public enum Singleton2 {
    /**
     * 单例对象
     */
    INSTANCE;

    Singleton2() {
        System.out.println("Singleton2 ...");
    }

    public static Singleton2 getInstance() {
        return INSTANCE;
    }
    public static void otherMethod(){
        System.out.println("otherMethod()...");
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return getClass().getName()+"@"+Integer.toHexString(hashCode());
    }
}

懒汉式

package com.jie.singleton;

/**
 * @Author 小杰
 * @Date 2022/5/16 15:46
 * @Version 1.0
 * 懒汉式单例
 */
public class Singleton3 {
    private static  Singleton3 INSTANCE=null;
    private Singleton3(){
        if (INSTANCE!=null){
            throw new RuntimeException("单例模式不能重复创建对象");
        }
        System.out.println("private Singleton1()...");
    }

    /**
     * 加synchronized解决线程安全问题。
     * @return
     */
    public static synchronized Singleton3 getInstance(){
        if (INSTANCE==null){
            INSTANCE=new Singleton3();
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }
    public static void otherMethod(){
        System.out.println("otherMethod()...");
    }

}

package com.jie.singleton;

/**
 * @Author 小杰
 * @Date 2022/5/16 16:03
 * @Version 1.0
 * 懒汉式-DCL
 */
public class Singleton4 {
    //可见性、有序性。
    public static volatile Singleton4 INSTANCE=null;
    private Singleton4(){
        System.out.println("private Singleton4()...");
    }
    public static Singleton4 getInstance(){
        if (INSTANCE==null){
            synchronized (Singleton4.class){
                if (INSTANCE==null){
                    INSTANCE=new Singleton4();
                }
            }
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }
    public static void otherMethod(){
        System.out.println("otherMethod()...");
    }
}

package com.jie.singleton;

/**
 * @Author 小杰
 * @Date 2022/5/16 16:26
 * @Version 1.0
 * 懒汉式-内部类方式
 */
public class Singleton5 {
    private Singleton5(){
        System.out.println("private Singleton5()...");
    }
    private static class Holder{
static Singleton5 INSTANCE=new Singleton5();
    }
    public static Singleton5 getInstance(){
        return Holder.INSTANCE;
    }
    public static void otherMethod(){
        System.out.println("otherMethod()...");
    }
}

参考

单例模式详解