文章目录
前言
public class ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V>
implements ConcurrentMap <K,V>, Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 7249069246763182397L;
...
}
一、官方解释
该哈希表的主要设计目标是保持并发可读性(通常是方法get()，但也包括迭代器和相关方法)，同时最小化更新争用。次要目标是保持与java.util相同或更好的空间消耗。HashMap，并支持多个线程在空表上的高初始插入速率这个映射通常充当一个binned
(bucket)哈希表。每个键值映射保存在一个Node中。大多数节点都是具有散列、键、值和下一个字段的基本Node类的实例。然而，存在各种子类:TreeNodes以平衡树的形式排列，而不是列表。treebin持有treenode集合的根。在调整大小的过程中，转发节点被放置在容器的头部。当在computelfAbsent和相关方法中建立值时，ReservationNodes被用作占位符。TreeBin、ForwardingNode和ReservationNode类型不持有普通的用户键、值或哈希值，并且在搜索等过程中很容易区分，因为它们有负哈希字段和空kev和值字段。(这些特殊的淋巴结不是不常见就是短暂的。因此，携带一些未使用的字段的影响是微不足道的。)表在第一次输入时被惰性地初始化为2的幂。表中的每个bin通常包含一个节点列表(通常，列表中只有0或1个节点)。表访问需要volatile/atomic读、写和case。因为没有其他方法来安排这个而不添加进一步的间接，我们使用intrinsics
(sun.misc.Unsafe)操作。出于控制目的，我们使用Node哈希字段的顶部(符号)位由于寻址约束，它无论如何都是可用的。具有负哈希字段的节点在map方法中被特别处理或忽略将finst节点插入(通过put或其变体)到空的bin中，只需将其插入到bin中即可。这是到目前为止在大多数键/散列分布下放置操作最常见的情况。其他更新操作(插入、删除和替换)需要锁。我们不想浪费将一个不同的锁obiect与每个bin关联所需的空间，因此使用bin列表本身的第一个节点作为锁。这些锁的锁定支持依赖于内置的“同步”监视器使用列表的第一个节点作为锁本身是不够的:当一个节点被锁定时，任何更新必须首先验证它仍然是锁定后的第一个节点，如果不是，则重试。因为新节点总是被添加到列表中，所以一旦一个节点位于bin中的第一个节点，它将一直是第一个节点，直到删除或bin失效(在调整大小后)。
每个bin锁的主要缺点是，受相同锁保护的bin列表中其他节点上的其他更新操作可能会停止，例如当user
equals()或映射函数需要很长时间时。然而，从统计学上讲，在随机哈希码下，这不是一个常见的问题。理想情况下，bin中的节点频率遵循泊松分布(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson分布)，其参数平均约为0.5，给定的调整大小阈值为0.75，尽管由于调整粒度而存在很大的差异。忽略方差，列表大小k的预期出现次数为(exp(-0.5)
- pow(0.5, k) / factorial(k))。
第一个值是
0: 0.60653066
1: 0.30326533
2: 0.07581633
3: 0.01263606
4: 0.00157952
5: 0.00015795
6: 0.00001316
7: 0.00000094
8: 0.00000006
more: less than 1 in ten million 在随机哈希值下，两个线程访问不同元素的锁争用概率大约为1/(8 * #元素)。实际的哈希码分布在实践中有时会严重偏离均匀随机性。这包括n>(1<<30)的情况，所以一些键必须碰撞。类似地，对于愚蠢或恶意的使用，多个键被设计为具有相同的哈希码，或仅在掩码高位上不同的键。所以我们使用一个二级策略，当一个bin中的节点数量超过a时应用阈值。这些TreeBins使用平衡树节点(“红-黑”树的特殊形式),边界搜索时间O
(log N)。每个搜索一步TreeBin至少两倍慢在一个常规列表,但是鉴于N不能超过(1 < <
64)(地址),这个边界搜索步骤,锁住,等,到合理的常量(最坏情况下，每个操作检查大约100个节点)，只要键是Comparable(这很常见——String,
long等)。TreeBin节点(TreeNodes)也维护与普通节点相同的“next”遍历指针，因此可以以同样的方式在迭代器中遍历。
当入住率超过某个百分比阈值(名义上是0.75，但见下文)时，表格会调整大小。在初始化的线程分配和设置替换数组之后，任何注意到容器已满的线程都可以帮助调整大小。然而，这些其他线程可能会继续执行插入等操作，而不是停止。使用treebin可以让我们在调整尺寸的过程中免受烤箱填充的最坏情况的影响。调整大小的过程是一个接一个地将容器从表转移到下一个表。但是，在这样做之前，线程会请求一小块索引来传输(通过字段transferIndex)，从而减少争用。字段sizectl中的生成标记确保调整大小不会重叠。因为我们使用的是2的幂展开，所以每个箱子中的元素要么保持相同的索引，要么以2的幂移动偏移量。通过捕捉旧节点可以重用，因为它们的下一个字段不会改变的情况，我们消除了不必要的节点创建。平均而言，当表翻倍时，只有大约六分之一的表需要克隆。它们所替换的节点一旦不再被任何可能正在并发遍历表的读线程引用，就可以被垃圾回收。在传输时，旧表bin只包含一个特殊的转发节点(哈希字段“MOVED”)，它包含下一个表作为其键。当遇到转发节点时，访问和更新操作重启，使用新表。
每个仓传输都需要它的仓锁，这可能会在调整大小时暂停等待锁。然而，因为其他线程可以加入并帮助调整大小，而不是争夺锁，所以平均聚合等待随着调整大小的进展变得更短。传输操作还必须确保旧表和新表中所有可访问的容器都可以用于任何遍历。这部分是通过从最后一个箱子(表)进行安排的。长度-
1)向上朝向第一个。在看到转发节点时，遍历(参见类traverse)安排移动到新表，而不重新访问节点。为了确保没有中间的节点被跳过，即使移动的顺序不对，在遍历过程中第一次遇到转发节点时会创建一个堆栈(参见类Tablestack)，以便在以后处理当前表时维护其位置。对这些保存/恢复机制的需求相对较少，但当遇到一个转发节点时，通常会遇到更多。因此，遍历器使用一个简单的缓存方案来避免创建这么多新的Tablestack节点。(感谢Peter
Levart在这里建议使用堆栈。)
遍历模式也适用于容器范围的部分遍历(通过一个备用遍历构造函数)支持分区聚合操作。此外，如果将只读操作转发到空表，则会放弃只读操作，这为关闭式清除提供了支持，但目前还没有实现延迟表初始化使内存占用最小，直到第一次使用，并且还避免了在第一次操作来自putAll、带map参数的构造函数或反序列化时调整大小。这些情况试图覆盖初始容量设置，但无害地在比赛情况下无效。
使用LongAdder的专门化来维护元素计数。为了访问导致创建多个CounterCells的隐式争用感知，我们需要整合专门化而不是仅仅使用LongAdder。计数器机制避免了更新时的争用，但如果在并发访问期间读得太频繁，就会遇到缓存抖动。为了避免频繁读取，只有在添加到已经拥有两个或多个节点的存储库时，才会尝试在争用下调整大小。在均匀哈希分布下，阈值出现这种情况的概率约为13%，这意味着只有1/8的人设置检查阈值(在调整大小后，更少的人这样做)。
treebin使用一种特殊形式的比较来进行搜索和相关操作(这是我们不能使用TreeMaps等现有集合的主要原因)。treebin包含Comparable元素，但也可能包含其他元素，以及对于相同的T具有Comparable但不一定具有Comparable的元素，因此不能在它们之间调用compareTo。为了处理这个问题，树主要是按散列值排序，然后按Comparable排序。如适用，订购。在节点上查找时，如果元素不具有可比性或作为e进行比较，那么在绑定散列值的情况下，可能需要搜索左子节点和右子节点。(这对应于如果所有元素都是非comparable且具有绑定散列，则需要进行完整列表搜索。)在插入时，为了在重新平衡中保持总的顺序(或尽可能接近这里需要的顺序)，我们将类和identityHashCodes作为tie-breakers比较。红黑平衡代码是从pre-jdk-collections更新的（http://gee.cs.oswego.edu/dl/classes/collections/RBCell 贾瓦尔）依次基于Cormen, Leiserson和Rivest的《算法介绍》(CLR)。
treebin还需要额外的锁定机制。虽然读取器遍历列表总是可能的，甚至在更新期间，树遍历不是，主要是因为树旋转可能会改变根节点和/或它的链接。treebin包括一个简单的读写锁机制寄生在主二进制同步策略:与插入或删除相关的结构调整已经锁定(因此不能与其他写入器冲突)，但必须等待正在进行的读取器完成。由于只能有一个这样的waiter，我们使用一个简单的方案，使用一个“waiter”字段来阻止写入器。然而，readers需要永远不阻塞。如果根锁被持有，它们将沿着缓慢的遍历路径(通过下一个指针)进行，直到锁可用或列表被耗尽(以先到者为准)。这些病例速度不快，但能最大限度地提高总预期吞吐量。维护API和与该类以前版本的序列化兼容性会带来一些奇怪的情况。主要是:我们保留未动但未使用的引用concurrencyLevel的构造函数参数。我们接受loadFactor构造函数参数，但仅将其应用于初始表容量(这是我们能够保证尊重它的唯一时间)。我们还声明了一个未使用的“Segment”类，该类只有在序列化时才以最小形式实例化。
另外，仅仅为了与这个类的以前版本兼容，它扩展了AbstractMap，尽管它的所有方法都被覆盖了，因此它只是一个无用的包袱这个文件的组织是为了在阅读时更容易理解:首先是主要的静态声明和实用程序，然后是字段，然后是主要的公共方法(将多个公共方法分解为内部方法)，然后是分级方法、树、遍历器和批量操作。
二、主要成员变量
private static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
最大可能的表容量。这个值必须恰好为1<<30，以保持在Java数组分配和索引范围内，以满足两个表大小的幂，而且这个值是必需的，因为32位散列字段的前两位用于调控目的。
private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 16;
默认的初始表容量。必须是2的幂(即，至少1)，且最大容量(MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)。
static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
最大可能的数组大小(非2次幂)。toArray和相关方法需要。
private static final int DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL = 16;
此表的默认并发级别。未使用，但为与该类的以前版本兼容而定义。
private static final float LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
该表的负载因子。构造函数中此值的重写仅影响初始表容量。通常不使用实际的浮点值——在相关的调整大小阈值上使用{@code n -(n >>>2)}这样的表达式更简单。
static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8;
使用树而不是使用列表的容器计数阈值。当将一个元素添加到至少有这么多节点的容器中时，容器被转换为树。该值必须大于2，并且应该至少为8，以与关于在收缩时转换回普通bins的树移除假设相匹配。
static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6;
在调整大小操作期间取消(分割)存储库的存储库计数阈值。应小于*UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD*阈值，当节点数小于等于6的时候，树形结构返回为数组+链表结构。
static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64;
可以树形化容器的最小表容量。(否则，如果一个容器中有太多节点，则会调整表的大小)该值应至少为4 * TREEIFY_THRESHOLD，以避免调整大小和树形化阈值之间的冲突。
private static final int MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE = 16;
每个转移步骤在重新定位（rebinnings）的最小值。范围被细分为允许多个调整器线程。这个值作为一个下限，以避免调整器遇到过多的内存争用。取值必须至少为DEFAULT_CAPACITY。
private static int RESIZE_STAMP_BITS = 16;
在sizeCtl中用于生成戳记的位数。32位数组必须至少为6。
private static final int MAX_RESIZERS = (1 << (32 - RESIZE_STAMP_BITS)) - 1;
可以帮助调整大小的最大线程数。必须适合32 -RESIZE_STAMP_BITS调整大小印章位位。
private static final int RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT = 32 - RESIZE_STAMP_BITS;
在sizeCtl中记录大小戳的位移位。
/*节点哈希字段的编码。见上面的解释。*/
static final int MOVED = -1; // hash for forwarding nodes
static final int TREEBIN = -2; // hash for roots of trees
static final int RESERVED = -3; // hash for transient reservations
static final int HASH_BITS = 0x7fffffff; // usable bits of normal node hash
/** cpus的数量，以设置一些大小限制*/
static final int NCPU = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
/** 序列化的兼容性。 */
private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields = {
new ObjectStreamField("segments", Segment[].class),
new ObjectStreamField("segmentMask", Integer.TYPE),
new ObjectStreamField("segmentShift", Integer.TYPE)
};
三、 Nodes
//键值项。这个类永远不会作为用户可变的Map导出。入口(例如，一个支持setValue;
//参见下面的MapEntry)，但可用于批量任务中使用的只读遍历。具有负哈希字段的Node子类是特殊的，
//包含nulL键和值(但从不导出)。否则，键和值永远不会为空。
static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
final int hash;
final K key;
volatile V val;
volatile Node<K,V> next;
Node(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next) {
this.hash = hash;
this.key = key;
this.val = val;
this.next = next;
}
public final K getKey() { return key; }
public final V getValue() { return val; }
public final int hashCode() { return key.hashCode() ^ val.hashCode(); }
public final String toString(){ return key + "=" + val; }
public final V setValue(V value) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public final boolean equals(Object o) {
Object k, v, u; Map.Entry<?,?> e;
return ((o instanceof Map.Entry) &&
(k = (e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o).getKey()) != null &&
(v = e.getValue()) != null &&
(k == key || k.equals(key)) &&
(v == (u = val) || v.equals(u)));
}
/**
* 虚拟化支持map.get();在子类覆盖。
*/
Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
Node<K,V> e = this;
if (k != null) {
do {
K ek;
if (e.hash == h &&
((ek = e.key) == k || (ek != null && k.equals(ek))))
return e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
return null;
}
}
四、 Static utilities 静态方法
/**
* Spreads (XORs) higher bits of hash to lower and also forces top
* bit to 0. Because the table uses power-of-two masking, sets of
* hashes that vary only in bits above the current mask will
* always collide. (Among known examples are sets of Float keys
* holding consecutive whole numbers in small tables.) So we
* apply a transform that spreads the impact of higher bits
* downward. There is a tradeoff between speed, utility, and
* quality of bit-spreading. Because many common sets of hashes
* are already reasonably distributed (so don't benefit from
* spreading), and because we use trees to handle large sets of
* collisions in bins, we just XOR some shifted bits in the
* cheapest possible way to reduce systematic lossage, as well as
* to incorporate impact of the highest bits that would otherwise
* never be used in index calculations because of table bounds.
*/
//将(XORs)较高的哈希位扩展到较低的哈希位，并迫使最高位为e。因为表使用2的幂掩码，仅在当前掩码上方
//的比特上变化的哈希集总是会发生碰撞。(在已知的例子中，有一组FLoat键在smalL表中保存连续的整数。)因
//此，我们应用了一种转换，将更高位的影响向下传播。比特传播的速度、效用和质量之间存在权衡。因为许多常
//见的哈希集已经合理地分布了(所以不能从扩展中获益)，而且因为我们使用树来处理箱子中的大碰撞集，所以我
//们只是用最便宜的方法对一些移位的位进行异或，以减少系统损失，同时还考虑了最高位的影响，否则由于表的
//边界，这些最高位将永远不会在索引计算中使用。
static final int spread(int h) {
return (h ^ (h >>> 16)) & HASH_BITS;
}
/**
* Returns a power of two table size for the given desired capacity.
* See Hackers Delight, sec 3.2
*/
// 为给定的所需容量返回两个表大小的幂。
private static final int tableSizeFor(int c) {
int n = c - 1;
n |= n >>> 1;
n |= n >>> 2;
n |= n >>> 4;
n |= n >>> 8;
n |= n >>> 16;
return (n < 0) ? 1 : (n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : n + 1;
}
/**
* Returns x's Class if it is of the form "class C implements
* Comparable<C>", else null.
*/
//返回x的类，如果它是“类C实现”的形式
static Class<?> comparableClassFor(Object x) {
if (x instanceof Comparable) {
Class<?> c; Type[] ts, as; Type t; ParameterizedType p;
if ((c = x.getClass()) == String.class) // bypass checks
return c;
if ((ts = c.getGenericInterfaces()) != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < ts.length; ++i) {
if (((t = ts[i]) instanceof ParameterizedType) &&
((p = (ParameterizedType)t).getRawType() ==
Comparable.class) &&
(as = p.getActualTypeArguments()) != null &&
as.length == 1 && as[0] == c) // type arg is c
return c;
}
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Returns k.compareTo(x) if x matches kc (k's screened comparable
* class), else 0.
*/
//如果x匹配kc (k筛选的可比类)，则返回k.c areto (x)，否则为0。
@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"}) // for cast to Comparable
static int compareComparables(Class<?> kc, Object k, Object x) {
return (x == null || x.getClass() != kc ? 0 :
((Comparable)k).compareTo(x));
}
五、Table element access 表元素访问
/*
* Volatile access methods are used for table elements as well as
* elements of in-progress next table while resizing. All uses of
* the tab arguments must be null checked by callers. All callers
* also paranoically precheck that tab's length is not zero (or an
* equivalent check), thus ensuring that any index argument taking
* the form of a hash value anded with (length - 1) is a valid
* index. Note that, to be correct wrt arbitrary concurrency
* errors by users, these checks must operate on local variables,
* which accounts for some odd-looking inline assignments below.
* Note that calls to setTabAt always occur within locked regions,
* and so in principle require only release ordering, not
* full volatile semantics, but are currently coded as volatile
* writes to be conservative.
*/
// Volatile访问方法用于表元素以及在调整大小时正在进行中的下一个表的元素。调用者必须检查所有选项卡
//参数的使用是否为空。所有调用者还会偏执地预检制表符的长度不为零(或等效的检查)，从而确保任何采用散
//列值形式并带有(length - 1)的索引参数都是有效索引。请注意，为了让用户正确地执行wrt任意并发错
//误，这些检查必须对局部变量进行操作，这就导致了下面一些看起来很奇怪的内联赋值。注意，对setTabAt的
//调用总是发生在锁定区域内，因此原则上只要求释放顺序，而不要求完整的volatile语义，但目前被编码为
//volatile写以保持保守。
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
static final <K,V> Node<K,V> tabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i) {
return (Node<K,V>)U.getObjectVolatile(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE);
}
static final <K,V> boolean casTabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i,
Node<K,V> c, Node<K,V> v) {
return U.compareAndSwapObject(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE, c, v);
}
static final <K,V> void setTabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i, Node<K,V> v) {
U.putObjectVolatile(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE, v);
}
六、Fields 域
/**
* The array of bins. Lazily initialized upon first insertion.
* Size is always a power of two. Accessed directly by iterators.
*/
// 容器数组。在第一次插入时惰性初始化。大小总是2的幂。由迭代器直接访问。
transient volatile Node<K,V>[] table;
/**
* The next table to use; non-null only while resizing.
*/
// 要使用的下一张桌子;仅在调整大小时为非空。
private transient volatile Node<K,V>[] nextTable;
/**
* Base counter value, used mainly when there is no contention,
* but also as a fallback during table initialization
* races. Updated via CAS.
*/
//基本计数器值，主要在没有争用时使用，但也可以在表初始化争用期间作为回退。通过CAS(一种乐观锁)更新。
private transient volatile long baseCount;
/**
* Table initialization and resizing control. When negative, the
* table is being initialized or resized: -1 for initialization,
* else -(1 + the number of active resizing threads). Otherwise,
* when table is null, holds the initial table size to use upon
* creation, or 0 for default. After initialization, holds the
* next element count value upon which to resize the table.
*/
// 表初始化和调整大小控制。当为负数时，表示表正在被初始化或调整大小:-1用于初始化，否则为-(1 +活
//动调整大小的线程数)。否则，当table为null时，保存创建时要使用的初始表大小，或默认为0。初始化
//后，保存下一个元素计数值，根据该值调整表的大小。
private transient volatile int sizeCtl;
/**
* The next table index (plus one) to split while resizing.
*/
//在调整大小时要分割的下一个表索引(加1)。
private transient volatile int transferIndex;
/**
* Spinlock (locked via CAS) used when resizing and/or creating CounterCells.
*/
//自旋锁(通过CAS锁定)用于调整大小和/或创建CounterCells。
private transient volatile int cellsBusy;
/**
* Table of counter cells. When non-null, size is a power of 2.
*/
//计数器单元格表。当非空时，size是2的幂。
private transient volatile CounterCell[] counterCells;
// views
private transient KeySetView<K,V> keySet;
private transient ValuesView<K,V> values;
private transient EntrySetView<K,V> entrySet;
七、Public operations
/**
* Creates a new, empty map with the default initial table size (16).
*/
//使用默认初始表大小(16)创建一个新的空映射。
public ConcurrentHashMap() {
}
/**
* Creates a new, empty map with an initial table size
* accommodating the specified number of elements without the need
* to dynamically resize.
*
* @param initialCapacity The implementation performs internal
* sizing to accommodate this many elements.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity of
* elements is negative
*/
//使用初始表大小创建一个新的空映射，可以容纳指定数量的元素，而不需要动态调整大小。
public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity) {
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
int cap = ((initialCapacity >= (MAXIMUM_CAPACITY >>> 1)) ?
MAXIMUM_CAPACITY :
tableSizeFor(initialCapacity + (initialCapacity >>> 1) + 1));
this.sizeCtl = cap;
}
/**
* Creates a new map with the same mappings as the given map.
*
* @param m the map
*/
//使用与给定映射相同的映射创建一个新映射。
public ConcurrentHashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
this.sizeCtl = DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
putAll(m);
}
/**
* Creates a new, empty map with an initial table size based on
* the given number of elements ({@code initialCapacity}) and
* initial table density ({@code loadFactor}).
*
* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity. The implementation
* performs internal sizing to accommodate this many elements,
* given the specified load factor.
* @param loadFactor the load factor (table density) for
* establishing the initial table size
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity of
* elements is negative or the load factor is nonpositive
*
* @since 1.6
*/
//创建一个新的空映射，初始表大小基于给定的元素数量({@code initialcapacity})和初始表密度(f@code loadFactor})。
public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
this(initialCapacity, loadFactor, 1);
}
/**
* Creates a new, empty map with an initial table size based on
* the given number of elements ({@code initialCapacity}), table
* density ({@code loadFactor}), and number of concurrently
* updating threads ({@code concurrencyLevel}).
*
* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity. The implementation
* performs internal sizing to accommodate this many elements,
* given the specified load factor.
* @param loadFactor the load factor (table density) for
* establishing the initial table size
* @param concurrencyLevel the estimated number of concurrently
* updating threads. The implementation may use this value as
* a sizing hint.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is
* negative or the load factor or concurrencyLevel are
* nonpositive
*/
// 根据给定的元素数量({@code initialCapacity})、表密度({@code loadFactor})和并发更新线程数量({@code concurrencyLevel})，创建一个新的空映射，初始表大小为空。
public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity,
float loadFactor, int concurrencyLevel) {
if (!(loadFactor > 0.0f) || initialCapacity < 0 || concurrencyLevel <= 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (initialCapacity < concurrencyLevel) // Use at least as many bins
initialCapacity = concurrencyLevel; // as estimated threads
long size = (long)(1.0 + (long)initialCapacity / loadFactor);
int cap = (size >= (long)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?
MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : tableSizeFor((int)size);
this.sizeCtl = cap;
}
// Original (since JDK1.2) Map methods
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
public int size() {
long n = sumCount();
return ((n < 0L) ? 0 :
(n > (long)Integer.MAX_VALUE) ? Integer.MAX_VALUE :
(int)n);
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
public boolean isEmpty() {
return sumCount() <= 0L; // ignore transient negative values
}
/**
* Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped,
* or {@code null} if this map contains no mapping for the key.
*
* <p>More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key
* {@code k} to a value {@code v} such that {@code key.equals(k)},
* then this method returns {@code v}; otherwise it returns
* {@code null}. (There can be at most one such mapping.)
*
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
*/
//返回指定键映射到的值，”或facode null}，如果该映射不包含键的映射。
public V get(Object key) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> e, p; int n, eh; K ek;
int h = spread(key.hashCode());
if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
(e = tabAt(tab, (n - 1) & h)) != null) {
if ((eh = e.hash) == h) {
if ((ek = e.key) == key || (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))
return e.val;
}
else if (eh < 0)
return (p = e.find(h, key)) != null ? p.val : null;
while ((e = e.next) != null) {
if (e.hash == h &&
((ek = e.key) == key || (ek != null && key.equals(ek))))
return e.val;
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Tests if the specified object is a key in this table.
*
* @param key possible key
* @return {@code true} if and only if the specified object
* is a key in this table, as determined by the
* {@code equals} method; {@code false} otherwise
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
*/
//测试指定对象是否为该表中的键。
public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
return get(key) != null;
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if this map maps one or more keys to the
* specified value. Note: This method may require a full traversal
* of the map, and is much slower than method {@code containsKey}.
*
* @param value value whose presence in this map is to be tested
* @return {@code true} if this map maps one or more keys to the
* specified value
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified value is null
*/
//如果该映射将一个或多个键映射到指定的值，则返回t@code true}。注意:此方法可能需要对映射进行完整遍历，并且比方法facode containskey}慢得多。
public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
if (value == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
Node<K,V>[] t;
if ((t = table) != null) {
Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; ) {
V v;
if ((v = p.val) == value || (v != null && value.equals(v)))
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Maps the specified key to the specified value in this table.
* Neither the key nor the value can be null.
*
* <p>The value can be retrieved by calling the {@code get} method
* with a key that is equal to the original key.
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
* @param value value to be associated with the specified key
* @return the previous value associated with {@code key}, or
* {@code null} if there was no mapping for {@code key}
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null
*/
//将指定的键映射到该表中的指定值。键和值都不能为空。<p>该值可以通过调用{@code get}方法获取，该方法具有与原始键相同的键值。
public V put(K key, V value) {
return putVal(key, value, false);
}
/** Implementation for put and putIfAbsent */
//put和putIfAbsent的实现
final V putVal(K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
if (key == null || value == null) throw new NullPointerException();
int hash = spread(key.hashCode());
int binCount = 0;
for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
tab = initTable();
else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null) {
if (casTabAt(tab, i, null,
new Node<K,V>(hash, key, value, null)))
break; // no lock when adding to empty bin
}
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
else {
V oldVal = null;
synchronized (f) {
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
if (fh >= 0) {
binCount = 1;
for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
K ek;
if (e.hash == hash &&
((ek = e.key) == key ||
(ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
oldVal = e.val;
if (!onlyIfAbsent)
e.val = value;
break;
}
Node<K,V> pred = e;
if ((e = e.next) == null) {
pred.next = new Node<K,V>(hash, key,
value, null);
break;
}
}
}
else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
Node<K,V> p;
binCount = 2;
if ((p = ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).putTreeVal(hash, key,
value)) != null) {
oldVal = p.val;
if (!onlyIfAbsent)
p.val = value;
}
}
}
}
if (binCount != 0) {
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
treeifyBin(tab, i);
if (oldVal != null)
return oldVal;
break;
}
}
}
addCount(1L, binCount);
return null;
}
/**
* Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this one.
* These mappings replace any mappings that this map had for any of the
* keys currently in the specified map.
*
* @param m mappings to be stored in this map
*/
//将指定映射的所有映射复制到此映射。i这些映射替换了该映射对当前指定映射中的任何键的任何映射。
public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
tryPresize(m.size());
for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet())
putVal(e.getKey(), e.getValue(), false);
}
/**
* Removes the key (and its corresponding value) from this map.
* This method does nothing if the key is not in the map.
*
* @param key the key that needs to be removed
* @return the previous value associated with {@code key}, or
* {@code null} if there was no mapping for {@code key}
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
*/
//从这个映射中删除键(及其对应的值)。如果键不在映射中，则此方法不执行任何操作。
public V remove(Object key) {
return replaceNode(key, null, null);
}
/**
* Implementation for the four public remove/replace methods:
* Replaces node value with v, conditional upon match of cv if
* non-null. If resulting value is null, delete.
*/
//4个public remove/ replace方法的实现:将节点值替换为v，条件是匹配cv如果非空。如果结果值为空，则删除。
final V replaceNode(Object key, V value, Object cv) {
int hash = spread(key.hashCode());
for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0 ||
(f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null)
break;
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
else {
V oldVal = null;
boolean validated = false;
synchronized (f) {
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
if (fh >= 0) {
validated = true;
for (Node<K,V> e = f, pred = null;;) {
K ek;
if (e.hash == hash &&
((ek = e.key) == key ||
(ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
V ev = e.val;
if (cv == null || cv == ev ||
(ev != null && cv.equals(ev))) {
oldVal = ev;
if (value != null)
e.val = value;
else if (pred != null)
pred.next = e.next;
else
setTabAt(tab, i, e.next);
}
break;
}
pred = e;
if ((e = e.next) == null)
break;
}
}
else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
validated = true;
TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
TreeNode<K,V> r, p;
if ((r = t.root) != null &&
(p = r.findTreeNode(hash, key, null)) != null) {
V pv = p.val;
if (cv == null || cv == pv ||
(pv != null && cv.equals(pv))) {
oldVal = pv;
if (value != null)
p.val = value;
else if (t.removeTreeNode(p))
setTabAt(tab, i, untreeify(t.first));
}
}
}
}
}
if (validated) {
if (oldVal != null) {
if (value == null)
addCount(-1L, -1);
return oldVal;
}
break;
}
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Removes all of the mappings from this map.
*/
//从该映射中删除所有映射。
public void clear() {
long delta = 0L; // negative number of deletions
int i = 0;
Node<K,V>[] tab = table;
while (tab != null && i < tab.length) {
int fh;
Node<K,V> f = tabAt(tab, i);
if (f == null)
++i;
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED) {
tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
i = 0; // restart
}
else {
synchronized (f) {
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
Node<K,V> p = (fh >= 0 ? f :
(f instanceof TreeBin) ?
((TreeBin<K,V>)f).first : null);
while (p != null) {
--delta;
p = p.next;
}
setTabAt(tab, i++, null);
}
}
}
}
if (delta != 0L)
addCount(delta, -1);
}
/**
* Returns a {@link Set} view of the keys contained in this map.
* The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
* reflected in the set, and vice-versa. The set supports element
* removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from this map,
* via the {@code Iterator.remove}, {@code Set.remove},
* {@code removeAll}, {@code retainAll}, and {@code clear}
* operations. It does not support the {@code add} or
* {@code addAll} operations.
*
* <p>The view's iterators and spliterators are
* <a href="package-summary.html#Weakly"><i>weakly consistent</i></a>.
*
* <p>The view's {@code spliterator} reports {@link Spliterator#CONCURRENT},
* {@link Spliterator#DISTINCT}, and {@link Spliterator#NONNULL}.
*
* @return the set view
*/
//返回此映射中包含的键的falink Set}视图。集合由映射支持，因此映射的更改会反映在集合中，反之亦
//然。set支持元素移除，通过{@code Iterator从这个映射中移除相应的映射。删除),{@code集。{@code
//removeAll}， {@code retainAll}和{@code clear}操作。它不支持facode add}或{@code
//addAll}操作。
public KeySetView<K,V> keySet() {
KeySetView<K,V> ks;
return (ks = keySet) != null ? ks : (keySet = new KeySetView<K,V>(this, null));
}
/**
* Returns a {@link Collection} view of the values contained in this map.
* The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
* reflected in the collection, and vice-versa. The collection
* supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
* mapping from this map, via the {@code Iterator.remove},
* {@code Collection.remove}, {@code removeAll},
* {@code retainAll}, and {@code clear} operations. It does not
* support the {@code add} or {@code addAll} operations.
*
* <p>The view's iterators and spliterators are
* <a href="package-summary.html#Weakly"><i>weakly consistent</i></a>.
*
* <p>The view's {@code spliterator} reports {@link Spliterator#CONCURRENT}
* and {@link Spliterator#NONNULL}.
*
* @return the collection view
*/
//该集合由该映射支持，因此对该映射的更改会反映在该集合中，反之亦然。集合支持元素移除，移除相应的从
//这个映射，通过{@code Iterator。删除}。acode集合。{code removeAll}， {code retainAll}和
//{@code clear}操作。它不支持{@code add}或{code addAll}操作。
public Collection<V> values() {
ValuesView<K,V> vs;
return (vs = values) != null ? vs : (values = new ValuesView<K,V>(this));
}
/**
* Returns a {@link Set} view of the mappings contained in this map.
* The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
* reflected in the set, and vice-versa. The set supports element
* removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map,
* via the {@code Iterator.remove}, {@code Set.remove},
* {@code removeAll}, {@code retainAll}, and {@code clear}
* operations.
*
* <p>The view's iterators and spliterators are
* <a href="package-summary.html#Weakly"><i>weakly consistent</i></a>.
*
* <p>The view's {@code spliterator} reports {@link Spliterator#CONCURRENT},
* {@link Spliterator#DISTINCT}, and {@link Spliterator#NONNULL}.
*
* @return the set view
*/
///返回该映射中包含的映射的tQlink set}视图。集合由映射支持，因此映射的更改会反映在集合中，反之亦
//然。set支持元素“remove”，它通过{@code Iterator从映射中删除相应的映射。删除},{@code集。
//{@code removeAll}， {@code retainAll}和{@code clear]操作。
public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {
EntrySetView<K,V> es;
return (es = entrySet) != null ? es : (entrySet = new EntrySetView<K,V>(this));
}
/**
* Returns the hash code value for this {@link Map}, i.e.,
* the sum of, for each key-value pair in the map,
* {@code key.hashCode() ^ value.hashCode()}.
*
* @return the hash code value for this map
*/
//返回这个{alink Map}的哈希码值，即Map中每个键值对的和，{@code key.hashcode() ^ value。hashcode()}。
public int hashCode() {
int h = 0;
Node<K,V>[] t;
if ((t = table) != null) {
Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; )
h += p.key.hashCode() ^ p.val.hashCode();
}
return h;
}
/**
* Returns a string representation of this map. The string
* representation consists of a list of key-value mappings (in no
* particular order) enclosed in braces ("{@code {}}"). Adjacent
* mappings are separated by the characters {@code ", "} (comma
* and space). Each key-value mapping is rendered as the key
* followed by an equals sign ("{@code =}") followed by the
* associated value.
*
* @return a string representation of this map
*/
//*返回该映射的字符串表示。的字符串*表示由用大括号括起来的键-值映射列表(没有*特定的顺序)组成(“{@code}}”)。相邻的映射由字符t@code "， "}(逗号和空格)分隔。每个键值映射都呈现为键后跟等号("[@code =}")，然后是*相关值
public String toString() {
Node<K,V>[] t;
int f = (t = table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, f, 0, f);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append('{');
Node<K,V> p;
if ((p = it.advance()) != null) {
for (;;) {
K k = p.key;
V v = p.val;
sb.append(k == this ? "(this Map)" : k);
sb.append('=');
sb.append(v == this ? "(this Map)" : v);
if ((p = it.advance()) == null)
break;
sb.append(',').append(' ');
}
}
return sb.append('}').toString();
}
/**
* Compares the specified object with this map for equality.
* Returns {@code true} if the given object is a map with the same
* mappings as this map. This operation may return misleading
* results if either map is concurrently modified during execution
* of this method.
*
* @param o object to be compared for equality with this map
* @return {@code true} if the specified object is equal to this map
*/
//比较指定的对象与这个映射是否相等。如果给定对象是一个与此映射具有相同napping的映射，则返回{@code true}。如果在执行此方法期间同时修改任何一个map，则此操作可能返回错误结果。
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o != this) {
if (!(o instanceof Map))
return false;
Map<?,?> m = (Map<?,?>) o;
Node<K,V>[] t;
int f = (t = table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, f, 0, f);
for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; ) {
V val = p.val;
Object v = m.get(p.key);
if (v == null || (v != val && !v.equals(val)))
return false;
}
for (Map.Entry<?,?> e : m.entrySet()) {
Object mk, mv, v;
if ((mk = e.getKey()) == null ||
(mv = e.getValue()) == null ||
(v = get(mk)) == null ||
(mv != v && !mv.equals(v)))
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* Stripped-down version of helper class used in previous version,
* declared for the sake of serialization compatibility
*/
//以前版本中使用的helper类的简化版本，声明它是为了序列化兼容性
static class Segment<K,V> extends ReentrantLock implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 2249069246763182397L;
final float loadFactor;
Segment(float lf) { this.loadFactor = lf; }
}
/**
* Saves the state of the {@code ConcurrentHashMap} instance to a
* stream (i.e., serializes it).
* @param s the stream
* @throws java.io.IOException if an I/O error occurs
* @serialData
* the key (Object) and value (Object)
* for each key-value mapping, followed by a null pair.
* The key-value mappings are emitted in no particular order.
*/
private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException {
// For serialization compatibility
// Emulate segment calculation from previous version of this class
int sshift = 0;
int ssize = 1;
while (ssize < DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL) {
++sshift;
ssize <<= 1;
}
int segmentShift = 32 - sshift;
int segmentMask = ssize - 1;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Segment<K,V>[] segments = (Segment<K,V>[])
new Segment<?,?>[DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL];
for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i)
segments[i] = new Segment<K,V>(LOAD_FACTOR);
s.putFields().put("segments", segments);
s.putFields().put("segmentShift", segmentShift);
s.putFields().put("segmentMask", segmentMask);
s.writeFields();
Node<K,V>[] t;
if ((t = table) != null) {
Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; ) {
s.writeObject(p.key);
s.writeObject(p.val);
}
}
s.writeObject(null);
s.writeObject(null);
segments = null; // throw away
}
/**
* Reconstitutes the instance from a stream (that is, deserializes it).
* @param s the stream
* @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class of a serialized object
* could not be found
* @throws java.io.IOException if an I/O error occurs
*/
private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
/*
* To improve performance in typical cases, we create nodes
* while reading, then place in table once size is known.
* However, we must also validate uniqueness and deal with
* overpopulated bins while doing so, which requires
* specialized versions of putVal mechanics.
*/
//在典型情况下，为了提高性能，我们在读取时创建节点*，然后在大小已知时将其放入表中* puval机制的专门版本。
sizeCtl = -1; // force exclusion for table construction
s.defaultReadObject();
long size = 0L;
Node<K,V> p = null;
for (;;) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
K k = (K) s.readObject();
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
V v = (V) s.readObject();
if (k != null && v != null) {
p = new Node<K,V>(spread(k.hashCode()), k, v, p);
++size;
}
else
break;
}
if (size == 0L)
sizeCtl = 0;
else {
int n;
if (size >= (long)(MAXIMUM_CAPACITY >>> 1))
n = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
else {
int sz = (int)size;
n = tableSizeFor(sz + (sz >>> 1) + 1);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Node<K,V>[] tab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n];
int mask = n - 1;
long added = 0L;
while (p != null) {
boolean insertAtFront;
Node<K,V> next = p.next, first;
int h = p.hash, j = h & mask;
if ((first = tabAt(tab, j)) == null)
insertAtFront = true;
else {
K k = p.key;
if (first.hash < 0) {
TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)first;
if (t.putTreeVal(h, k, p.val) == null)
++added;
insertAtFront = false;
}
else {
int binCount = 0;
insertAtFront = true;
Node<K,V> q; K qk;
for (q = first; q != null; q = q.next) {
if (q.hash == h &&
((qk = q.key) == k ||
(qk != null && k.equals(qk)))) {
insertAtFront = false;
break;
}
++binCount;
}
if (insertAtFront && binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD) {
insertAtFront = false;
++added;
p.next = first;
TreeNode<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
for (q = p; q != null; q = q.next) {
TreeNode<K,V> t = new TreeNode<K,V>
(q.hash, q.key, q.val, null, null);
if ((t.prev = tl) == null)
hd = t;
else
tl.next = t;
tl = t;
}
setTabAt(tab, j, new TreeBin<K,V>(hd));
}
}
}
if (insertAtFront) {
++added;
p.next = first;
setTabAt(tab, j, p);
}
p = next;
}
table = tab;
sizeCtl = n - (n >>> 2);
baseCount = added;
}
}
八、ConcurrentMap methods
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* @return the previous value associated with the specified key,
* or {@code null} if there was no mapping for the key
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null
*/
public V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
return putVal(key, value, true);
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
*/
public boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
if (key == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return value != null && replaceNode(key, null, value) != null;
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* @throws NullPointerException if any of the arguments are null
*/
public boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
if (key == null || oldValue == null || newValue == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return replaceNode(key, newValue, oldValue) != null;
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* @return the previous value associated with the specified key,
* or {@code null} if there was no mapping for the key
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null
*/
public V replace(K key, V value) {
if (key == null || value == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return replaceNode(key, value, null);
}
// Overrides of JDK8+ Map extension method defaults
//覆盖JDK8+ Map扩展方法默认值
/**
* Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, or the
* given default value if this map contains no mapping for the
* key.
*
* @param key the key whose associated value is to be returned
* @param defaultValue the value to return if this map contains
* no mapping for the given key
* @return the mapping for the key, if present; else the default value
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
*/
//返回指定键映射到的值，或者“如果该映射不包含键的映射，则返回给定的默认值”。
public V getOrDefault(Object key, V defaultValue) {
V v;
return (v = get(key)) == null ? defaultValue : v;
}
public void forEach(BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action) {
if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
Node<K,V>[] t;
if ((t = table) != null) {
Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; ) {
action.accept(p.key, p.val);
}
}
}
public void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function) {
if (function == null) throw new NullPointerException();
Node<K,V>[] t;
if ((t = table) != null) {
Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; ) {
V oldValue = p.val;
for (K key = p.key;;) {
V newValue = function.apply(key, oldValue);
if (newValue == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (replaceNode(key, newValue, oldValue) != null ||
(oldValue = get(key)) == null)
break;
}
}
}
}
/**
* If the specified key is not already associated with a value,
* attempts to compute its value using the given mapping function
* and enters it into this map unless {@code null}. The entire
* method invocation is performed atomically, so the function is
* applied at most once per key. Some attempted update operations
* on this map by other threads may be blocked while computation
* is in progress, so the computation should be short and simple,
* and must not attempt to update any other mappings of this map.
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
* @param mappingFunction the function to compute a value
* @return the current (existing or computed) value associated with
* the specified key, or null if the computed value is null
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or mappingFunction
* is null
* @throws IllegalStateException if the computation detectably
* attempts a recursive update to this map that would
* otherwise never complete
* @throws RuntimeException or Error if the mappingFunction does so,
* in which case the mapping is left unestablished
*/
//如果指定的键还没有与某个值关联，则尝试使用给定的映射函数计算其值，并将其输入到这个映射中，除非
//{@code null}。整个方法调用是以原子方式执行的，因此每个键最多应用一次函数。当计算进行时，其他线
//程对该映射的一些尝试更新操作可能会被阻塞，因此计算应该是简短和简单的，并且不能尝试更新该映射的任何其他映
//射
public V computeIfAbsent(K key, Function<? super K, ? extends V> mappingFunction) {
if (key == null || mappingFunction == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int h = spread(key.hashCode());
V val = null;
int binCount = 0;
for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
tab = initTable();
else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & h)) == null) {
Node<K,V> r = new ReservationNode<K,V>();
synchronized (r) {
if (casTabAt(tab, i, null, r)) {
binCount = 1;
Node<K,V> node = null;
try {
if ((val = mappingFunction.apply(key)) != null)
node = new Node<K,V>(h, key, val, null);
} finally {
setTabAt(tab, i, node);
}
}
}
if (binCount != 0)
break;
}
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
else {
boolean added = false;
synchronized (f) {
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
if (fh >= 0) {
binCount = 1;
for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
K ek; V ev;
if (e.hash == h &&
((ek = e.key) == key ||
(ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
val = e.val;
break;
}
Node<K,V> pred = e;
if ((e = e.next) == null) {
if ((val = mappingFunction.apply(key)) != null) {
added = true;
pred.next = new Node<K,V>(h, key, val, null);
}
break;
}
}
}
else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
binCount = 2;
TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
TreeNode<K,V> r, p;
if ((r = t.root) != null &&
(p = r.findTreeNode(h, key, null)) != null)
val = p.val;
else if ((val = mappingFunction.apply(key)) != null) {
added = true;
t.putTreeVal(h, key, val);
}
}
}
}
if (binCount != 0) {
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
treeifyBin(tab, i);
if (!added)
return val;
break;
}
}
}
if (val != null)
addCount(1L, binCount);
return val;
}
/**
* If the value for the specified key is present, attempts to
* compute a new mapping given the key and its current mapped
* value. The entire method invocation is performed atomically.
* Some attempted update operations on this map by other threads
* may be blocked while computation is in progress, so the
* computation should be short and simple, and must not attempt to
* update any other mappings of this map.
*
* @param key key with which a value may be associated
* @param remappingFunction the function to compute a value
* @return the new value associated with the specified key, or null if none
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or remappingFunction
* is null
* @throws IllegalStateException if the computation detectably
* attempts a recursive update to this map that would
* otherwise never complete
* @throws RuntimeException or Error if the remappingFunction does so,
* in which case the mapping is unchanged
*/
//如果指定键的值存在，则尝试计算给定键及其当前映射值的新映射。整个方法调用是以原子方式执行的。当计
//算进行时，其他线程对该映射的一些尝试更新操作可能会被阻塞，因此计算应该是简短和简单的，并且不能尝
//试更新该映射的任何其他映射。
public V computeIfPresent(K key, BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
if (key == null || remappingFunction == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int h = spread(key.hashCode());
V val = null;
int delta = 0;
int binCount = 0;
for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
tab = initTable();
else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & h)) == null)
break;
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
else {
synchronized (f) {
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
if (fh >= 0) {
binCount = 1;
for (Node<K,V> e = f, pred = null;; ++binCount) {
K ek;
if (e.hash == h &&
((ek = e.key) == key ||
(ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
val = remappingFunction.apply(key, e.val);
if (val != null)
e.val = val;
else {
delta = -1;
Node<K,V> en = e.next;
if (pred != null)
pred.next = en;
else
setTabAt(tab, i, en);
}
break;
}
pred = e;
if ((e = e.next) == null)
break;
}
}
else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
binCount = 2;
TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
TreeNode<K,V> r, p;
if ((r = t.root) != null &&
(p = r.findTreeNode(h, key, null)) != null) {
val = remappingFunction.apply(key, p.val);
if (val != null)
p.val = val;
else {
delta = -1;
if (t.removeTreeNode(p))
setTabAt(tab, i, untreeify(t.first));
}
}
}
}
}
if (binCount != 0)
break;
}
}
if (delta != 0)
addCount((long)delta, binCount);
return val;
}
/**
* Attempts to compute a mapping for the specified key and its
* current mapped value (or {@code null} if there is no current
* mapping). The entire method invocation is performed atomically.
* Some attempted update operations on this map by other threads
* may be blocked while computation is in progress, so the
* computation should be short and simple, and must not attempt to
* update any other mappings of this Map.
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
* @param remappingFunction the function to compute a value
* @return the new value associated with the specified key, or null if none
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or remappingFunction
* is null
* @throws IllegalStateException if the computation detectably
* attempts a recursive update to this map that would
* otherwise never complete
* @throws RuntimeException or Error if the remappingFunction does so,
* in which case the mapping is unchanged
*/
// 尝试计算指定键及其当前映射值的映射(如果当前没有映射，则为{@code null})。整个方法调用是以原
//方式执行的。当计算进行时，其他线程对该映射的一些更新操作可能会被阻塞，因此计算应该是简短和简单
//的，并且不能尝试更新该map的任何其他映射。
public V compute(K key,
BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
if (key == null || remappingFunction == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int h = spread(key.hashCode());
V val = null;
int delta = 0;
int binCount = 0;
for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
tab = initTable();
else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & h)) == null) {
Node<K,V> r = new ReservationNode<K,V>();
synchronized (r) {
if (casTabAt(tab, i, null, r)) {
binCount = 1;
Node<K,V> node = null;
try {
if ((val = remappingFunction.apply(key, null)) != null) {
delta = 1;
node = new Node<K,V>(h, key, val, null);
}
} finally {
setTabAt(tab, i, node);
}
}
}
if (binCount != 0)
break;
}
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
else {
synchronized (f) {
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
if (fh >= 0) {
binCount = 1;
for (Node<K,V> e = f, pred = null;; ++binCount) {
K ek;
if (e.hash == h &&
((ek = e.key) == key ||
(ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
val = remappingFunction.apply(key, e.val);
if (val != null)
e.val = val;
else {
delta = -1;
Node<K,V> en = e.next;
if (pred != null)
pred.next = en;
else
setTabAt(tab, i, en);
}
break;
}
pred = e;
if ((e = e.next) == null) {
val = remappingFunction.apply(key, null);
if (val != null) {
delta = 1;
pred.next =
new Node<K,V>(h, key, val, null);
}
break;
}
}
}
else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
binCount = 1;
TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
TreeNode<K,V> r, p;
if ((r = t.root) != null)
p = r.findTreeNode(h, key, null);
else
p = null;
V pv = (p == null) ? null : p.val;
val = remappingFunction.apply(key, pv);
if (val != null) {
if (p != null)
p.val = val;
else {
delta = 1;
t.putTreeVal(h, key, val);
}
}
else if (p != null) {
delta = -1;
if (t.removeTreeNode(p))
setTabAt(tab, i, untreeify(t.first));
}
}
}
}
if (binCount != 0) {
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
treeifyBin(tab, i);
break;
}
}
}
if (delta != 0)
addCount((long)delta, binCount);
return val;
}
/**
* If the specified key is not already associated with a
* (non-null) value, associates it with the given value.
* Otherwise, replaces the value with the results of the given
* remapping function, or removes if {@code null}. The entire
* method invocation is performed atomically. Some attempted
* update operations on this map by other threads may be blocked
* while computation is in progress, so the computation should be
* short and simple, and must not attempt to update any other
* mappings of this Map.
*
* @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
* @param value the value to use if absent
* @param remappingFunction the function to recompute a value if present
* @return the new value associated with the specified key, or null if none
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or the
* remappingFunction is null
* @throws RuntimeException or Error if the remappingFunction does so,
* in which case the mapping is unchanged
*/
//如果指定的键还没有与(非空)值关联，则将其与给定值关联。否则，用给定的重映射函数的结果替换该值，
//或者删除if {acode null。整个方法调用是以原子方式执行的。当计算进行时，其他线程对该映射的一些
//更新操作可能会被阻塞，因此计算应该是简短和简单的，并且不能尝试更新该map的任何其他映射。
public V merge(K key, V value, BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
if (key == null || value == null || remappingFunction == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int h = spread(key.hashCode());
V val = null;
int delta = 0;
int binCount = 0;
for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
tab = initTable();
else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & h)) == null) {
if (casTabAt(tab, i, null, new Node<K,V>(h, key, value, null))) {
delta = 1;
val = value;
break;
}
}
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
else {
synchronized (f) {
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
if (fh >= 0) {
binCount = 1;
for (Node<K,V> e = f, pred = null;; ++binCount) {
K ek;
if (e.hash == h &&
((ek = e.key) == key ||
(ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
val = remappingFunction.apply(e.val, value);
if (val != null)
e.val = val;
else {
delta = -1;
Node<K,V> en = e.next;
if (pred != null)
pred.next = en;
else
setTabAt(tab, i, en);
}
break;
}
pred = e;
if ((e = e.next) == null) {
delta = 1;
val = value;
pred.next =
new Node<K,V>(h, key, val, null);
break;
}
}
}
else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
binCount = 2;
TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
TreeNode<K,V> r = t.root;
TreeNode<K,V> p = (r == null) ? null :
r.findTreeNode(h, key, null);
val = (p == null) ? value :
remappingFunction.apply(p.val, value);
if (val != null) {
if (p != null)
p.val = val;
else {
delta = 1;
t.putTreeVal(h, key, val);
}
}
else if (p != null) {
delta = -1;
if (t.removeTreeNode(p))
setTabAt(tab, i, untreeify(t.first));
}
}
}
}
if (binCount != 0) {
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
treeifyBin(tab, i);
break;
}
}
}
if (delta != 0)
addCount((long)delta, binCount);
return val;
}
// Hashtable legacy methods
/**
* Legacy method testing if some key maps into the specified value
* in this table. This method is identical in functionality to
* {@link #containsValue(Object)}, and exists solely to ensure
* full compatibility with class {@link java.util.Hashtable},
* which supported this method prior to introduction of the
* Java Collections framework.
*
* @param value a value to search for
* @return {@code true} if and only if some key maps to the
* {@code value} argument in this table as
* determined by the {@code equals} method;
* {@code false} otherwise
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified value is null
*/
public boolean contains(Object value) {
return containsValue(value);
}
/**
* Returns an enumeration of the keys in this table.
*
* @return an enumeration of the keys in this table
* @see #keySet()
*/
public Enumeration<K> keys() {
Node<K,V>[] t;
int f = (t = table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
return new KeyIterator<K,V>(t, f, 0, f, this);
}
/**
* Returns an enumeration of the values in this table.
*
* @return an enumeration of the values in this table
* @see #values()
*/
public Enumeration<V> elements() {
Node<K,V>[] t;
int f = (t = table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
return new ValueIterator<K,V>(t, f, 0, f, this);
}
// ConcurrentHashMap-only methods
/**
* Returns the number of mappings. This method should be used
* instead of {@link #size} because a ConcurrentHashMap may
* contain more mappings than can be represented as an int. The
* value returned is an estimate; the actual count may differ if
* there are concurrent insertions or removals.
*
* @return the number of mappings
* @since 1.8
*/
public long mappingCount() {
long n = sumCount();
return (n < 0L) ? 0L : n; // ignore transient negative values
}
/**
* Creates a new {@link Set} backed by a ConcurrentHashMap
* from the given type to {@code Boolean.TRUE}.
*
* @param <K> the element type of the returned set
* @return the new set
* @since 1.8
*/
public static <K> KeySetView<K,Boolean> newKeySet() {
return new KeySetView<K,Boolean>
(new ConcurrentHashMap<K,Boolean>(), Boolean.TRUE);
}
/**
* Creates a new {@link Set} backed by a ConcurrentHashMap
* from the given type to {@code Boolean.TRUE}.
*
* @param initialCapacity The implementation performs internal
* sizing to accommodate this many elements.
* @param <K> the element type of the returned set
* @return the new set
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity of
* elements is negative
* @since 1.8
*/
public static <K> KeySetView<K,Boolean> newKeySet(int initialCapacity) {
return new KeySetView<K,Boolean>
(new ConcurrentHashMap<K,Boolean>(initialCapacity), Boolean.TRUE);
}
/**
* Returns a {@link Set} view of the keys in this map, using the
* given common mapped value for any additions (i.e., {@link
* Collection#add} and {@link Collection#addAll(Collection)}).
* This is of course only appropriate if it is acceptable to use
* the same value for all additions from this view.
*
* @param mappedValue the mapped value to use for any additions
* @return the set view
* @throws NullPointerException if the mappedValue is null
*/
//返回此映射中的键的t@link Set}视图，对任何添加使用给定的公共映射值(即{@link collection#add}和{@link collection#addAll (collection)})。当然，只有在可以接受从这个观点对所有添加使用相同的值的情况下，这才合适。
public KeySetView<K,V> keySet(V mappedValue) {
if (mappedValue == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return new KeySetView<K,V>(this, mappedValue);
}
九、Special Nodes
/**
* A node inserted at head of bins during transfer operations.
*/
//在传输操作期间，在容器头部插入的一个节点。
static final class ForwardingNode<K,V> extends Node<K,V> {
final Node<K,V>[] nextTable;
ForwardingNode(Node<K,V>[] tab) {
super(MOVED, null, null, null);
this.nextTable = tab;
}
Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
// loop to avoid arbitrarily deep recursion on forwarding nodes
outer: for (Node<K,V>[] tab = nextTable;;) {
Node<K,V> e; int n;
if (k == null || tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0 ||
(e = tabAt(tab, (n - 1) & h)) == null)
return null;
for (;;) {
int eh; K ek;
if ((eh = e.hash) == h &&
((ek = e.key) == k || (ek != null && k.equals(ek))))
return e;
if (eh < 0) {
if (e instanceof ForwardingNode) {
tab = ((ForwardingNode<K,V>)e).nextTable;
continue outer;
}
else
return e.find(h, k);
}
if ((e = e.next) == null)
return null;
}
}
}
}
/**
* A place-holder node used in computeIfAbsent and compute
*/
//在computeIfAbsent和compute中使用的占位符节点
static final class ReservationNode<K,V> extends Node<K,V> {
ReservationNode() {
super(RESERVED, null, null, null);
}
Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
return null;
}
}
十、Table Initialization and Resizing
/**
* Returns the stamp bits for resizing a table of size n.
* Must be negative when shifted left by RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT.
*/
// 返回调整大小为n的表的戳记位。当通过RESIZE STAMP SHIFT向左移位时必须为负。
static final int resizeStamp(int n) {
return Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(n) | (1 << (RESIZE_STAMP_BITS - 1));
}
/**
* Initializes table, using the size recorded in sizeCtl.
*/
// 使用sizectl中记录的大小初始化表。
private final Node<K,V>[] initTable() {
Node<K,V>[] tab; int sc;
while ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
if ((sc = sizeCtl) < 0)
Thread.yield(); // lost initialization race; just spin
else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, -1)) {
try {
if ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
int n = (sc > 0) ? sc : DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n];
table = tab = nt;
sc = n - (n >>> 2);
}
} finally {
sizeCtl = sc;
}
break;
}
}
return tab;
}
/**
* Adds to count, and if table is too small and not already
* resizing, initiates transfer. If already resizing, helps
* perform transfer if work is available. Rechecks occupancy
* after a transfer to see if another resize is already needed
* because resizings are lagging additions.
*
* @param x the count to add
* @param check if <0, don't check resize, if <= 1 only check if uncontended
*/
// 添加到count，如果表太小且尚未调整大小，则启动转移。如果已经在调整大小，在工作可用的情况下帮助执行转移。重新检查入住情况，看看是否已经需要重新调整，因为调整是滞后的增加。
private final void addCount(long x, int check) {
CounterCell[] as; long b, s;
if ((as = counterCells) != null ||
!U.compareAndSwapLong(this, BASECOUNT, b = baseCount, s = b + x)) {
CounterCell a; long v; int m;
boolean uncontended = true;
if (as == null || (m = as.length - 1) < 0 ||
(a = as[ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe() & m]) == null ||
!(uncontended =
U.compareAndSwapLong(a, CELLVALUE, v = a.value, v + x))) {
fullAddCount(x, uncontended);
return;
}
if (check <= 1)
return;
s = sumCount();
}
if (check >= 0) {
Node<K,V>[] tab, nt; int n, sc;
while (s >= (long)(sc = sizeCtl) && (tab = table) != null &&
(n = tab.length) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
int rs = resizeStamp(n);
if (sc < 0) {
if ((sc >>> RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) != rs || sc == rs + 1 ||
sc == rs + MAX_RESIZERS || (nt = nextTable) == null ||
transferIndex <= 0)
break;
if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, sc + 1))
transfer(tab, nt);
}
else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc,
(rs << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) + 2))
transfer(tab, null);
s = sumCount();
}
}
}
/**
* Helps transfer if a resize is in progress.
*/
//如果正在进行调整，可用于转移。
final Node<K,V>[] helpTransfer(Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V> f) {
Node<K,V>[] nextTab; int sc;
if (tab != null && (f instanceof ForwardingNode) &&
(nextTab = ((ForwardingNode<K,V>)f).nextTable) != null) {
int rs = resizeStamp(tab.length);
while (nextTab == nextTable && table == tab &&
(sc = sizeCtl) < 0) {
if ((sc >>> RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) != rs || sc == rs + 1 ||
sc == rs + MAX_RESIZERS || transferIndex <= 0)
break;
if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, sc + 1)) {
transfer(tab, nextTab);
break;
}
}
return nextTab;
}
return table;
}
/**
* Tries to presize table to accommodate the given number of elements.
*
* @param size number of elements (doesn't need to be perfectly accurate)
*/
//尝试预设置表的大小以容纳给定的元素数量。
private final void tryPresize(int size) {
int c = (size >= (MAXIMUM_CAPACITY >>> 1)) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY :
tableSizeFor(size + (size >>> 1) + 1);
int sc;
while ((sc = sizeCtl) >= 0) {
Node<K,V>[] tab = table; int n;
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0) {
n = (sc > c) ? sc : c;
if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, -1)) {
try {
if (table == tab) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n];
table = nt;
sc = n - (n >>> 2);
}
} finally {
sizeCtl = sc;
}
}
}
else if (c <= sc || n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
break;
else if (tab == table) {
int rs = resizeStamp(n);
if (sc < 0) {
Node<K,V>[] nt;
if ((sc >>> RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) != rs || sc == rs + 1 ||
sc == rs + MAX_RESIZERS || (nt = nextTable) == null ||
transferIndex <= 0)
break;
if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, sc + 1))
transfer(tab, nt);
}
else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc,
(rs << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) + 2))
transfer(tab, null);
}
}
}
/**
* Moves and/or copies the nodes in each bin to new table. See
* above for explanation.
*/
//移动和/或复制每个bin中的节点到新表中。见上面的解释。
private final void transfer(Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V>[] nextTab) {
int n = tab.length, stride;
if ((stride = (NCPU > 1) ? (n >>> 3) / NCPU : n) < MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE)
stride = MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE; // subdivide range
if (nextTab == null) { // initiating
try {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n << 1];
nextTab = nt;
} catch (Throwable ex) { // try to cope with OOME
sizeCtl = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
return;
}
nextTable = nextTab;
transferIndex = n;
}
int nextn = nextTab.length;
ForwardingNode<K,V> fwd = new ForwardingNode<K,V>(nextTab);
boolean advance = true;
boolean finishing = false; // to ensure sweep before committing nextTab
for (int i = 0, bound = 0;;) {
Node<K,V> f; int fh;
while (advance) {
int nextIndex, nextBound;
if (--i >= bound || finishing)
advance = false;
else if ((nextIndex = transferIndex) <= 0) {
i = -1;
advance = false;
}
else if (U.compareAndSwapInt
(this, TRANSFERINDEX, nextIndex,
nextBound = (nextIndex > stride ?
nextIndex - stride : 0))) {
bound = nextBound;
i = nextIndex - 1;
advance = false;
}
}
if (i < 0 || i >= n || i + n >= nextn) {
int sc;
if (finishing) {
nextTable = null;
table = nextTab;
sizeCtl = (n << 1) - (n >>> 1);
return;
}
if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc = sizeCtl, sc - 1)) {
if ((sc - 2) != resizeStamp(n) << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT)
return;
finishing = advance = true;
i = n; // recheck before commit
}
}
else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i)) == null)
advance = casTabAt(tab, i, null, fwd);
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
advance = true; // already processed
else {
synchronized (f) {
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
Node<K,V> ln, hn;
if (fh >= 0) {
int runBit = fh & n;
Node<K,V> lastRun = f;
for (Node<K,V> p = f.next; p != null; p = p.next) {
int b = p.hash & n;
if (b != runBit) {
runBit = b;
lastRun = p;
}
}
if (runBit == 0) {
ln = lastRun;
hn = null;
}
else {
hn = lastRun;
ln = null;
}
for (Node<K,V> p = f; p != lastRun; p = p.next) {
int ph = p.hash; K pk = p.key; V pv = p.val;
if ((ph & n) == 0)
ln = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, ln);
else
hn = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, hn);
}
setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);
setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);
setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
advance = true;
}
else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
TreeNode<K,V> lo = null, loTail = null;
TreeNode<K,V> hi = null, hiTail = null;
int lc = 0, hc = 0;
for (Node<K,V> e = t.first; e != null; e = e.next) {
int h = e.hash;
TreeNode<K,V> p = new TreeNode<K,V>
(h, e.key, e.val, null, null);
if ((h & n) == 0) {
if ((p.prev = loTail) == null)
lo = p;
else
loTail.next = p;
loTail = p;
++lc;
}
else {
if ((p.prev = hiTail) == null)
hi = p;
else
hiTail.next = p;
hiTail = p;
++hc;
}
}
ln = (lc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(lo) :
(hc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(lo) : t;
hn = (hc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(hi) :
(lc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(hi) : t;
setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);
setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);
setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
advance = true;
}
}
}
}
}
}
十一、Counter support
/**
* A padded cell for distributing counts. Adapted from LongAdder
* and Striped64. See their internal docs for explanation.
*/
//用于分布计数的填充单元。改编自LongAdder和Striped64。看一下他们的内部文档。
@sun.misc.Contended static final class CounterCell {
volatile long value;
CounterCell(long x) { value = x; }
}
final long sumCount() {
CounterCell[] as = counterCells; CounterCell a;
long sum = baseCount;
if (as != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < as.length; ++i) {
if ((a = as[i]) != null)
sum += a.value;
}
}
return sum;
}
// See LongAdder version for explanation
// 参见LongAdder版本的解释
private final void fullAddCount(long x, boolean wasUncontended) {
int h;
if ((h = ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe()) == 0) {
ThreadLocalRandom.localInit(); // force initialization
h = ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe();
wasUncontended = true;
}
boolean collide = false; // True if last slot nonempty
for (;;) {
CounterCell[] as; CounterCell a; int n; long v;
if ((as = counterCells) != null && (n = as.length) > 0) {
if ((a = as[(n - 1) & h]) == null) {
if (cellsBusy == 0) { // Try to attach new Cell
CounterCell r = new CounterCell(x); // Optimistic create
if (cellsBusy == 0 &&
U.compareAndSwapInt(this, CELLSBUSY, 0, 1)) {
boolean created = false;
try { // Recheck under lock
CounterCell[] rs; int m, j;
if ((rs = counterCells) != null &&
(m = rs.length) > 0 &&
rs[j = (m - 1) & h] == null) {
rs[j] = r;
created = true;
}
} finally {
cellsBusy = 0;
}
if (created)
break;
continue; // Slot is now non-empty
}
}
collide = false;
}
else if (!wasUncontended) // CAS already known to fail
wasUncontended = true; // Continue after rehash
else if (U.compareAndSwapLong(a, CELLVALUE, v = a.value, v + x))
break;
else if (counterCells != as || n >= NCPU)
collide = false; // At max size or stale
else if (!collide)
collide = true;
else if (cellsBusy == 0 &&
U.compareAndSwapInt(this, CELLSBUSY, 0, 1)) {
try {
if (counterCells == as) {// Expand table unless stale
CounterCell[] rs = new CounterCell[n << 1];
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
rs[i] = as[i];
counterCells = rs;
}
} finally {
cellsBusy = 0;
}
collide = false;
continue; // Retry with expanded table
}
h = ThreadLocalRandom.advanceProbe(h);
}
else if (cellsBusy == 0 && counterCells == as &&
U.compareAndSwapInt(this, CELLSBUSY, 0, 1)) {
boolean init = false;
try { // Initialize table
if (counterCells == as) {
CounterCell[] rs = new CounterCell[2];
rs[h & 1] = new CounterCell(x);
counterCells = rs;
init = true;
}
} finally {
cellsBusy = 0;
}
if (init)
break;
}
else if (U.compareAndSwapLong(this, BASECOUNT, v = baseCount, v + x))
break; // Fall back on using base
}
}
/* ---------------- Conversion from/to TreeBins -------------- */
/**
* Replaces all linked nodes in bin at given index unless table is
* too small, in which case resizes instead.
*/
// 在给定索引处替换bin中的所有链接节点，除非表太小，在这种情况下，将改为调整大小。
private final void treeifyBin(Node<K,V>[] tab, int index) {
Node<K,V> b; int n, sc;
if (tab != null) {
if ((n = tab.length) < MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY)
tryPresize(n << 1);
else if ((b = tabAt(tab, index)) != null && b.hash >= 0) {
synchronized (b) {
if (tabAt(tab, index) == b) {
TreeNode<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
for (Node<K,V> e = b; e != null; e = e.next) {
TreeNode<K,V> p =
new TreeNode<K,V>(e.hash, e.key, e.val,
null, null);
if ((p.prev = tl) == null)
hd = p;
else
tl.next = p;
tl = p;
}
setTabAt(tab, index, new TreeBin<K,V>(hd));
}
}
}
}
}
/**
* Returns a list on non-TreeNodes replacing those in given list.
*/
// 返回非treenodes上的列表，替换给定列表中的列表。
static <K,V> Node<K,V> untreeify(Node<K,V> b) {
Node<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
for (Node<K,V> q = b; q != null; q = q.next) {
Node<K,V> p = new Node<K,V>(q.hash, q.key, q.val, null);
if (tl == null)
hd = p;
else
tl.next = p;
tl = p;
}
return hd;
}
十二、TreeNodes
/**
* Nodes for use in TreeBins
*/
// 在treebin中使用的节点
static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends Node<K,V> {
TreeNode<K,V> parent; // red-black tree links
TreeNode<K,V> left;
TreeNode<K,V> right;
TreeNode<K,V> prev; // needed to unlink next upon deletion
boolean red;
TreeNode(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next,
TreeNode<K,V> parent) {
super(hash, key, val, next);
this.parent = parent;
}
Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
return findTreeNode(h, k, null);
}
/**
* Returns the TreeNode (or null if not found) for the given key
* starting at given root.
*/
// 返回从给定根开始的给定键的TreeNode(如果没有找到则为空)。
final TreeNode<K,V> findTreeNode(int h, Object k, Class<?> kc) {
if (k != null) {
TreeNode<K,V> p = this;
do {
int ph, dir; K pk; TreeNode<K,V> q;
TreeNode<K,V> pl = p.left, pr = p.right;
if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
p = pl;
else if (ph < h)
p = pr;
else if ((pk = p.key) == k || (pk != null && k.equals(pk)))
return p;
else if (pl == null)
p = pr;
else if (pr == null)
p = pl;
else if ((kc != null ||
(kc = comparableClassFor(k)) != null) &&
(dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) != 0)
p = (dir < 0) ? pl : pr;
else if ((q = pr.findTreeNode(h, k, kc)) != null)
return q;
else
p = pl;
} while (p != null);
}
return null;
}
}
十三、TreeBins
/**
* TreeNodes used at the heads of bins. TreeBins do not hold user
* keys or values, but instead point to list of TreeNodes and
* their root. They also maintain a parasitic read-write lock
* forcing writers (who hold bin lock) to wait for readers (who do
* not) to complete before tree restructuring operations.
*/
// 用于桶头的树节点。treebin不保存用户键或值，而是指向treenode及其根的列表。它们还维护一个寄生的读写锁，强制写入者(持有bin锁的人)在树重组操作之前等待读取者(没有)完成操作。
static final class TreeBin<K,V> extends Node<K,V> {
TreeNode<K,V> root;
volatile TreeNode<K,V> first;
volatile Thread waiter;
volatile int lockState;
// values for lockState
static final int WRITER = 1; // set while holding write lock
static final int WAITER = 2; // set when waiting for write lock
static final int READER = 4; // increment value for setting read lock
/**
* Tie-breaking utility for ordering insertions when equal
* hashCodes and non-comparable. We don't require a total
* order, just a consistent insertion rule to maintain
* equivalence across rebalancings. Tie-breaking further than
* necessary simplifies testing a bit.
*/
//当hashCodes相等且不可比较时，用于排序插入的Tie-breaking实用程序。我们不需要一个总的.order，只需要一个一致的插入规则来在重新平衡中保持等价。打破捆绑比必要的更能简化测试。
static int tieBreakOrder(Object a, Object b) {
int d;
if (a == null || b == null ||
(d = a.getClass().getName().
compareTo(b.getClass().getName())) == 0)
d = (System.identityHashCode(a) <= System.identityHashCode(b) ?
-1 : 1);
return d;
}
/**
* Creates bin with initial set of nodes headed by b.
*/
// 创建以b为首的初始节点集的bin。
TreeBin(TreeNode<K,V> b) {
super(TREEBIN, null, null, null);
this.first = b;
TreeNode<K,V> r = null;
for (TreeNode<K,V> x = b, next; x != null; x = next) {
next = (TreeNode<K,V>)x.next;
x.left = x.right = null;
if (r == null) {
x.parent = null;
x.red = false;
r = x;
}
else {
K k = x.key;
int h = x.hash;
Class<?> kc = null;
for (TreeNode<K,V> p = r;;) {
int dir, ph;
K pk = p.key;
if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
dir = -1;
else if (ph < h)
dir = 1;
else if ((kc == null &&
(kc = comparableClassFor(k)) == null) ||
(dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) == 0)
dir = tieBreakOrder(k, pk);
TreeNode<K,V> xp = p;
if ((p = (dir <= 0) ? p.left : p.right) == null) {
x.parent = xp;
if (dir <= 0)
xp.left = x;
else
xp.right = x;
r = balanceInsertion(r, x);
break;
}
}
}
}
this.root = r;
assert checkInvariants(root);
}
/**
* Acquires write lock for tree restructuring.
*/
// 为树重组获取写锁
private final void lockRoot() {
if (!U.compareAndSwapInt(this, LOCKSTATE, 0, WRITER))
contendedLock(); // offload to separate method
}
/**
* Releases write lock for tree restructuring.
*/
//为树重组释放写锁。
private final void unlockRoot() {
lockState = 0;
}
/**
* Possibly blocks awaiting root lock.
*/
// 可能阻塞等待根锁。
private final void contendedLock() {
boolean waiting = false;
for (int s;;) {
if (((s = lockState) & ~WAITER) == 0) {
if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, LOCKSTATE, s, WRITER)) {
if (waiting)
waiter = null;
return;
}
}
else if ((s & WAITER) == 0) {
if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, LOCKSTATE, s, s | WAITER)) {
waiting = true;
waiter = Thread.currentThread();
}
}
else if (waiting)
LockSupport.park(this);
}
}
/**
* Returns matching node or null if none. Tries to search
* using tree comparisons from root, but continues linear
* search when lock not available.
*/
// 返回匹配的节点，如果没有则返回null。尝试使用来自根的树比较进行搜索，但在锁不可用时继续线性搜索。
final Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
if (k != null) {
for (Node<K,V> e = first; e != null; ) {
int s; K ek;
if (((s = lockState) & (WAITER|WRITER)) != 0) {
if (e.hash == h &&
((ek = e.key) == k || (ek != null && k.equals(ek))))
return e;
e = e.next;
}
else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, LOCKSTATE, s,
s + READER)) {
TreeNode<K,V> r, p;
try {
p = ((r = root) == null ? null :
r.findTreeNode(h, k, null));
} finally {
Thread w;
if (U.getAndAddInt(this, LOCKSTATE, -READER) ==
(READER|WAITER) && (w = waiter) != null)
LockSupport.unpark(w);
}
return p;
}
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Finds or adds a node.
* @return null if added
*/
// 查找或添加节点
final TreeNode<K,V> putTreeVal(int h, K k, V v) {
Class<?> kc = null;
boolean searched = false;
for (TreeNode<K,V> p = root;;) {
int dir, ph; K pk;
if (p == null) {
first = root = new TreeNode<K,V>(h, k, v, null, null);
break;
}
else if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
dir = -1;
else if (ph < h)
dir = 1;
else if ((pk = p.key) == k || (pk != null && k.equals(pk)))
return p;
else if ((kc == null &&
(kc = comparableClassFor(k)) == null) ||
(dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) == 0) {
if (!searched) {
TreeNode<K,V> q, ch;
searched = true;
if (((ch = p.left) != null &&
(q = ch.findTreeNode(h, k, kc)) != null) ||
((ch = p.right) != null &&
(q = ch.findTreeNode(h, k, kc)) != null))
return q;
}
dir = tieBreakOrder(k, pk);
}
TreeNode<K,V> xp = p;
if ((p = (dir <= 0) ? p.left : p.right) == null) {
TreeNode<K,V> x, f = first;
first = x = new TreeNode<K,V>(h, k, v, f, xp);
if (f != null)
f.prev = x;
if (dir <= 0)
xp.left = x;
else
xp.right = x;
if (!xp.red)
x.red = true;
else {
lockRoot();
try {
root = balanceInsertion(root, x);
} finally {
unlockRoot();
}
}
break;
}
}
assert checkInvariants(root);
return null;
}
/**
* Removes the given node, that must be present before this
* call. This is messier than typical red-black deletion code
* because we cannot swap the contents of an interior node
* with a leaf successor that is pinned by "next" pointers
* that are accessible independently of lock. So instead we
* swap the tree linkages.
*
* @return true if now too small, so should be untreeified
*/
// 删除在调用之前必须存在的给定节点。这比典型的红黑删除代码更混乱，因为我们不能将内部节点的内容与由独立于锁访问的“next”指针固定的叶继承节点交换。所以我们交换了连杆树。我
final boolean removeTreeNode(TreeNode<K,V> p) {
TreeNode<K,V> next = (TreeNode<K,V>)p.next;
TreeNode<K,V> pred = p.prev; // unlink traversal pointers
TreeNode<K,V> r, rl;
if (pred == null)
first = next;
else
pred.next = next;
if (next != null)
next.prev = pred;
if (first == null) {
root = null;
return true;
}
if ((r = root) == null || r.right == null || // too small
(rl = r.left) == null || rl.left == null)
return true;
lockRoot();
try {
TreeNode<K,V> replacement;
TreeNode<K,V> pl = p.left;
TreeNode<K,V> pr = p.right;
if (pl != null && pr != null) {
TreeNode<K,V> s = pr, sl;
while ((sl = s.left) != null) // find successor
s = sl;
boolean c = s.red; s.red = p.red; p.red = c; // swap colors
TreeNode<K,V> sr = s.right;
TreeNode<K,V> pp = p.parent;
if (s == pr) { // p was s's direct parent
p.parent = s;
s.right = p;
}
else {
TreeNode<K,V> sp = s.parent;
if ((p.parent = sp) != null) {
if (s == sp.left)
sp.left = p;
else
sp.right = p;
}
if ((s.right = pr) != null)
pr.parent = s;
}
p.left = null;
if ((p.right = sr) != null)
sr.parent = p;
if ((s.left = pl) != null)
pl.parent = s;
if ((s.parent = pp) == null)
r = s;
else if (p == pp.left)
pp.left = s;
else
pp.right = s;
if (sr != null)
replacement = sr;
else
replacement = p;
}
else if (pl != null)
replacement = pl;
else if (pr != null)
replacement = pr;
else
replacement = p;
if (replacement != p) {
TreeNode<K,V> pp = replacement.parent = p.parent;
if (pp == null)
r = replacement;
else if (p == pp.left)
pp.left = replacement;
else
pp.right = replacement;
p.left = p.right = p.parent = null;
}
root = (p.red) ? r : balanceDeletion(r, replacement);
if (p == replacement) { // detach pointers
TreeNode<K,V> pp;
if ((pp = p.parent) != null) {
if (p == pp.left)
pp.left = null;
else if (p == pp.right)
pp.right = null;
p.parent = null;
}
}
} finally {
unlockRoot();
}
assert checkInvariants(root);
return false;
}
十四、Red-black tree methods, all adapted from CLR
红-黑树的一些方法，都来自CLR
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