python字符串

下标

str1="abcdefgh"##从0开始，0是a，1是b...
print(str1)

print(str1[2])##print(函数名[下标])

print(str1[1:4])##下标

print(str1[-4:-1])##倒数，从右往左数第四位至第二位

print(str1[-4:])##打印后四位

字符串输出

print("hello")

name = 1

print("hello %s" % name)

print(f'hello {name}')

输入
input

字符串查找

name = '''Books are friends, which can take us to the ocean of knowledge; 
A book is a teacher. When I have a problem I don't understand, it can give me an answer; 
Books are home. When we are lonely, they can bring us warmth and happiness'''##假如给我三天光明节选

print(name.find('are'))##检测某个子串所在位置下标,没有则返回-1
print(name.find('are',15,45))##选定范围15到45
'''rfind,用法相同，从右侧开始检测'''


print(name.index('are'))##检测某个子串所在位置下标,没有则报异常
print(name.index('are',1,9))##上同
##print(name.index('ares'))
'''rindex，用法相同，从右侧开始检测'''


print(name.count('are'))##检测字串在字符串中的出现次数
print(name.count('are',15,45))##上同

字符串修改

name = '''Books are friends, which can take us to the ocean of knowledge; 
A book is a teacher. When I have a problem I don't understand, it can give me an answer; 
Books are home. When we are lonely, they can bring us warmth and happiness'''##假如给我三天光明节选

##replace替换
new_name=name.replace('are','era',1)##字符串.replace('旧子串','新子串',替换次数)  替换次数可省略
print(f"{new_name}\n")



##split分割,返回列表，丢失分割子串
new_name1=name.split('are',2)####字符串.split('分割子串',分割次数) 分割次数可省略
print(f"{new_name1}\n")



##jion合并列表里的数据，变成一个字符串
my_list=['aaa','bbb','ccc']

new_my_list = 'xxx'.join(my_list)####字符串或子串.jion(列表)
print(new_my_list)

大小写转化

name = '''Books are friends, which can take us to the ocean of knowledge'''##假如给我三天光明节选

##catipalize,将字符串第一个字符转化为大写，其余小写
print(name.capitalize())

##title,将字符串中每个单词的首字母转化为大写，其余小写
print(name.title())

##lower,大转小
print(name.lower())

##upper，小转大
print(name.upper())

删除两侧空白字符

name = '''   Books are friends, which can take us to the ocean of knowledge   '''##假如给我三天光明节选

##strip，删除两侧空白字符
print(name.strip())
'''lstrip,删除左侧空白字符;rstrip,删除右侧空白字符'''

字符串左中有对齐

name = 'Books'
'''ljust,左对齐
   rjust,右对齐
   center，居中
'''
print(name.ljust(10))##字符串.ljust(长度,填充字符)
print(name.ljust(10,'.'))

print(name.rjust(10))

print(name.center(10))

字符串判断

name = '''Books are friends, which can take us to the ocean of knowledge'''##假如给我三天光明节选

##startswith检查字符串是否以指定子串开头，是则返回true，否则返回false
print(name.startswith('Books'))
print(name.startswith('books'))##字符串.startswith('子串',开始位置下标,结束位置下标)

print(name.startswith('books',15,25))

##isalpha字符串至少有一个字符且所有字符都是字母则返回true，反之返回false

my_str='abcde'
my_str1='abcde12345'
print(my_str.isalpha())
print(my_str1.isalpha())

##isdigit字符串只包含数字则返回true，反之返回false
my_num='12345'
my_num1='12345a'
print(my_num.isdigit())
print(my_num1.isdigit())

'''isalnum字符串至少有一个字符且都是字母或数字返回true，反之false'''
print(my_num.isalnum())
my_num2='///123aa'
print(my_num2.isalnum())