string基本操作（C++）

1. 增
   1.1 “+”

    str = str + ss;
    cout << str << endl; //234561

2. 提取字串
   2.1 substr
   substr(pos): 提取从位置pos开始到末尾的子串。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    string str = "123456";
    //substr(pos): 提取从位置pos开始到末尾的子串。
    string a = str.substr(0);
    cout << a << endl; // 123456

}

substr(pos, len): 提取从位置pos开始的长度为len的子串

    //substr(pos, len): 提取从位置pos开始的长度为len的子串
    string b = str.substr(0, 2);
    cout << b << endl; // 12

2.2 截取特定字符前后的字符串，例如“.”

    string str = "123.456";
    string m, n;
    m = str.substr(0, str.find('.'));
    n = str.substr(str.find(".")+1);
    cout << m << "     " << n; //123     456

3. 删
   3.1 erase

    string ss = str.substr(0, 3);
    str.erase(0, 3); // 删除从0开始的3个字符
    str = str + ss;
    cout << str << endl; //456123

4. 计算string的长度

int len = str.size();

5. 字符串排序
   sort(str.begin(), str.end());

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

int main(){
    string str;
    cin >> str;
    sort(str.begin(), str.end());// dcdcba  --> abccdd
    cout << str <<endl;
}

6. 字符串的倒转

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
int main(){
    string str = "123.456";
    reverse(str.begin(), str.end());
    cout << str; //654.321
}

7. 字符串内数字相加

    string a = "123456";
    string b = "456789";
    reverse(a.begin(), a.end());
    reverse(b.begin(), b.end());
    string ans = "";
    int carry = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < a.size(); i++){
        int sum = (a[i] - '0') + (b[i] - '0') +carry;
        int remain = sum %10;
        char digit = '0' + remain;;
        ans = digit + ans;
        carry = sum /10;
    }
    if(carry == 1) ans = "1"+ ans;
    cout << ans << endl; //580245