企业DNS服务器搭建

dns服务器部署

1.关于dns的名词解释

dns:
domain name service(域名解析服务)

#关于客户端:#
/etc/resolv.conf ##dns指向文件
nameserver 172.25.254.20

#测试：
host www.baidu.com ##地址解析命令
dig www.baidu.com ##地址详细解析信息命令

A记录 ##ip地址叫做域名的Address 记录
SOA ##授权起始主机
dns顶级
. 13
次级
.com .net .edu .org …

baidu.com

#关于服务端#
bind ##安装包
named ##服务名称
/etc/named.conf ##主配置文件
/var/named ##数据目录
端口 ##53

关于报错信息：
1.no servers could be reached ##服务无法访问（服务开启？火墙？网络？端口？）
2.服务启动失败 ##配置文件写错 journalctl -xe查询错误
3.dig 查询状态
NOERROR ##表示查询成功
REFUSED ##服务拒绝访问
SERVFAIL ##查询记录失败,（dns服务器无法到达上级，拒绝缓存）
NXDOMAIN ##此域名A记录在dns中不存在

2.dns服务的安装与启用

#安装#
dnf install bind.x86_64 -y

#启用#
systemctl enable --now named
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=dns
firewall-cmd --reload

vim /etc/named.conf
11 listen-on port 53 { any; }; ##在本地所有网络接口上开启53端口
19 allow-query { any; }; ##允许查询A记录的客户端列表
34 dnssec-validation no; ##禁用dns检测使dns能够缓存外部信息到本纪

systemctl restart named

指向dns服务器






本地解析时间缩短到零

3.高速缓存dns

20行左右 forwarders { 114.114.114.114; };

4.dns的正向解析

vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zone
zone “westos.com” IN { ##维护的域名
type master; ##当前服务器位主dns
file “westos.com.zone”; ##域名A记录文件
allow-update { none; }; ##允许更新主机列表
};

cd /var/named/
cp -p named.localhost westos.com.zone
$TTL 1D #TIME-TO-LIVE(dns地址保存时间长度)
@ IN SOA dns.westos.com. root.westos.com ( #SOA授权起始(Start of Authority)
0 ; serial #域名版本序列号
1D ; refresh #刷新时间（辅助dns）
1H ; retry #重试时间（辅助dns）
1W ; expire #过期时间（辅助dns,查询失败过期停止对辅助域名的应答）
3H ) ; minimum #A记录最短有效期
NS dns.westos.com.
dns A 192.168.0.20
www CNAME westos.a.westos.com. ##规范域名
westos.a A 192.168.0.111 ##正向解析记录
westos.a A 192.168.0.112
westos.com. MX 1 192.168.0.20. ##邮件解析记录

systemctl restart named

dig www.westos.com #查询正向解析
dig -t mx westos.com #邮件解析记录查询







不存在时出现SOA

www CNAME westos.a.westos.com. ##规范域名

邮件

5.dns的反向解析

vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone “0.168.192.in-addr.arpa” IN {
type master;
file “192.168.0.ptr”;
allow-update { none; };
};

cd /var/named/
cp -p named.loopback 192.168.0.ptr

vim 192.168.0.ptr
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA dns.westos.com. root.westos.com. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS dns.westos.com.
dns A 192.168.0.20
11 PTR www.westos.com.
12 PTR bbs.westos.com.
13 PTR news.westos.com.

systemctl restart named

测试：
dig -x 192.168.0.11

6.dns的双向解析

实验环境：
客户端2台
1.1.1.0网段
172.25.254.0网段 ##ifconfig ens160 172.25.254.30 netmask 255.255.255.0

服务端1台2个网段的ip
1.1.1.0
172.25.254.0

配置方式：
cd /var/named/
cp -p westos.com.zone westos.com.inter
vim westos.com.inter
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA dns.westos.com. root.westos.com (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS dns.westos.com.
dns A 172.25.254.20
www CNAME westos.a.westos.com.
westos.a A 172.25.254.111
westos.a A 172.25.254.112
westos.com. MX 1 172.25.254.20. #mail exchanger

cp -p /etc/named.rfc1912.zones /etc/named.rfc1912.inters
vim /etc/named.rfc1912.inters
zone “westos.com” IN {
type master;
file “westos.com.inter”;
allow-update { none; };
};

vim /etc/named.conf
#zone “.” IN {
##type hint;
##file “named.ca”;
##};

##include “/etc/named.rfc1912.zones”;
##include “/etc/named.root.key”;

view localnet {
match-clients { 192.168.0.0/24; };
zone “.” IN {
type hint;
file “named.ca”;
};
include “/etc/named.rfc1912.zones”;
include “/etc/named.root.key”;
};

view internet {
match-clients { any; };
zone “.” IN {
type hint;
file “named.ca”;
};
include “/etc/named.rfc1912.inters”;
include “/etc/named.root.key”;
};

注释掉原本的命令

systemctl restart named

测试：
分别在2个网段的主机中作同样域名的地址解析
得到的A记录不同

7.dns集群

主dns：
zone “westos.com” IN {
type master;
file “westos.com.zone”;
allow-update { none; };
also-notify { 192.168.0.30; }; ##主动通知的辅助dns主机
};

vim /var/named/westos.com.zone
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA dns.westos.com. root.westos.com (
2020031402 ; serial ##每次修改A记录文件需要
1D ; refresh ##变更此参数的值
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS dns.westos.com.
dns A 192.168.0.20
www CNAME westos.a.westos.com.
westos.a A 192.168.0.210
westos.a A 192.168.0.211
westos.com. MX 1 192.168.0.20.

slave dns：
dnf install bind -y
firewall-cmd --add-service=dns

vim /etc/named.conf
listen-on port 53 { any; };
allow-query { any; };
dnssec-validation no;

vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zone
zone “westos.com” IN {
type slave; ##dns状态位辅助dns
masters { 192.168.0.20; }; ##主dns
file “slaves/westos.com.zone”; ##同步数据文件
};

systemctl restart named

会在辅助机上自动生成



给辅助机更新

8.dns的更新

dns基于ip地址的更新：
在dns中设定：
vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

zone “westos.com” IN {
type master;
file “westos.com.zone”;
allow-update { 192.168.0.10; }; ##允许指定客户端更新westos域
also-notify { 192.168.0.30; };
};
测试：
在192.168.0.10
[root@rhel7_node1 ~]# nsupdate

server 192.168.0.20
update add hello.westos.com 86400 A 192.168.0.111 ##新曾A记录
send
update delete hello.westos.com ##删除A记录
send

dns基于key更新的方式:
dnssec-keygen -a HMAC-SHA256 -b 128 -n HOST westos
cp -p /etc/rndc.key /etc/wesots.key
vim /etc/wesots.key
key “westos” {
algorithm hmac-sha256;
secret “SB1tQcLaWeroU9lGW21zeA==”;
};

vim /etc/named.conf
43 include “/etc/wesots.key”;

vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone “westos.com” IN {
type master;
file “westos.com.zone”;
allow-update { key westosguo; };
also-notify { 192.168.0.30; };
};

systemctl restart named
更新失败

发送秘钥

更新后会在主要dns中生成 .jnl文件

9.ddns（dhcp+dns）

dnf instsall dhcp-server -y
vim /etc/dhcpd/dhcpd.conf
#dhcpd.conf

#Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd

#option definitions common to all supported networks…
option domain-name “westos.com”;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.20;

default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;

#Use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updates globally.
ddns-update-style interim;

#If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
#network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
#authoritative;

#Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
#have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local7;

#No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the
#DHCP server to understand the network topology.

#This is a very basic subnet declaration.

subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.0.51 192.168.0.80;
option routers 192.168.0.1;

}

key westos {
algorithm hmac-sha256;
secret SB1tQcLaWeroU9lGW21zeA==;
};

zone westos.com. {
primary 127.0.0.1;
key westos;
}

dns的key更新

测试主机改为dhcp类型

测试：

设定测试主机网络工作方式为dhcp
设定主机名称test.westos.com

重启网络

dig test.westos.com

可以得到正确解析