springboot总结

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-23 10:11:41 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-03-23 10:11:41 发布

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分类专栏： springboot 文章标签： spring boot

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总结

springboot如何开启自动配置
springboot如何处理异常的
在springboot中，如何使用拦截器?

springboot如何开启自动配置

1、main方法所在类的@SpringBootApplication注解

@SpringBootApplication       <-----------------注解
public class SpringbootQuickApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootQuickApplication.class,args);
    }
}

2、点进去注解类上有一个@EnableAutoConfiguration

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration	 <--------------注解 
@ComponentScan(
    excludeFilters = {@Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}
), @Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class}
)}
)

3、点进注解类上有一个注解

			@Import{AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class}

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
    String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";
    Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
    String[] excludeName() default {};
}

在AutoConfigurationImportSelector类中会执行getCandidateConfigurations（AnnotationMetadata metadata,AnnotationAttributes attributes）方法里面有一行：
List configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(
getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader());
这里就会扫描具有MEAT-INF/spring.factories文件的jar包，得到所有的配置类：

protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
 AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
    List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames
    	(this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this.getBeanClassLoader());
       return configurations;
}

4、找到spring.factories文件的内容看下

在这里插入图片描述

4.1、spring.factories自动注入的内容


# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.LifecycleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\

4.2、解释几个注解

@SpringBootApplication：启动stringboot环境 
@ComponentScan：配置包扫描
@ImportResource：引入自定义配置文件

springboot如何处理异常的

1 、自定义错误页面

 如 果 我 们 需 要 将 所 有 的 异 常 同 一 跳 转 到 自 定 义 的 错 误 页 面 
  需 要 再src/main/resources/templates 目录下创建 error.html 页面。注意：名称必须叫 error

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
   <meta charset="UTF-8">
   <title>错误提示页面</title>
  </head>
  <body>
   错了 我不giao了
   <span th:text="${exception}"></span>
  </body>
</html>

2、@ExceptionHandle 注解处理异常

上一种方法不管发生什么异常，都只能跳转到一个页面，颗粒度太大而这一种方式可以实现对不同的异常做不同的处理

@Controller
public class DemoController {
	@RequestMapping("/show")
	public String showInfo(){
			String str = null;
			str.length();
		return "index";
	}
	@RequestMapping("/show2")
	public String showInfo2(){
			int a = 10/0;
		return "index";
	}
// 算数错误	
@ExceptionHandler(value={java.lang.ArithmeticException.class})
public ModelAndView arithmeticExceptionHandler(Exception e){
	ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
		mv.addObject("error", e.toString());
		mv.setViewName("error1");
	return mv;
	}

//空指针异常
@ExceptionHandler(value={java.lang.NullPointerException.class})
public ModelAndView nullPointerExceptionHandler(Exception e){
	ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
		mv.addObject("error", e.toString());
		mv.setViewName("error2");
	return mv;
	}

页面1

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>错误提示页面-ArithmeticException</title>
 </head>
 <body>
  出错了，请与管理员联系。。。
  <span th:text="${error}"></span>
 </body>
</html>

页面2

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>错误提示页面-NullPointerException</title>
 </head>
 <body>
  <span th:text="${error}"></span>
 </body>
</html>

3、@ControllerAdvice+@ExceptionHandler 注解处理异常

上一种方式必须要在每一个Controler里面重复写异常处理代码，代码复用性太差，这一种方法可以实现异常的全局处理。需要创建一个能够处理异常的全局异常类。在该类上需要添加@ControllerAdvice 注解

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalException {

	//java.lang.ArithmeticException
	@ExceptionHandler(value={java.lang.ArithmeticException.class})
	public ModelAndView arithmeticExceptionHandler(Exception e){
			ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
				mv.addObject("error", e.toString());
				mv.setViewName("error1");
			return mv;
		}
		
	//java.lang.NullPointerException
	ExceptionHandler(value={java.lang.NullPointerException.class})
	public ModelAndView nullPointerExceptionHandler(Exception e){
			ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
				mv.addObject("error", e.toString());
				mv.setViewName("error2");
			return mv;
		}
	}
}

4、配置 SimpleMappingExceptionResolver 处理异常

//通过 SimpleMappingExceptionResolver 做全局异常处理
@Configuration
public class GlobalException {


//该方法必须要有返回值。返回值类型必须是：SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
@Bean
public SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
	getSimpleMappingExceptionResolver(){
			SimpleMappingExceptionResolver resolver = new
			SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();
		Properties mappings = new Properties();
		/**
		* 参数一：异常的类型，注意必须是异常类型的全名
		* 参数二：视图名称
		*/
		mappings.put("java.lang.ArithmeticException", "error1");
		mappings.put("java.lang.NullPointerException","error2");
		//设置异常与视图映射信息的
		resolver.setExceptionMappings(mappings);
		return resolver;
	}
}

5、自定义 HandlerExceptionResolver 类处理异常

/**
* 通过实现 HandlerExceptionResolver 接口做全局异常处理
*/
@Configuration
public class GlobalException implements HandlerExceptionResolver {

	@Override
	public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request,
			HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,Exception ex) {
		ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
		//判断不同异常类型，做不同视图跳转
		if(ex instanceof ArithmeticException){
			mv.setViewName("error1");
		}
		if(ex instanceof NullPointerException){
			mv.setViewName("error2");
		}
		mv.addObject("error", ex.toString());
		return mv;
	}
}

在springboot中，如何使用拦截器?

1、实现拦截器

public class InterceptorDemo extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, 			Object o) throws Exception {
        StringBuffer requestURL = httpServletRequest.getRequestURL();
        System.out.println("前置拦截器1 preHandle： 请求的uri为："+requestURL.toString());
        return true;
    }
     @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object 		o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("拦截器1 postHandle： ");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, 		Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("拦截器1 afterCompletion： ");
    }
}

2、注册拦截器

@Configuration
public class InterceptorConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer{
	
    //注册自定义拦截器
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(new InterceptorDemo2()).addPathPatterns("/**");
        registry.addInterceptor(new InterceptorDemo()).addPathPatterns("/**");
    }
 }

在springboot中，如何扩展springmvc的功能

@Configuration  		<-----注解 
public class WebMVCConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {   <----实现WebMvcConfigurer

    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("index");
        registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("index");
        registry.addViewController("/index").setViewName("index");
        //定义跳转到主页面的视图
        registry.addViewController("/dashboard.html").setViewName("dashboard");
    }

    
}