D06 Python基础_字典

Python字典

---

字典 dict

1. 定义：用 {} 定义

字典是一种以 键值对 的形式存储数据的数据类型。

格式：dic = {key1:value1, key2:value2}
dic = {"jay":"周杰伦", "金毛狮王":"谢逊"}

2. 特点

(1)字典的key必须是可哈希的数据类型
(2)字典的value可以使任意数据类型

3. 数据操作

(1) 数据索引

dic = {"jay":"周杰伦", "金毛狮王":"谢逊"}
print(dic["jay"]) # 类似于列表

#结果：
周杰伦

(2) 数据增删改查

a.数据按顺序增加
	dic = dict()
	dic["jay"] = "周杰伦"
	dic["金毛狮王"] = "谢逊"
	print(dic)

	#结果：
	{"jay":"周杰伦", "金毛狮王":"谢逊"}

b.数据的删除
	pop(key)删除指定的键值对
	dic = {"jay":"周杰伦", "金毛狮王":"谢逊"}
	dic.pop("jay")
	print(dic)
	
	#结果：
	{"金毛狮王":"谢逊"}
	
	clear()删除所有的键值对

c.数据的修改
	dic = {"jay":"周杰伦", "金毛狮王":"谢逊"}
	dic["jay"] = "昆凌" # 直接覆盖原数据
	print(dic)
	
	#结果：
	{"jay":"昆凌", "金毛狮王":"谢逊"}

d.数据的查找
	dic = {"jay":"周杰伦", "金毛狮王":"谢逊"}
	print(dic["jay"]) # 如果原字典中没有对应的数据，程序报错
	print(dic.get["jay"]) # 如果原字典中没有对应的数据，程序返回None
	注：None 为 python中的一个数据类型"NoneType",对其无法进行任何操作

(3) 字典循环和嵌套

1. 字典的循环
	a.从字典中直接提取出key或value
		dic = {"jay":"周杰伦", "金毛狮王":"谢逊"}
		for key in dic: # 默认就是从字典dic中提取key
			print(key)
		for value in dic: # 默认就是从字典dic中提取value
			print(value)
	
	b.把key保存在一个列表中 
		# keys() 以元组的形式输出字典的keys
		dic = {"jay":"周杰伦", "金毛狮王":"谢逊"}
		print(list(dic.keys()))
	
	c.value保存在一个列表中 
		# values() 以元组的形式输出字典的values
		dic = {"jay":"周杰伦", "金毛狮王":"谢逊"}
		print(list(dic.values()))
	
	d.****从字典中直接提取出key和value****
		# items() 以元组的形式输出字典的键值对
		dic = {"jay":"周杰伦", "金毛狮王":"谢逊"}
		for key,value in dic.items():
			print(key, value)
			
	注：元组或者列表的解包或解构
		a,b = (1,2)
		print(a,b)
		
		#结果
		1 2
2. 字典的嵌套
	wangfeng = {"name":"汪峰"
				"age":"18"
				"wife":{"name":"章子怡"
						"age":"18"
						"work":{
						"work1":"演员"
						"work2":"歌手"
								}
						}
				"children":[
					{"name":"孩子1", "age":"10"}
					{"name":"孩子2", "age":"5"}
					{"name":"孩子3", "age":"2"}
							]	
			    }
	print(wangfeng["wife"]["work"]["work1"])
	wangfeng["children"][1]["age"] = wangfeng["children"][1]["age"] + 1
	print(wangfeng["children"][1]["age"])
	#结果
	演员
	11