PCM音频处理（3）——格式转换

一、PCM16转PCM8

PCM16LE格式的采样数据的取值范围是-32768到32767，而PCM8格式的采样数据的取值范围是0到255。所以PCM16LE转换到PCM8需要经过两个步骤：

1. 第一步是将-32768到32767的16bit有符号数值转换为-128到127的8bit有符号数值。
2. 第二步是将-128到127的8bit有符号数值转换为0到255的8bit无符号数值。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int pcm16_pcm8(char* fileName)
{
	FILE *fp = fopen(fileName,"rb+");
	FILE* fp1 = fopen("pcm8.pcm","wb+");

	int cnt = 0;
	unsigned char* readBuf = malloc(4);

	while (!feof(fp))
	{
		short* readBuf16 = NULL;

		char readBuf8 = 0;

		unsigned char *readBuf8_u = 0;
		fread(readBuf, 1, 4, fp);
		//符号数值转换
		//存储左声道的数据
		readBuf16 = (short*)readBuf;
		readBuf8 = (*readBuf16)>>8;
		readBuf8_u = readBuf8 + 128;
		//左声道
		fwrite(&readBuf8_u,1,1,fp1);
		//存储右声道的数据
		readBuf16 = (short*)(readBuf+2);
		readBuf8 = (*readBuf16) >> 8;
		readBuf8_u = readBuf8 + 128;
 		//右
		fwrite(&readBuf8_u,1,1, fp1);
		cnt++;
	}
	printf("readBuf cnt :%d\n",cnt);
	free(readBuf);
	fclose(fp);
	fclose(fp1);
	return 0;
}
int main()
{
	pcm16_pcm8("shishi.pcm");
	return 0;
}

这里可以看出我们的内存大小也不一样，这就是我们平时下载的音乐的高品质和低品质的差距吧，专业人员听这两个的音频应该会听出差距，但我听了半天也没听出啥差距。。。

二、PCM转AVE

PCM转MAVE类似于将rgb格式图片存为bmp，在程序前面加一段函数，让他能够被封装起来。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int pcm16_mave(const char *pcmpath,int channels, int sample_rate,const char *wavepath)
{
	typedef struct 
	{
		char fccID[4];
		unsigned int dwSize;
		char fccType[4];
	}WAVE_HEADER;
	typedef struct
	{
		char fccID[4];
		unsigned int dwSize;
		unsigned short  wFormatTag;
		unsigned short wChannels;
		unsigned int dwSamplesPerSec;
		unsigned int dwAvgBytesPerSec;
		unsigned short wBlockAlign;
		unsigned short uiBitsPerSample;
	}WAVE_FMT;
	typedef struct
	{
		char fccID[4];
		unsigned int dwSize;
	}WAVE_DATA;
	if (channels == 0 || sample_rate == 0)
	{
		channels = 2;
		sample_rate = 44100;
	}
	int bits = 16;

	WAVE_HEADER pcmHEADER;
	WAVE_FMT pcmFMT;
	WAVE_DATA pcmDATA;

	unsigned short m_pcmData;
	FILE *fp = fopen(pcmpath,"rb+");
	FILE* fp1 = fopen(wavepath,"wb+");

	if (NULL == fp)
	{
		printf("open pcm file error\n");
		return -1;
	}
	if (NULL == fp1)
	{
		printf("open mave file error\n");
		return -1;
	}
	memcpy(pcmHEADER.fccID, "RIFF", strlen("RIFF"));
	memcpy(pcmHEADER.fccType, "WAVE", strlen("WAVE"));
	fseek(fp1, sizeof(WAVE_HEADER), 1);
	
	pcmFMT.dwSamplesPerSec = sample_rate;
	pcmFMT.dwAvgBytesPerSec = pcmFMT.dwSamplesPerSec * sizeof(m_pcmData);
	pcmFMT.uiBitsPerSample = bits;
	memcpy(pcmFMT.fccID, "fmt ", strlen("fmt"));
	pcmFMT.dwSize = 16;
	pcmFMT.wBlockAlign = 2;
	pcmFMT.wChannels = channels;
	pcmFMT.wFormatTag = 1;
	
	fwrite(&pcmFMT, sizeof(WAVE_FMT), 1, fp1);

	memcpy(pcmDATA.fccID, "data", strlen("data"));
	pcmDATA.dwSize = 0;
	fseek(fp1, sizeof(WAVE_DATA), SEEK_CUR);

	fread(&m_pcmData, sizeof(unsigned short), 1, fp);
	while (!feof(fp)) {
		pcmDATA.dwSize += 2;
		fwrite(&m_pcmData, sizeof(unsigned short), 1, fp1);
		fread(&m_pcmData, sizeof(unsigned short), 1, fp);
	}

	pcmHEADER.dwSize = 44 + pcmDATA.dwSize;

	rewind(fp1);
	fwrite(&pcmHEADER, sizeof(WAVE_HEADER), 1, fp1);
	fseek(fp1, sizeof(WAVE_FMT), SEEK_CUR);
	fwrite(&pcmDATA, sizeof(WAVE_DATA), 1, fp1);

	fclose(fp);
	fclose(fp1);
	
	return 0;
}
int main()
{
	pcm16_mave("shishi.pcm",2,44100,"shishi.wav");
	return 0;
}

这里我转化出来的wave是播放不了的，我想应该是封装函数有问题，后面再去解决，因为之前YUV图片封装也是这样，后面我找到原因再解决。