2020-10-04

矫若游龙

于 2020-10-04 15:00:38 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51187999/article/details/108919037

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本文详细阐述了中考英语阅读理解的解题技巧和提分策略，包括如何根据课标要求理解文章主旨、细节、逻辑关系及词义，并提供了具体的解题步骤和实例。此外，分析了江西省中考阅读理解题型特点，强调词汇准备、坚持阅读和运用阅读策略的重要性，以助考生提升阅读理解能力。

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中考英语阅读理解题解题技巧与提分策略

培养学生阅读能力是中学英语教学新课程标准一个主要的教学目标，阅读理解题是中考分值中最大的一类题。俗话说： “得阅读者得英语，得英语者得中考。” 所以做好英语阅读理解题是英语中考成功的关键。

一、 新课标关于阅读的解读及命题依据

中考英语阅读理解考什么呢？我们首先来看看课标对阅读的要求。新课标对初中毕业生的阅读要求是：

1．能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义。

2. 能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。

3. 能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局。 4. 能读懂相应水平的常见体裁的读物。

5.能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。

6.不借助词典能读懂含有3%左右生词的语言材料。能根据不同的阅读目的，运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。

根据课标要求，中考阅读理解题命题的依据是：

能根据不同的阅读目的，运用简单的阅读策略快速获取细节信息。

能把握所读材料的中心思想和主要事实。

能把握所读材料的主要逻辑线索，事件和空间的顺序。

能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解词义。

能根据上下文理解作者的态度、观点和意图。

能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和结局。

二、阅读理解考点分析归纳

旨在检查学生的把握主旨能力、概括归纳能力、细节提取能力、信息推理能力、信息分析能力和猜测单词能力等。因此中考阅读理解题考点可以归纳为：主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、猜测词义题和代词指代题等。

（一） 主旨大意题

考查对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。提问方式有：

1问标题

What is the main topic of the passage？

What’s the best title for the passage?

（二）细节理解题

细节题常见的命题形式：

Which of the following is True/Not True?（判断是非题）

Choose the right order of the events given in the passage. （排练顺序）

What can we know about ... from the passage?

Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

用Where, how, who, why, how long(数字计算题）等引导的特殊疑问句要求判断细节。

（三）推理判断题

1.推理深层含义

What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage?

What can we get from the passage?

2、推理作者意图、观点、态度

What's the writer’s purpose in writing this story?

What's the writer’s opinion of ...?

What should be the right attitude towards “…”?

（四）猜测词义题

What does the underlined word " " in Paragraph 2 mean？

（五）代词指代题

What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to?

三、江西省近年来阅读理解题分析

江西省中考英语阅读理解题占分40分，其中A部分30分，为四选一的形式，B部分10分，为七选五的形式。

A部分有四篇文章，通过对近年来江西省中考分析，我们发现：

A篇是一篇应用文，内容多为宣传广告，通知，招聘广告，旅游或参观指南等。表格一般3到4个。3道试题，一般都是细节理解题（时间，地点，价格，数字计算题，判断正误）

B篇一般是记叙文，且以外国人物故事为主。4到题目，前面2道是细节理解题，后面两道是推理判断题、代词指代题或主旨大意题。

C篇和D篇多为说明文。具有鲜明的时代性，思想性，教育性，实用性或趣味性。每篇文章4个小题中有1个是细节理解题，其余三个是推理判断题，词义猜测题，代词指代题或主旨大意题。2019年江西中考英语阅读理解首次出现了排列顺序题。我们还发现，这样几道题比较固定：

71. What's the main idea of the passage?

75. What would be the best title for the passage?

还有一题What’s the main idea of the second paragraph?

B部分主要考查学生把握文章结构及根据上下文进行逻辑推理的能力。是七选五的形式，文章体裁以说明文、议论文或夹叙夹议的议论文。

四、阅读理解题解题技巧

（一）A篇文章解题步骤：

先读问题，弄清考查要点

快速浏览表格，寻找题目相关细节

通过计算、排除或推理敲定答案

（二）B、C、D篇文章解题步骤

快速浏览全文，掌握全貌

认真阅读问题，弄清考查要点

细读原文，捕捉题目相关信息词

通过排除、推理、对比初选答案

跳读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案

1主旨大意题：段落大意，文章主旨，标题概括

解题技巧1：找主题句，锁定文章主旨

1）主题句在开头

【案例1：2019年C篇】

Playing video games and getting money for it seems like a dream job for many of today’s teenagers. But is it all fun and games?

71. What's the main idea of the passage?

A. Pro gaming isn't all fun and games

B. The career as a pro gamer doesn't last long

C. Being a pro gamer is a good choice for teenagers.

D. Being a pro gamer is an easy way to make money.

答案是A

2）主题句在结尾

【案例2：2018年C篇】

Dolphins and humans are similar in another way: both species make plans for getting things they want.

71. What's the main idea of the passage?

A. Dolphins can communicate with each other at birth.

B. Dolphins are social animals because they play together.

C. Dolphins are smart and are like humans in some ways.

D. Dolphins help humans do many things like catching fish.

答案是C

3）主题句在中间或无明显主题句

有些文章或段落无明显的主题句, 只是暗示性地体现主题. 这就要求同学们在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意。

解题技巧2：抓住段落大意，概括中心思想

【案例3：2018江西中考D】

Today, local and national leaders continue to use the day to spread the message about the importance of clean hands. The hope is that handwashing becomes a necessary part of people’s lives and improves the health of millions around the world.

74. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. Washing hands with soap is good for public health.

B. Washing hands with soap doesn’t become part of people’s lives.

C. People are holding many different events to fight against diseases.

D. People all over the world are encouraged to wash hands with soap.

答案是D

解题技巧3：抓住主线、关键和高频词，概括文章内容

【案例4：2018年D篇】

75. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Learning to Use Soap.

B. Fighting Against Diseases.

C. Living a Healthy Life.

D. Changing Your Habits.

答案是A

解题技巧4：根据文末画龙点睛之笔，给文章起标题

【案例5：2019年D篇】

How challenging is it to teach people to use sonar?

“Many students are surprised how quickly results come. Seeing isn't in the eyes, it' s in the mind.”

75. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. How Sonar Works.

B. Riding a Bike Using Sonar.

C. Seeing with the Mind.

D. How the Blind Move Around.

答案是C

小结：做主旨大意题或段落大意题时，要综合概括文本，重点注意阅读每篇文章的最前部分和最后部分，或该段的最前部分，因为文章的前面往往是总领全文，而文章的最后是全文的总结， 另外还要通篇考虑全文或全段，切忌以偏概全，夸大主题或把观点强加给作者。

有时还可以给文章取一个诙谐幽默的标题，起到画龙点睛的作用。

2. 细节理解题：是非判断，数字计算，排列顺序

解题技巧：

(1)细心审题，直接就题找答案。

(2)变通理解，间接转述找答案。

(3)多点归纳，综合事实找答案。

【案例6：2019江西中考 D】

How does sonar work?

“When I make a clicking sound, it makes sound waves. These waves reflect(反射) off surfaces all around and return to my ears. My brain then processes the sounds into images(图像). It’s like having a conversation with the environment.”

73. How does sonar work? Choose the right order.

a. The sound waves reflect off surfaces.

b. The person makes a clicking sound.

c. The brain makes images with the sounds.

d. The sound waves reach the person’s ears.

A. b－a－c－d. B. b－d－a－c.

C. a－b－d－c. D. b－a－d－c.

答案是D

解题技巧小结：注意阅读关键句、对应句，细心查读，善于区分，注意排除，做到准确。

3. 推理判断题

【案例7：2019江西中考B】So one night, I was walking around the cowshed with a torch(手电筒), and that day, the lions didn’t come. And I discovered that lions were afraid of a moving light. So I had an idea...

66. What’s the solution to driving the lion away?

A. Using a moving light. B. Using a torch.

C. Using a scarecrow. D. Using fire.

答案选A

【案例8：2017年C篇】

In the future, we can imagine our houses will use calm technology to open the curtains for us in the morning, to tum down the heat when we leave, or even to choose the best music for our mood

71. What can we infer from the passage?

A. The light won't go on unless we touch the sensor.

B. Calm technology will make our life more convenient.

C. People will depend more on smart phones in the future.

D. People won't have to work because of calm technology.

答案选B

解题技巧小结：要理解文章内容，以原文为依据。文中没有出现的细节不能选；

文章中没有提及不能选；纯属主观臆断不能选；是文章中的直接内容，不是根据推理得出的不能选。符合常识，但是不是文章所要表达的内容不能选。与文章内容相反的不能选。要跳出文章做推断，小心绝对选项。

4. 代词指代题

【案例9：2019江西中考B】

And a second idea I got was to use a scarecrow(稻草人). I was trying to trick the lions into thinking that I was standing near the cowshed. But lions are very clever. They will come the first day and they see the scarecrow, and they go back. But the second day, they’ll come and they say, this thing is not moving here, it is always here! So he jumps in and kills the animals.

65. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A. The lion. B. The scarecrow.

C. The cow. D. The cowshed.

答案选B

【案例9：2020江西中考模拟C篇】

The researchers used special lights to activate(激活）the neurons that control hunger in mice's brains. They want to see how the neurons influenced mice's understanding of taste when they are hungry.

What does the underlined word “They” refer to?

A. The special lights. B. The researchers.

C. The mice D. The neurons

答案选B

解题技巧小结：1）注意分析前后文，明白指代的是人还是物，特别注意前面的名词或动名词； 2） 注意指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词，或单复数 ；

3） 明确指代范围，搞清文章逻辑关系和前后联系。

5. 词义猜测题

【案例10：2019江西中考C】

Big business

Pro(professional) gaming is certainly big business. In 2017, there were more than 3，000 gaming competitions and over 10，000 professional players worldwide. A large number of people watch their competitions online, and successful gamers can get more than 1，000，000 dollars from prize money and ads. The industry is clearly thriving.

69. What does the underlined word “thriving” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. Getting worse.B. Doing well.

C. Developing slowly.D. Changing quickly.

答案是B

解题技巧小结：1利用上下文语境。2利用定义或解释性线索。3利用文章的逻辑关系。4利用构词法。

五、2020中考阅读理解提分策略

1. 词汇知识的准备。熟读、背诵课标词汇，词不离句，碰到不认识的新单词注意积累，掌握常见的构词法。

2. 坚持阅读。Practice makes perfect. 每天至少阅读两篇难度相当的短文，限时阅读，自批自改，及时找到错误原因。

3. 运用阅读技巧。对不同体裁和不同话题的文章所运用的阅读策略都要反复运用认真体会。细节题和推理题做到“一读二定三划四比五选” 。即一要认真读题干和选项，二要根据问题信息在文章中定位（定位错误就会浪费阅读时间也不可能找到正确答案），三要划出关键信息，四要和目标选项进行信息对比，最后确定答案。一般情况按照这些步骤细节信息题在理解的前提下不会丢分。主旨题三步把握文章结构与主旨。一是重首段，找出引出话题的句子与段落；二是分析各段中心句，从整体上把握段落的意思。切忌逐句翻译，即便翻译完毕也不知所云；三是分析体会总结段落，从中把握文章主旨，写作目的与观点。