JavaSE 图书管理系统代码练习

JiA-Bai

已于 2023-05-30 12:56:27 修改

阅读量110

点赞数

分类专栏： JavaSE 基础语法文章标签： java 开发语言数据结构算法 intellij-idea

于 2023-05-30 12:53:54 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51312723/article/details/130935051

版权

JavaSE 基础语法专栏收录该内容

13 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

1 简介

本节主要是，利用前面所学的知识点：类，抽象类，封装，继承，多态，接口等进行的一个简单的代码练习。

2 核心需求

1. 简单的登录
2. 管理端

整理书籍(该功能为可扩展功能)
查阅书籍
增加书籍
删除书籍
打印书籍列表
退出

3. 用户端

查询书籍
借阅书籍
归还书籍
退出

3 类的设计

3.1 创建图书相关的类

先创建 package book
创建 Book 类, 表示一本书：

package book;
public class Book {
    private String name;
    private String author;
    private int price;
    private String type;
    private boolean status;//false
    //private boolean isBorrowed = false;
     /*构造方法*/
    public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type){
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
        this.price = price;
        this.type = type;
    }
    /*getter、setter、toString方法*/
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public int getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(int price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public boolean isStatus() {
        return status;
    }

    public void setStatus(boolean status) {
        this.status = status;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +
                /*", status=" + status +*/
                ((status == true)?"借出":"未借出")+
                '}';
    }
}

创建 BookList 类, 用来保存 N 本书，表示书架：

package book;
/*书架*/
public class BookList {
    private Book[] books;
    private int usedSize = 0;

    public BookList() {
        this.books = new Book[10];
        books[0] = new Book("三国演义", "罗贯中", 100,
                "小说");
        books[1] = new Book("水浒传", "施耐庵", 100,
                "小说");
        books[2] = new Book("西游记", "吴承恩", 100,
                "小说");
        this.usedSize = 3;
    }
    //尾插法
    public void setBook(int pos, Book book) {
        this.books[pos] = book;
    }
    public Book getBook(int pos) {
        return this.books[pos];
    }

    public int getUsedSize() {
        return usedSize;
    }

    public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {
        this.usedSize = usedSize;
    }
}

3.2 创建操作相关的类

先创建 package operation
再创建一个对书操作的接口IOperation：

package operation;
import book.BookList;
public interface IOperation {
    void work(BookList booklist);
}

接下来创建一组操作类, 每个类对应一个用户的动作：

AddOperation
DelOperation
FindOperation
DisplayOperation
BorrowOperation
ReturnOperation
ExitOperation

先把空类创建好, 不着急实现细节。
抽象出 Operation 的好处: 让操作和操作之间低耦合, 让操作和用户之间低耦合。

3.3 创建用户相关的类

先创建 package user
创建 User 类, 这是一个抽象类：

// User 类是一个抽象类, 每个子类需要做两件事情
// 1. 初始化对应的操作数组
// 2. 实现 Menu 菜单
package user;
import book.BookList;
import operation.IOperation;

public abstract class User {
    public String name;
    public IOperation[] operations;
    public User(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    // 显示菜单
    public abstract int menu();
    // 根据用户选项执行操作
    public void doOperation(int choice, BookList bookList) {
        //看这个数组当中存的到底是哪些操作
        this.operations[choice].work(bookList);
    }
}

创建普通用户类,NormalUser类，是 User 的子类：

package user;
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;

/*普通用户*/
public class NormalUser  extends User{
    public NormalUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.operations = new IOperation[] {
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new BorrowOperation(),
                new ReturnOperation()
        };
    }

    @Override
    public int menu() {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("普通用户的菜单！");
        System.out.println("=============================");
        System.out.println("Hello " + this.name + ", 欢迎使用图书管理系统!");
        System.out.println("1. 查找图书");
        System.out.println("2. 借阅图书");
        System.out.println("3. 归还图书");
        System.out.println("0. 退出系统");
        System.out.println("=============================");
        System.out.println("请输入您的选择: ");
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

创建管理员用户类，AdminUser类，也是 User 的子类：

package user;
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;

/*管理员*/
public class AdminUser extends User{
    public AdminUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.operations = new IOperation[] {
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new AddOperation(),
                new DelOperation(),
                new DisplayOperation()
        };
    }

    /*返回你要执行的对应的操作*/
    @Override
    public int menu() {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("管理员的菜单！");
        System.out.println("=============================");
        System.out.println("Hello " + this.name + ", 欢迎使用图书管理系统!");
        System.out.println("1. 查找图书");
        System.out.println("2. 新增图书");
        System.out.println("3. 删除图书");
        System.out.println("4. 显示所有图书");
        System.out.println("0. 退出系统");
        System.out.println("=============================");
        System.out.println("请输入您的选择: ");
        //Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        //scanner.close();
        return choice;
    }
}

3.4 进行整合

创建 Main 类和 main 方法, 搭建整体逻辑：

import book.BookList;
import user.AdminUser;
import user.NormalUser;
import user.User;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static User login() {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入您的姓名:");
        String name = scanner.next();
        System.out.println("请输入您的身份(1 表示管理员, 0 表示普通用户):");
        int who = scanner.nextInt();
        if (who == 1) {
            return new AdminUser(name);
        }
        return new NormalUser(name);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
// 1. 准备基本的数据
      BookList bookList = new BookList();
// 2. 创建用户
        //1.登录user会引用一个对象，这个对象可能是AdminUser,也可能是NormalUser
        User user = login();
        //会调用user引用的对象的menu方法，返回对应的选择
       // user.menu();
// 3. 进入主循环
        while (true) {
            //拿choice来调用对应类的work方法
            //这个work方法，调用谁的，怎么调用，交给doOperation
            int choice = user.menu();
            user.doOperation(choice, bookList);
        }
    }
}

在这里可以先测试下代码的基本框架是否存在问题。

3.5 实现具体的每个 Operation

本文的目的主要是熟悉类与类之间的关系，掌握抽象类，接口，继承，封装等知识点的应用，所以这部分我们仅进行了简单描述。
AddOperation：

package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class AddOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList booklist) {
        System.out.println("添加书籍");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入图书的名字：");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入图书作者");
        String author = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入图书的价格");
        int price = scanner.nextInt();
        System.out.println("请输入图书的类型");
        String type =scanner.nextLine();

        Book book = new Book(name,author,price,type);

        int currentSize = booklist.getUsedSize();//3
        booklist.setBook(currentSize,book);
        booklist.setUsedSize(currentSize+1);
    }
}

BorrowOperation：

package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList booklist) {
        System.out.println("借阅书籍");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要借阅的书名：");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();

        for (int i = 0; i < booklist.getUsedSize(); i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBook(i);
            if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
                //说明有这本书！
                //逻辑：把这本书的借阅状态修改为true
                book.setStatus(true);
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("没有你要借阅的图书！");
    }
}

DelOperation：

package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class DelOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList booklist) {
        System.out.println("删除书籍");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要删除的书名：");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        int i = 0;
        for (; i < booklist.getUsedSize(); i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBook(i);
            if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
                break;
            }
        }
        if(i >= booklist.getUsedSize()){
            System.out.println("没有要删除的这本书！");
            return;
        }
        int pos = i;
        for (int j = pos; j <booklist.getUsedSize()-1 ; j++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBook(j+1);
            booklist.setBook(j,book);
        }
        int currentSize = booklist.getUsedSize();
        booklist.setUsedSize(currentSize-1);
        System.out.println("删除书籍完毕！");
    }
}

DisplayOperation：

package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

public class DisplayOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList booklist) {
        System.out.println("展示书籍");
        for (int i = 0;i<booklist.getUsedSize();i++){
            Book book = booklist.getBook(i);
            System.out.println(book);
        }
    }
}

ExitOperation：

package operation;
import book.BookList;

public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList booklist) {
        System.out.println("退出系统");
        System.exit(1);
    }
}

FindOperation：

package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList booklist) {
        System.out.println("查找书籍");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要查找的书名");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();

        for (int i = 0;i<booklist.getUsedSize();i++){
            Book book = booklist.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)){
                System.out.println("有这本书！");
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("没有这本书！");
    }
}

ReturnOperation：

package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList booklist) {
        System.out.println("归还书籍");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要归还的书名：");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();

        for (int i = 0; i < booklist.getUsedSize(); i++) {
            Book book = booklist.getBook(i);
            if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
                book.setStatus(false);
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("没有你要归还的这本书！");
    }
}