#%%递归函数
def fn(num):
if num==1:
result=1
else:
result=fn(num-1)*num
print(num,result)
return result
n=int(input("请输入一个整数:"))
print("%d!="%n,fn(n))
#%%匿名函数
sunNum=lambda arg1,arg2:arg1+arg2
print(sunNum(20, 40))
print(sunNum(1,2))
#%%匿名函数作为参数
def fun(a,b,opt):
print("a=%d"%a)
print("b=%d"%b)
print("result=",opt(a,b))
opt=lambda arg1,arg2:arg1+arg2
fun(11,22,opt)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#import turtle
#for x in range(100):
# turtle.circle(x)
# turtle.left(90)
#turtle.mainloop()
#for x in range(100):
# print(x)
# turtle.forward(x)
# turtle.left(90)
#turtle.mainloop()
problem = input("Enter a math problem, or 'q' to quit:")
while (problem !='q'):
print("The answer to", problem, "is :", eval(problem))
problem = input("Enter a math problem, or 'q' to quit:")
#%%
print("中国万岁")
import random,math
def stats(data):
sum=0.0
i = 0
for value in data:
sum+=data
i = i+1
mean = sum/len(i)
for value in data:
sum +=(value-mean)**2
variance = sum/len(i-1)
std = math.sqrt(variance)
return(mean,variance,std)
(m,v,s) = stats([random.randint(1,10) for i in range(1000)])
print(m,v,s)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#%% 1 open an url
from urllib.request import urlopen
html=urlopen("https://www.pku.edu.cn/department.html#item2").read().decode('utf-8')
print(html)
#%% 2 import regular expression
import re
# find the title
res = re.findall(r"<div (.*?)<br />",html)#.表示除\n之外的任意字符 *表示匹配0-无穷 ?懒惰模式
print("\nPage title is: ",res[0])
for item in res:
result = re.sub(r"^>[\u4e00-\u9fa5]",'',item)
print(result)
#%%
# find the paragraphs
res = re.findall(r"<script>(.+?)</script>",html,flags=re.DOTALL)
for item in res:
print("\nPage paragraph is: ",item)
#%% 3 find href
res = re.findall(r'href="(.*?)"',html)
print("\nAll links: ",res[0])
'''“+”元字符规定其前导字符必须在目标对象中连续出现一次或多次。
“*”元字符规定其前导字符必须在目标对象中出现零次或连续多次。
“?”元字符规定其前导对象必须在目标对象中连续出现零次或一次。'''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#%% 1 Introduce multiple ways to download something using python
# http://www.zjhu.edu.cn/resource/img/logo.png
import os
os.makedirs('./img/',exist_ok=True)
IMAGE_URL = "https://www.pku.edu.cn/Uploads/Picture/2019/12/11/s5df09c4db7fda.jpg"
#%% 2 urltrieve Download the image url using urlretrieve - whole file
from urllib.request import urlretrieve
urlretrieve(IMAGE_URL,'./img/image1.png')
#%% 3 request download Using requests.get to download at once - whole file 下载完再写入
import requests
r = requests.get(IMAGE_URL)
with open('./img/image2.png','wb') as f:
f.write(r.content)
#%% 4 Download chunk by chuck - stream loading - 下载了多少就写入多少
# set stream = true in get() function, more efficient
r = requests.get(IMAGE_URL,stream = True)
with open('./img/image3.png','wb') as f:
for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size=32):
f.write(chunk)
#%% 5 Exercices
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import os
os.makedirs('./img/', exist_ok=True)
#%% 1 URL
URL = "https://www.ivsky.com/tupian/xinjiang_t592/"
html = requests.get(URL).text
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
img_ul = soup.find_all('div', {"class": "il_img"})
print(len(img_ul))
print(img_ul)
#%% 2 Download
for ul in img_ul:
imgs = ul.find_all("img")
print(len(imgs))
# print(imgs)
for img in imgs:
url = 'https:'+img['src']
# print(url)
r = requests.get(url, stream=True)
image_name = url.split('/')[-1]
print(image_name)
with open('./img/%s' % image_name, 'wb') as f:
for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size=128):
f.write(chunk)
print('Saved %s' % image_name)
#%% 3 Download with re
import re
img_ul = soup.find_all("img",{"src":re.compile(".*?\.jpg")})
print(len(img_ul))
for ul in img_ul:
# print(ul['src'])
url = 'https:'+ul['src']
# print(url)
r = requests.get(url, stream=True)
image_name = url.split('/')[-1]
# print(image_name)
with open('./img/%s' % image_name, 'wb') as f:
for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size=128):
f.write(chunk)
print('Saved %s' % image_name)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#%% Int
x = 1
print('type of x: ', type(x))
print('id of x:', id(x))
#%% float
y = 2.0
print(type(y))
z = x + y
print(type(z))
#%% function
def add_1(x,y):
zz = x + y
return zz
zz = add_1(8,98)
print(zz)
#%% bool
a = True
print(a)
b = False
print(b)
#%%
#help(int)
xx = x.__add__(9)
print(xx)
# bit_length
s = 1235435
print(s.bit_length())
'''
字长：一个字的位数，CPU和内存之间的数据传送单位通常是一个字长，
即CPU一次读/写数据的二进制位数。通常称处理字长位8位数据的CPU，叫做八位机，8位CPU。
常用的字长8位，16位，32位，64位。
字长为8位的编码，称为字节，是计算机中基本的编码单位。
位：最基本的概念，例如1001 0000 1101,其中每一个逻辑0或者1，就是一个位。
字节：16位为一个字，代表计算机处理指令或者数据的二进制书位数，通常称16位是一个字，32位是双字，64位两个双字
1字 = 2字节 = 16位。
'''
#%% logical operator not and or
a = 5
b = not(a>10)
print(b)
c = (a>1)and(a>10)
print(c)
d = (a>1)or(a>10)
print(d)
#%% remainder
print(10%3) # 求余数
print(10//3) # 求商
print(10/3) # 求值
#%% imaginary number
c = 5+6j #j,not i
d = 10-2j
e = c+d
print(e)
print(type(e))
#%% Container
#--- String----
# x = "I love huzhou"
# print(x)
# x = """ fjadsljfdasklfjkadsl l dsjflkadsjfklads
# dsakfadsjfhdasjk ksdhfdasjkf"""
# print(x)
# y = 1.9
# x = """Biden urges Senate \n to quickly pass "%0.2f" trillion relif package """%y
# print(x)
# x = "Biden urges Senate \n to quickly pass '%0.2f' trillion relif package" %y
# print(x)
# x = 'hello '
# y = 'huzhou univerisy'
# z = x+y
# print(z)
# print(type(z))
# upper lower split join
sr = "Discover Python: today"
print(sr.upper())
print(sr.lower())
print(sr.split())
tp = ('love','china')
print(sr.join(tp))
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#%% heterogenous mutable list
I = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
I[2] = "two"
print(I)
del(I[2])
print(I)
I[1:3] = []
print(I)
#%%
a = ('a','b',1,2,3)
b = a[1:3]
del(b)
#%% Array
a1 = [[0,3,6],[9,8,7],[9,8,[1,2]]]
print(a1)
print(id(a1))
print(len(a1))
print(len(a1[2][2]))
I.reverse()
print(I)
I.sort()
print(I)
I = [1,2,2,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
print(I.count(2))
print(I.index(2))
#pop take off the last item
print(I)
print(I.pop())
print(I)
I = [0,1,3,4,5,5,6,7,8,9,10]
print(I.pop(3))
print(I)
#%% for loop
'''
for item in container:
action to repeat for each item in the container
else:
action to take once we have finished the loop
'''
# for with tuple
t = (0,5,6,7,8,9)
count = 0
for num in t:
count+=num
print("count:",count,"; num:",num)
if num%2:
print('Remainder is: ',num%2)
continue
print("oooooooo")
else:
print('jump over countinue!')
print("hahahaha")
else:
print("else in for")
print("out of for and then count is"+str(count))
#%% for with string
st = "I love huzhou university"
for c in st:
print(c)
print("----------")
for c in st:
print(c,end="")
i = 0
j = 0
for c in st:
j = j + 1
if c in "uo":
i = i + 1
print("once in ou")
else:
print("In the segment of else, iteration j = ",j)
print("Out of for, finally i = ",i)
#%% if
'''
if (expression one):
# Action to take if expression one evalutes True
else:
# Action to take if expression one evalutes False
'''
i = 10
if(i%2):
print("Odd number")
else:
print("Even number")
i = 0
if i>0:
print('Positive')
elif(i<0):
print("Negative")
else:
print("zero")
#%% while
'''
while (expression)
statements to excute while loop expression is True
else:
statements to excute while loop expression is False
'''
i = 1 ; x=10
while(i>0):
i = i + 1
x = x-1
print("i:",i,"x:",x)
if(i>8):
pass
if(x<0):
break
else:
print("else expression :",i,x)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
L1 = [1,2,3]
L1.insert(1,10)
print(L1)
L2 = [6,7,8]
L1.extend(L2)
L3 = L1[:]
print(L1)
print(L3)
L1.remove(8)
print(L1)
L4 = ['I','love','China']
L4.remove('love')
print(L4)
L4[0]=[]
print(L4)
del L4[0]
print(L4)
#%% Dictionary
# 1. Creating a dict
d = {'name':['Obama','Biden'],'age':[42,78,12],1:['China'],2:('USA','France'),(1,):'huzhou'}
print(d)
print(len(d))
print(type(d))
# 2. Modification
d['age'] = [45,'Thirty']
print(d)
# 3. don't need append, add key and its value directly
d['note'] = [80,30]
print(d)
# 4. creat an empty dict
d1 = {}
print(len(d1))
# 5. del
del d[2]
print(d)
del d
# 6. Creat a dict from list or tuple
I1 = [(0,'zero'),(1,'one'),(2,['two','three'])]
d1 = dict(I1)
print(d1)
I2 = [[0,'zero'],[1,'one'],[2,['two','three']]]
d2 = dict(I2)
print(d2)
I3 = ((0,'zero'),(1,'one'),(2,('two','three')))
d3 = dict(I3)
print(d3)
d4 = dict(zero='0',one=1,two=2)
print(d4)
# error d5 = dict('zero'=0,'one'=1,'two'=2)
# Searching
d = {0:"zero",'one':1,"two":[1,2,3],3:"apple"}
print(d.keys())
print(d.values())
if 0 in d.keys():
print("True1")
if "two" in d.keys():
print("True2")
if "apple" in d.values():
print("True3")
if 1 in d.values():
print("True4")
#%% set
s1 = {"apple",0,(1,2),3}
print(s1)
print(type(s1))
# s1.pop()
# print(s1)
s2 = {"apple","huzhou",(1,2),4}
print(s2)
s = s1&s2
print(s)
s = s1|s2
print(s)
s = s1-s2
print(s)
s3 = set([1,"hello",1])
print(s3)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 推导式和生成器推导式
# list = [expression for var in range]
import random #导入random标准库
x = [random.randint(1,10) for i in range(20)]
print(x)
# the same
y = list(range(20))
print(y)
for i in range(20):
print(i)
y[i] = random.randint(1,10)
print(y)
z = [i*0.5 for i in range(20)]
print(z)
price = [100,500,1000,20,40]
sale = [i for i in price if i<500]
print(sale)
list = [(x,y) for x in range(5) if x%2==0 for y in range(5) if y%2 == 1]
print(list)
for x in range(5):
if x%2==0:
x = x
for y in range(5):
if y%2==1:
y = y
print(x,y)
x = {i:random.randint(1,10)**2 for i in range(20)}
print(x)
x = (random.randint(1,10) for i in range(20))
x = tuple(x)
print(x)
#%%
def add2num(a, b):
c=a+b
d=a-b
print("函数运行中")
return [c,d]
#调用函数
Value = add2num(2,3)
print(Value)
#%%
#计算三个数之和
def sum_num(a, b, c):
return a + b + c
#求三个数平均值
def average_num(a, b, c):
sumResult = sum_num(a, b, c)
return sumResult / 3
result = average_num(1, 2, 3)
print(result)
#%% 传递
def printString(obj):
print("原值：",obj)
obj += obj
#调用函数
print("------------值传递------------")
strslogan = "不忘初心，牢记使命"
print("函数调用前：",strslogan)
printString(strslogan) #采用不可变对象：字符串
print("函数调用后：",strslogan)
print("------------引用传递------------")
listslogan = ["不忘初心","牢记使命"]
print("函数调用前：",listslogan)
printString(listslogan) #采用可变对象：列表
print("函数调用后：",listslogan)
#%%
def printSchool(*name):
print("\n 我想考研的大学：")
print(name)
for item in name:
print(item)
printSchool('北京大学')
printSchool('北京大学','清华大学')
printSchool('北京大学','清华大学','湖师院')
def printProvince(**provinceName):
print(provinceName)
for key,value in provinceName.items():
print(key+"省的简称："+value)
printProvince(安徽='皖',浙江='浙',河南='豫',江苏='苏')
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ---------------
# order and length
sr = "1234567899354"
print(sr[0])
print(sr[1]+sr[5])
print(sr[5:9])
print(sr[1:4]+sr[7:8])
print("length of sr",len(sr))
#%% ----------------
# tuple
t1 = (1,2,3)
print(t1,type(t1))
t = ("name","Lili","Point",(560,60),"age",25)
print(t)
t2 = 1,2,3,4
print(t2,type(t2))
t3 = tuple((1,2,3))
print(t3,type(t3))
print(t[0])
t4 = (1,2,3)
y = t4[1]+t4[2]
print(y)
#%% -----------------
# packing and unpacking a tuple
x = 1
y = 'a'
z = ("b",2)
zzz = (x,y,z)
print(zzz)
a1,b1,c1 = zzz
print(a1)
print(b1)
print(c1)
#%% List
I = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
print(I,type(I))
el = [] #creat an empty list
print(len(el))
s1 = [1]
print(s1)
print(type(s1))
print(len(s1))
s2 = (1,)
print(s2)
print(type(s2))
print(len(s2))
#%% change type
# Tuple->List
I1 = list((1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9))
I2 = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
print(I1)
print(I2)
I3 = (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
I4 = list(I3)
print(I3)
print(I4)
#string->list
st1 = "123456789"
st2 = list(st1)
print("value of st1: ",st1)
print("type of st1: ",type(st1))
print("length of st1: ",len(st1))
print("value of st2: ",st2)
print("type of st2: ",type(st2))
print("length of st2: ",len(st2))
#%% Difference between list and tuple
L = [1,2,3]
L[1] = 99
print("List L:",L)
T = (1,2,3)
# Error T[1] = 99
print("Tuple T: ",T)
# list: write it with pencil, you can erase every element;
# tupe: carve it with knife, you can't erase anything.
#%% Accesing items from a list
I = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
print(I[1:5])
print(I[0:-1:2])
print(I[0:-1:3])
print(I[0:20:2])
print(I[0::2])
print(I[-2])
# modify a list
I = []
#I[0] = 1
I.append(1)
print(I)
I[0] = 99
print(I)
I.clear()
print(I)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import random,math
def stats(data):
sum=0.0
i = 0
for value in data:
sum+=value
i = i+1
print("参数i的最终值:",i)
print("data的最大值:",max(data))
print("data的最小值:",min(data))
mean = sum/len(data)
for value in data:
sum += (value-mean)**2
variance = sum/(len(data)-1)
std = math.sqrt(variance)
return(mean,variance,std)
(m,v,s) = stats([random.randint(1,10) for i in range(1000)])
print(m,v,s)
#%%
def run(a, *args):
# 第一个参数传给了a
print(a)
# args是一个元组，里面是第2和3两个参数
print(args)
# *args是将这个元组中的元素依次取出来
print("对args拆包")
print(*args) # *args 相当于 a,b = args
a,b = args
print(a,b)
print("将未拆包的数据传给run1")
run1(args)
print("将拆包后的数据传给run1")
run1(*args)
def run1(*args):
print("输出元组")
print(args)
print("对元组进行拆包")
print(*args)
run('Rose','Tome', 'King')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
圆的计算模块
"""
import math
r = 3
#类
class Circle:
pass
#函数
def calcuArea():
s = math.pi*math.pow(r,2)
print("圆的面积是{}：".format(str(s)))
def perimeter():
l = math.pi*2*r
print("圆的周长是{}:".format(str(l)))
#主程序
if __name__ == '__main__':
calcuArea()
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#%%
import course_9
course_9.calcuArea()
course_9.perimeter()
#%%
import course_9 as ca
ca.calcuArea()
#%%
from course_9 import calcuArea as caa
caa()
#%%
import sys
print(sys.path)
#%%
import test20220324
test20220324.A.showme()
#%% 常用的模块与包
import random
print(random.random())
print(random.random())
print(random.uniform(10,100))
print(random.uniform(10,100))
print(random.randint(200, 300))
print(random.randint(200, 300))
#%% time
import time
a = time.time()
b = time.gmtime()
print(b)
c = time.localtime()
print(c)
d = time.asctime()
print(d)
e = time.ctime()
print(e)
#%% date
import datetime
print(datetime)
t = datetime.datetime.now()
print(t)
import calendar
cal = calendar.month(2022,5)
print(cal)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@author: Administrator
"""
import config.size as x
v = x.length*x.width*x.height
print(v)
#%%
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#%% 递归函数
def fn(num):
if num == 1:
result=1
else:
result = fn(num-1)*num
print(num,result)
return result
n = int(input("请输入一个整数："))
print("%d!="%n,fn(n))
#%% 匿名函数
sumNum = lambda arg1,arg2: arg1+arg2
print(sumNum(20,40))
print(sumNum(1,2))
#%% 匿名函数作为参数
def fun(a,b,opt):
print("a = %d"%a)
print("b = %d"%b)
print("result = ",opt(a,b))
opt = lambda arg1,arg2: arg1*arg2
fun(11,22,opt)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import numpy as np
array1 = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])
print(array1)
print("Dimension:",array1.ndim)
print('shape:',array1.shape)
print("Size:",array1.size)
#%% 2 dtype
a = np.array([2,9,3],dtype = np.float32)
print(a.dtype)
b = np.array([2,9,3],dtype = np.float32)
print(b.dtype)
#%% 3 attention of empty
a = np.zeros((3,4))
print (a)
b = np.empty((3,4))
print (b)
c = np.ones((3,4))
print (c)
#%% 4 arange
a = np.arange(10,20,2)
print(a)
b = np.arange(12)
print(b)
c = np.arange(12).reshape(3,4)
print(c)
d = np.linspace(1,10,6).reshape(2,3)
print(d)
#%% 5 calculation of vectors
a = np.array([10,20,30,40])
b = np.arange(4)
c = a-b
print(c)
d = a+b
print(d)
e = a*b
print(e)
f = b**2
print(f)
g = 10*np.sin(a)
print(g)
#%% 6 calculation of Matrix
a = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
b = np.arange(4).reshape(2,2)
print(a)
print(b)
c = a*b
print(c)
d = np.dot(a,b)
print(d)
e = a.dot(b)
print(e)
f = np.arange(2)
print(f)
g = np.dot(e,f)
print(g)
h = np.random.random((12,4))
print(h)
print(np.sum(h))
print(np.min(h))
print(np.max(h))
print(np.sum(h,axis=0))
print(np.sum(h,axis=1))
#%% 7 median cumsum diff nonzero sort transpose
A = np.random.random((3,4))
print(A)
print(np.mean(A))
print(np.mean(A,axis=0))
print(np.mean(A,axis=1))
B = np.array([1,20,5,9,41,6,8,100]).reshape(2,4)
print(B)
print(np.median(B))
print(np.cumsum(B))
print(np.diff(B))
print(np.nonzero(B))
print(np.sort(B)) #sort by row
print(np.transpose(B))
print(B[1][0])
#%% 8 merge
A = np.array([1,1,1])
B = np.array([2,2,2])
C = np.vstack((A,B))#vertical stack
print(C)
D = np.hstack((A,B))
print(D)
#%% 9 copy and deep copy
a = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])
print(a)
#b=a
b=a
c=a
d=b
a[0]=35
print(d)
print(d is a)
b[1][1]=99
print(d)
b=a.copy()#deep copy
a[0]=100
print(a)
print(b)
print(a is b)
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