SpringBoot整合ES
Elasticsearch
分布式全文搜索引擎 ES检索原理
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将数据库信息拆分为多个词-------分词
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分词后每个词作为关键字,通过关键字得到ID,加载ID的同时加载ID的部分数据
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通过关键字找到ID后,显示该ID的数据,其实也是通过索引的形式来查询数据,根据关键字查ID,再由ID查数据(倒排索引)
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倒排索引:通过关键字找到相应ID,再由ID找到数据
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创建文档:每一个关键字对应的ID和数据称为一个文档
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使用文档:输入关键字之后根据ID找到对应信息
ES下载安装
Download Elasticsearch | Elastic
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ES 7.x 及之前版本,选择 Java 8
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ES 8.x 及之后版本,选择 Java 17 或者 Java 18,建议 Java 17,因为对应版本的 Logstash 不支持 Java 18
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Java 9、Java 10、Java 12 和 Java 13 均为短期版本,不推荐使用
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M1(Arm) 系列 Mac 用户建议选择 ES 7.8.x 以上版本,因为考虑到 ELK 不同产品自身兼容性,7.8.x以上版本原生支持 Arm 原生 JDK
ES索引操作
创建索引
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注意,索引唯一,不允许重复
获取索引
删除索引
IK分词器
Releases · medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik · GitHub
创建索引并指定规则
{
"mappings":{
"properties" :{
"id":{
"type":"keyword"
},
"name":{
"type":"text",
"analyzer":"ik_max_word",
"copy_to":"all"
},
"type":{
"type":"keyword"
},
"desciption":{
"type":"text",
"analyzer":"ik_max_word",
"copy_to":"all"
},
"all":{
"type":"text",
"analyzer":"ik_max_word"
}
}
}
}
ES文档操作
为索引创建文档
http://localhost:9200/books/_doc(随机生成ID)
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_doc中返回结果中的ID为随机生成的,不需要自己在请求体中添加ID
http://localhost:9200/books/_doc/id(指定ID)
创建索引文档__create
http://localhost:9200/books/_create/id(指定ID)
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注意,create后面需要添加指定ID
查询文档
查询全部文档
http://localhost:9200/books/_search
条件查询
http://localhost:9200/books/_search?q=name:springboot
修改文档
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建议将所有属性全部添加到请求体中,不然会全覆盖(即变成只有请求体中的属性)
修改单个属性
http://localhost:9200/books/_update/2(POST)
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修改的信息以文档的形式存在,也就是修改文档中的属性,而不是改一个文档
springboot整合ES
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添加依赖(低版本,不推荐使用)
<!--低级别的elasticsearch客户端--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch</artifactId> </dependency>
yml配置
elasticsearch: rest: uris: http://localhost:9200
使用
@Autowired
private ElasticsearchRestTemplate esTemplate;
@test
public void test() throws Exception{
esTemplate.使用方法
}
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添加依赖(高版本)
<dependency>-->
<groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
<artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
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yml不需要配置
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自己创建客户端
@Autowired private RestHighLevelClient client; @Test public void testConnect() throws IOException { HttpHost host = HttpHost.create("http://localhost:9200");//客户端的url RestClientBuilder builder = RestClient.builder(host); client = new RestHighLevelClient(builder); client.close();//需要自己关闭客户端 }
3.创建客户端之后我们就可以自己去创建索引
@Test
// 创建索引
public void testCreateIndex() throws IOException {
CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest("books");
client.indices().create(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
}
4.每次我们创建索引或者做别的操作都需要创建客户端和关闭客户端,这是繁琐的,我们可以在每次操作前进行客户端的创建
@BeforeEach
void setUp() {
objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
HttpHost host = HttpHost.create("http://localhost:9200");
RestClientBuilder builder = RestClient.builder(host);
client = new RestHighLevelClient(builder);
}
5.操作后进行客户端的关闭
@AfterEach
void tearDown() throws IOException {
client.close();
}
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这两个方法的测试类自己提供的,只需要在方法里添加你自己的业务代码即可
创建文档
//创建文档
@Test
public void testCreateDoc() throws Exception {
Book book = bookMapper.selectById(1);
IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest("books").id(book.getId() + "");
String jsonParams = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(book);
request.source(jsonParams, XContentType.JSON);
client.index(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
}
将数据库的数据都存入es中
@Test
// 将mysql数据库tbl_book表中的数据都存到es中
public void testCreateDocAllFromMySQL() throws Exception {
List<Book> books = bookMapper.selectList(null);
// 批处理请求,相当于一个request容器,可以把单个请求加进来
BulkRequest requests = new BulkRequest();
for (Book book : books) {
IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest("books").id(book.getId() + "");
String jsonParams = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(book);//objectMapper是json转换工具
request.source(jsonParams, XContentType.JSON);
requests.add(request);
}
client.bulk(requests, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
}
json转换工具
package top.jacktgq.utils;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JavaType;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author GG
* @Description 使用jackson进行json转换的工具类
* @version 1.0.0
* @date 2021/2/8 21:50
*/
public class CandyJsonUtils {
private final static ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
public static ObjectMapper getInstance() {
return objectMapper;
}
/**
* 转换为 JSON 字符串
*
* @param obj
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String obj2json(Object obj) throws Exception {
return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(obj);
}
/**
* 转换为 JSON 字符串,忽略空值
*
* @param obj
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String obj2jsonIgnoreNull(Object obj) throws Exception {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
mapper.setSerializationInclusion(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL);
return mapper.writeValueAsString(obj);
}
/**
* 转换为 JavaBean
*
* @param jsonString
* @param clazz
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static <T> T json2pojo(String jsonString, Class<T> clazz) throws Exception {
objectMapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.ACCEPT_SINGLE_VALUE_AS_ARRAY, true);
return objectMapper.readValue(jsonString, clazz);
}
/**
* 字符串转换为 Map<String, Object>
*
* @param jsonString
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static <T> Map<String, Object> json2map(String jsonString) throws Exception {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
mapper.setSerializationInclusion(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL);
return mapper.readValue(jsonString, Map.class);
}
/**
* 字符串转换为 Map<String, T>
*/
public static <T> Map<String, T> json2map(String jsonString, Class<T> clazz) throws Exception {
Map<String, Map<String, Object>> map = (Map<String, Map<String, Object>>) objectMapper.readValue(jsonString, new TypeReference<Map<String, T>>() {
});
Map<String, T> result = new HashMap<String, T>();
for (Map.Entry<String, Map<String, Object>> entry : map.entrySet()) {
result.put(entry.getKey(), map2pojo(entry.getValue(), clazz));
}
return result;
}
/**
* 深度转换 JSON 成 Map
*
* @param json
* @return
*/
public static Map<String, Object> json2mapDeeply(String json) throws Exception {
return json2MapRecursion(json, objectMapper);
}
/**
* 把 JSON 解析成 List,如果 List 内部的元素存在 jsonString,继续解析
*
* @param json
* @param mapper 解析工具
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private static List<Object> json2ListRecursion(String json, ObjectMapper mapper) throws Exception {
if (json == null) {
return null;
}
List<Object> list = mapper.readValue(json, List.class);
for (Object obj : list) {
if (obj != null && obj instanceof String) {
String str = (String) obj;
if (str.startsWith("[")) {
obj = json2ListRecursion(str, mapper);
} else if (obj.toString().startsWith("{")) {
obj = json2MapRecursion(str, mapper);
}
}
}
return list;
}
/**
* 把 JSON 解析成 Map,如果 Map 内部的 Value 存在 jsonString,继续解析
*
* @param json
* @param mapper
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private static Map<String, Object> json2MapRecursion(String json, ObjectMapper mapper) throws Exception {
if (json == null) {
return null;
}
Map<String, Object> map = mapper.readValue(json, Map.class);
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : map.entrySet()) {
Object obj = entry.getValue();
if (obj != null && obj instanceof String) {
String str = ((String) obj);
if (str.startsWith("[")) {
List<?> list = json2ListRecursion(str, mapper);
map.put(entry.getKey(), list);
} else if (str.startsWith("{")) {
Map<String, Object> mapRecursion = json2MapRecursion(str, mapper);
map.put(entry.getKey(), mapRecursion);
}
}
}
return map;
}
/**
* 将 JSON 数组转换为集合
*
* @param jsonArrayStr
* @param clazz
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static <T> List<T> json2list(String jsonArrayStr, Class<T> clazz) throws Exception {
JavaType javaType = getCollectionType(ArrayList.class, clazz);
List<T> list = (List<T>) objectMapper.readValue(jsonArrayStr, javaType);
return list;
}
/**
* 获取泛型的 Collection Type
*
* @param collectionClass 泛型的Collection
* @param elementClasses 元素类
* @return JavaType Java类型
* @since 1.0
*/
public static JavaType getCollectionType(Class<?> collectionClass, Class<?>... elementClasses) {
return objectMapper.getTypeFactory().constructParametricType(collectionClass, elementClasses);
}
/**
* 将 Map 转换为 JavaBean
*
* @param map
* @param clazz
* @return
*/
public static <T> T map2pojo(Map map, Class<T> clazz) {
return objectMapper.convertValue(map, clazz);
}
/**
* 将 Map 转换为 JSON
*
* @param map
* @return
*/
public static String mapToJson(Map map) {
try {
return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(map);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "";
}
/**
* 将 JSON 对象转换为 JavaBean
*
* @param obj
* @param clazz
* @return
*/
public static <T> T obj2pojo(Object obj, Class<T> clazz) {
return objectMapper.convertValue(obj, clazz);
}
}
查询
@Test
// 按ID查询
public void testGet() throws IOException {
GetRequest request = new GetRequest("books", "1");//索引名,id
GetResponse response = client.get(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
System.out.println("book:" + response.getSourceAsString());
}
条件查询
@Test
public void testSearch() throws IOException {
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest("books");
SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
builder.query(QueryBuilders.termQuery("all", "spring"));
request.source(builder);
SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}
}