MongoDB---常用命令

1、创建库

[root@localhost ~]# mongo
> use school     #创建库school
switched to db school

> show dbs       #不在创建的库里创建集合时，使用show是看不到这个库的
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB

2、创建集合

> db.createCollection('info')   #创建集合，相当于mysql中的表
{ "ok" : 1 }

> show dbs       #就可以使用show查看创建的库了
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB
school  0.000GB

> show collections   #查看集合
info

3、插入、查看数据

> db.info.insert({"id":1,"name":"zhangsan","score":88,"hobby":["game","talk","sport"]})  #插入数据

> db.info.find()    #查看集合中的内容
{ "_id" : ObjectId("606f10f0561aaa32ab8f1f80"), "id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "score" : 88, "hobby" : [ "game", "talk", "sport" ] }

4、查找内容

> for (var i=2;i<=100;i++)db.info.insert({"id":i,"name":"jack"+i})   #在集合中使用for循环插入2到100条数据
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

> db.info.findOne({"id":10})    #查找id为10的数据内容
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("606f11fe561aaa32ab8f1f89"),
	"id" : 10,
	"name" : "jack10"
}

5、设置别名

> a=db.info.findOne({"id":1})   #定义db.info.findOne({"id":1})的别名为a
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("606f10f0561aaa32ab8f1f80"),
	"id" : 1,
	"name" : "zhangsan",
	"score" : 88,
	"hobby" : [
		"game",
		"talk",
		"sport"
	]
}
> a      #此时直接输入a即可查询到id为1的内容
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("606f10f0561aaa32ab8f1f80"),
	"id" : 1,
	"name" : "zhangsan",
	"score" : 88,
	"hobby" : [
		"game",
		"talk",
		"sport"
	]
}

6、查看数据类型

> typeof(a.id)    #查看id的字符类型
number      #数字类型
> typeof(a.name)
string      #字符串类型
> typeof(a.score)
number      #数字类型
> typeof(a.hobby)
object      #数组类型

7、更改数据内容

> db.info.update({"id":10},{$set:{"name":"tom"}})    #更改id为10的name为tom
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.info.findOne({"id":10})     #查看
{ "_id" : ObjectId("606f11fe561aaa32ab8f1f89"), "id" : 10, "name" : "tom" }

8、删除集合

> db.createCollection('test')
{ "ok" : 1 }
> show tables
info
test
> db.test.drop()    #删除集合test
true
> show tables
info

9、删除数据库

> use myschool
switched to db myschool
> db.createCollection('a')
{ "ok" : 1 }
> show dbs
admin     0.000GB
config    0.000GB
local     0.000GB
myschool  0.000GB
school    0.000GB
> use myschool    #删除数据库之前需要进入该数据库
switched to db myschool
> db.dropDatabase()   #删除数据库
{ "dropped" : "myschool", "ok" : 1 }
> show dbs
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB
school  0.000GB

10、统计集合中数据条数

> use school
switched to db school
> show tables
info
> db.info.count()
100

11、导出数据库中的数据

[root@localhost ~]# mongoexport -d school -c info -o /opt/school.json 
2021-04-08T22:56:20.893+0800	connected to: localhost
2021-04-08T22:56:20.895+0800	exported 100 records
###-d：指定数据库   -c：指定集合    -o指定到处绝对路径，注意结尾格式要是json格式

12、导入数据库外的数据到数据库中

[root@localhost opt]# mongoimport -d school -c test --file /opt/school.json 
2021-04-08T22:59:19.474+0800	connected to: localhost
2021-04-08T22:59:19.506+0800	imported 100 documents

[root@localhost opt]# mongo   #进入数据库中查看导入的数据
> use school
switched to db school
> show tables
info
test
> db.test.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("606f10f0561aaa32ab8f1f80"), "id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "score" : 88, "hobby" : [ "game", "talk", "sport" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("606f11fe561aaa32ab8f1f81"), "id" : 2, "name" : "jack2" }

13、限制条件的导出数据

[root@localhost ~]# mongoexport -d school -c info -q '{"id":{"$eq":10}}' -o /opt/top10.json
2021-04-08T23:06:54.127+0800	connected to: localhost
2021-04-08T23:06:54.127+0800	exported 1 record
###-q：后面加限制的条件，这里是限制导出id等于10的数据
###eq：等于    gt：大于    lt：小于   

14、备份与恢复数据

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /backup

[root@localhost ~]# mongodump -d school -o /backup/    #备份数据，-o指定备份保存路径
2021-04-08T23:11:29.900+0800	writing school.info to 
2021-04-08T23:11:29.900+0800	writing school.test to 
2021-04-08T23:11:29.913+0800	done dumping school.info (100 documents)
2021-04-08T23:11:29.914+0800	done dumping school.test (100 documents)

[root@localhost ~]# ls /backup/school/
info.bson           test.bson
info.metadata.json  test.metadata.json


[root@localhost ~]# mongorestore -d school2 --dir=/backup/school
####数据库恢复，此处使用-d指定还原的数据库可以不存在，因为在恢复的时候可以创建该数据库