《C++ Primer》第5版 课后习题第六章(代码部分)

6.3

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int fact(int val)
{
	int ret = 1;
	while (val > 1)
		ret *= val--;
	return ret;
}

int main()
{
	int j = fact(5);
	cout << "5! is " << j << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.4

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int fact(int val)
{
	int ret = 1;
	while (val > 1)
		ret *= val--;
	return ret;
}

int main()
{
	int num;
	cout << "请输入数字:" << endl;
	cin >> num;
	int j = fact(num);
	cout << num << "! is " << j << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.5

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int abs(int val)
{
	int ret = 1;
	if (val >= 0)
		ret = val;
	else
		ret = -val;
	return ret;
}

int main()
{
	int num;
	cout << "请输入数字:" << endl;
	cin >> num;
	int j = abs(num);
	cout << num << "的绝对值为:" << j << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.6

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int count_calls()
{
	static int ctr = 0;//局部静态变量
	int a = 2;//局部变量
	ctr += a;
	return ctr;
}

int main()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
		cout << count_calls() << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.7

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int count_calls()
{
	static int ctr = 0;//局部静态变量
	return ctr++;
}

int main()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
		cout << count_calls() << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.8

6.9

6.10

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void exchange(int *p, int *q)
{
	int c;
	c = *p;
	*p = *q;
	*q = c;
}
int main()
{
	int a = 1, b = 2;
	exchange(&a, &b);
	cout << a << " " << b << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.11

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void reset(int &p)
{
	p = 0;
}
int main()
{
	int a = 1;
	reset(a);
	cout << a << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.12

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void exchange(int &p, int &q)
{
	int c;
	c = p;
	p = q;
	q = c;
}
int main()
{
	int a = 1, b = 2;
	exchange(a, b);
	cout << a << " " << b << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.16

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

string::size_type find_uchar(const string &s)
{
	auto ret = s.size();
	int flag = 0;
	for (decltype(ret) i = 0; i != s.size(); ++i)
		if (isupper(s[i]))
			++flag;
	return flag;
}
int main()
{
	string s;
	int num=0;
	cout << "请输入字符串:" << endl;
	getline(cin, s);
	num=find_uchar(s);
	cout << "大写字母的个数为:" << num << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.17

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

string upper_to_lower (string &s)
{
	auto ret = s.size();
	for (decltype(ret) i = 0; i != s.size(); ++i)
		s[i]=tolower(s[i]);
	return s;
}
int main()
{
	string s;
	cout << "请输入字符串:" << endl;
	getline(cin, s);
	cout << "修改之后的字符串:" << upper_to_lower(s) << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.18

bool compare(matrix &a, matrix &b){ /.../ }
vector<int>::iterator change_val(int, vector<int>::iterator) { /.../ }

6.21

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int compare(int num1, int *num2)
{
	if (num1 > *num2)
		return num1;
	else
		return *num2;
}
int main()
{
	int a, b;
	int *c=&b;
	cout << "请输入两个数字:" << endl;
	cin >> a >> b;
	cout << "两者中较大的数字为:" << compare(a,c) << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.22

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void swap(int* &num1, int *&num2)//该参数是一个引用(由右向左读),引用对象是int指针。这样会交换指针本身的值,即地址
{
	int *temp;
	temp = num1;
	num1 = num2;
	num2 = temp;
}
int main()
{
	int a, b;
	int *a1 = &a, *b1 = &b;
	cout << "请输入两个数字:" << endl;
	cin >> a >> b;
	cout << "交换之前:" << *a1<<" "<<*b1 << endl;
	swap(a1, b1);
	cout << "交换之后:" << *a1 << " " << *b1 << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.23

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void print(const int *beg, const int *end)//该参数是一个引用(由右向左读),引用对象是int指针。这样会交换指针本身的值,即地址
{
	while (beg != end)
		cout << *beg++ << endl;
}
int main()
{
	int i[] = { 0 }, j[2] = { 0,1 };
	print(begin(i), end(i));
	print(begin(j), end(j));
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.25

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
	string str;
	for (int i = 1; i != argc; ++i) {
		str += argv[i];
		str += " ";
	}
	cout << str << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

 通过操作系统命令行获取参数:在VS中设置时右键项目->属性->调试->命令参数,在命令参数中添加所需参数,字符串之间用空格分开即可。

 6.26

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
	for (int i = 1; i != argc; ++i)
		cout << argv[i] << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.27

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int sum(initializer_list<int> i)
{
	int sum = 0;
	for (auto beg = i.begin(); beg != i.end(); ++beg)
		sum += *beg;
	/*也可以使用for循环
	for (auto &c : i)
		sum += c;*/
	return sum;
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
	//cout << sum({ 1, 2, 3, 4 }) << endl;
	initializer_list<int> ia = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
	cout << sum(ia) << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.30

6.33

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int print(vector<int> v,int num1,const int num2)
{
	if (num1 != num2)//num1为当前打印的元素,num2为总元素数量
	{
		cout << v[num1] << endl;
		return print(v, ++num1, num2);
	}
	else
		return 0;
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
	vector<int> ia(10, -1);//创建vector容器
	print(ia, 0, 10);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.37

//直接声明一个返回数组引用的函数
string(&func())[10];
//使用类型别名
typedef string arrT1[10];//using arrT1 = string[10];
arrT1& func( );
//使用尾置返回类型
auto func( )->int(&)[10];
//使用decltype关键字
int arrT2[10];
decltype(arrT2) &func();

6.38

int odd[] = { 1,3,5,7,9 };
int even[] = { 0,2,4,6,8 };
decltype(odd) &arrPtr(int i)
{
	return(i % 2) ? odd : even;//返回数组的引用
}

6.42

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

string make_plural(size_t ctr, const string &word, const string &ending="s")
{
	return (ctr > 1) ? word + ending : word;
}

int main()
{
	cout << make_plural(2, "success", "es") << endl;
	cout << make_plural(2, "failure") << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.44 在函数返回类型前面加上关键字inline

inline bool isShorter(const string &s1, const string &s2)
{
	return s1.size < s2.size();
}

6.48

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include<cassert>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
	string s;
	while(cin>>s && s!="sought"){}//空函数体,循环读入,遇到结束符或者sought结束循环
	assert(cin);//assert为预处理宏,首先对cin求值判断真假,cin为结束符则为假,assert输出提示信息并终止程序执行,为真则什么也不做
	/*
	int a;
	cin >> a;
	assert(a >= 10);//若a<10则条件为假,assert输出提示信息并终止程序执行,为真则什么也不做
	cout << "a=" << a;*/
	system("pause");
}

6.51

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void f() { puts("void f()"); }//1
void f(int) { puts("void f(int)"); }//2
void f(int, int) { puts("void f(int, int)"); }//3
void f(double, double = 3.14) { puts("void f(double, double = 3.14)"); }//4

int main()
{
	f();//调用1
	f(true);//调用2
	f(1, 'a');//调用3
	f(3.34);//调用4
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

6.52

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void manip(int, int);
double dobj;

int main()
{
	manip('a', 'z');//类型提升,char到int                                                                                                                                                  
	manip(55.4, dobj);//类型转换,double转换成int
}

6.53

(a)
int calc(int&, int&);
int calc(const int&, const int&);//当传入形参为const int型时调用
(b)
int calc(char*, char*);
int calc(const char*, const char*);//当传入形参为const char*型时(指向常量的指针)调用
(c)
int calc(char*, char*);
int calc(char* const, char* const);//不合法,顶层const被忽略,实际上并未形成函数重载
 

6.54~6.56

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int func1(int a, int b)
{
	return a + b;
}

int func2(int a, int b)
{
	return a - b;
}

int func3(int a, int b)
{
	return a*b;
}
int func4(int a, int b)
{
	return a/b;
}

int main()
{
	int (*p)(int a, int b);//指针p指向函数,该函数的形参为两个int,返回类型为int
	vector<decltype(p)> v;
	v.push_back(func1);
	v.push_back(func2);
	v.push_back(func3);
	v.push_back(func4);
	//测试
	int a = 3;
	int b = 1;
	for (auto it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
	{
		cout << (*it)(a, b) << endl;
	}
	system("pause");
}
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