《C++ Primer》第5版 课后习题第三章（部分）

3.32

数组拷贝：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
	int arr[10];
	for (int i=0; i < 10; ++i)
		arr[i] = i;
	for (auto u : arr)
		cout << u << " ";
	int arr1[10];
	for (auto i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
		arr1[i] = arr[i];
	cout << '\n' << "拷贝之后的数组内容如下：" << endl;
	for (auto u : arr1)
		cout << u << " ";
	system("pause");
}

利用vector重写：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
	vector<int> arr,arr1;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
		arr.push_back(i);
	arr1 = arr;
	for (auto u : arr)
		cout << u << " ";
	cout << '\n' << "拷贝之后的数组内容如下：" << endl;
	for (auto u : arr1)
		cout << u << " ";
	system("pause");
}

3.33

 3.35

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
	int arr[] = { 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 };
	int *p1 = arr;
	for (auto i : arr)
	{
		*p1 = 0;
		++p1;
	}
	for (auto i : arr)
		cout << arr[i] << " ";
	system("pause");
}

3.36

比较两个数组是否相等

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
	int arr[] = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}, arr1[] = {0,-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
	int flag = 0;
	auto a = end(arr) - begin(arr), b = end(arr1) - begin(arr1);//获取两个数组的长度
	//判断数组是否相等
	if (a == b)
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < a; ++i)
		{
			if (arr[i] == arr1[i]) {
				++flag;
			}
		}
		if (flag == a)
			cout << "两个数组相等" << endl;
		else
			cout << "两个数组不相等" << endl;
	}
	else
		cout << "两个数组不相等" << endl;
	system("pause");
}

比较两个vector是否相等

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
	vector<int> arr = { 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 }, arr1 = { 0,1,-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 };
	if (arr==arr1)
		cout << "两个vector相等" << endl;
	else
		cout << "两个vector不相等" << endl;
	system("pause");
}

3.37

while(*cp)会在ca数组（字符类型）中找有没有'\0'的字符，只有当遇到'\0'时while循环才会停止，题中那样的定义方式是不包含'\0'的，所以程序会一直找，直到找到'\0'为止，所以输出除了hello外还会输出其他的字符，每次运行结果都不一样。

3.38

两个指针相加没有任何意义，并且也是非法的。

3.39

比较两个string对象

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
	string str1 = "A string example";
	string str2 = "A different string";
	if (str1 == str2)
		cout << "Equal" << endl;
	else
		cout << "Not Equal" << endl;
	system("pause");
}

比较两个C风格字符串（要用strcmp函数）

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
	char str1[] = "A string example";//这样定义会自动添加表示字符串结束的空字符
	char str2[] = "A different string";
	if (strcmp(str1, str2) == 0)
		cout << "Equal" << endl;
	else
		cout << "Not Equal" << endl;
	system("pause");
}

3.40

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
	char a[] = "Hello,", b[] = "world";
	char c[100];
	strcpy_s(c, a);
	strcat_s(c, " ");
	strcat_s(c, b);
	cout << c << endl;
	system("pause");
}

3.41

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
	int a[] = { 0,1,2,3,4,5 };
	//vector<int> b(begin(a), end(a));//用整个数组初始化vector对象
	vector<int> b(a + 1, a + 3);//用a[1]与a[2]初始化vector对象
	for(auto i:b)
	cout << i << endl;
	system("pause");
}

3.42

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
	vector<int> a = { 1,2,3,4,5 };
	int b[5];
	for (int i = 0; i < 5;i++)
	{
		b[i] = a[i];
	}
	for(auto i :b)
	cout << i << " ";
	system("pause");
}

3.43

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
	int ia[3][4] = { {1},{2},{3} };
	//范围for语句
	for (int(&row)[4] : ia) //使用范围for语句时，除了内存的所有层控制变量均为引用类型
    {
		for (int col : row) 
			cout << col << " ";
		cout << endl;
	}
	//普通for语句，利用下标运算符
	for (int row = 0; row < 3; ++row)
	{
		for (int col = 0; col < 4; ++col)
			cout << ia[row][col] << " ";
		cout << endl;
	}
	//普通for语句，利用指针
	for (int(*p)[4] = ia; p != ia + 3; ++p)
	{
		for (int *q = *p; q != *p + 4; ++q)
			cout << *q << " ";
		cout << endl;
	}
	system("pause");
}

3.44

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
	int ia[3][4] = { {1},{2},{3} };
	using int_array = int(&)[4];
	//范围for语句
	for (int_array row : ia)//使用范围for语句时，除了内存的所有层控制变量均为引用类型
	{
		for (int col : row)
			cout << col << " ";
		cout << endl;
	}
	//普通for语句，利用下标运算符
	for (int row = 0; row < 3; ++row)
	{
		for (int col = 0; col < 4; ++col)
			cout << ia[row][col] << " ";
		cout << endl;
	}
	//普通for语句，利用指针
	using int_arrayR = int(*)[4];
	using int_arrayRR = int*;
	for (int_arrayR p = ia; p != ia + 3; ++p)
	{
		for (int_arrayRR q = *p; q != *p + 4; ++q)
			cout << *q << " ";
		cout << endl;
	}
	system("pause");
}

3.45

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
	int ia[3][4] = { {1},{2},{3} };
	//范围for语句
	for (auto &row : ia)//使用范围for语句时，除了内存的所有层控制变量均为引用类型
	{
		for (auto col : row)
			cout << col << " ";
		cout << endl;
	}
	//普通for语句，利用下标运算符
	for (auto row = 0; row < 3; ++row)
	{
		for (auto col = 0; col < 4; ++col)
			cout << ia[row][col] << " ";
		cout << endl;
	}
	//普通for语句，利用指针
	for (auto p = ia; p != ia + 3; ++p)
	{
		for (auto *q = *p; q != *p + 4; ++q)
			cout << *q << " ";
		cout << endl;
	}
	system("pause");
}