Truffle - 2 利用Truffle编写、测试智能合约并将其部署到不同的测试网络

2 利用Truffle编写、测试智能合约并将其部署到不同的测试网络

2.1创建项目

建一个文件夹

mkdir truffle-project

truffle init //初始化

qinjianquan@MacBook-Pro-10 truffle-project % ls //查看文件
contracts		test
migrations		truffle-config.js  

contracts: 编写以及存放智能合约的文件夹

**migrations：**使用solidity编写智能合约的文件夹，编写文件解释truffle 如何部署智能合约，用的是node.js

test: 用来写测试文件，大多数使用的是node.js,也有一些使用的是Solidity

truffle-config.js: 配置文件用来定义智能合约部署的网络

2.2 编写合约

vim contracts/SimpleStorage.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.4; //请注意solidity的版本问题，如果合约指定的版本和当前Solidity不兼容的话，这将会在编译的时候出错

contract SimpleStorage {
    uint data;

    function updateData(uint _data) external {
        data = _data;
    }

    function readData() external view returns(uint) {
        return data;
    }
}

2.3 编译合约

编译合约

truffle compile //编译

Compiling your contracts...
===========================
✓ Fetching solc version list from solc-bin. Attempt #1
✓ Downloading compiler. Attempt #1.
> Compiling ./contracts/Migrations.sol
> Compiling ./contracts/SimpleStorage.sol
> Compilation warnings encountered:

    Warning: SPDX license identifier not provided in source file. Before publishing, consider adding a comment containing "SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX-License>" to each source file. Use "SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED" for non-open-source code. Please see https://spdx.org for more information.
--> project:/contracts/SimpleStorage.sol


> Artifacts written to /Users/qinjianquan/truffle-project/build/contracts
> Compiled successfully using:
   - solc: 0.8.13+commit.abaa5c0e.Emscripten.clang

查看编译后的文件

qinjianquan@MacBook-Pro-10 truffle-project % ls //查看生成的json文件，主要是ABI信息等
build			contracts		migrations		test			truffle-config.js
qinjianquan@MacBook-Pro-10 truffle-project % ls build/contracts/
Migrations.json		SimpleStorage.json

qinjianquan@MacBook-Pro-10 truffle-project % ls
build			contracts		migrations		test			truffle-config.js
qinjianquan@MacBook-Pro-10 truffle-project % ls build/contracts/
Migrations.json		SimpleStorage.json

vim build/contracts/SimpleStorage.json //查看编译后的json文件以及一些其它编译合约的信息
"abi": [
    {
      "inputs": [
        {
          "internalType": "uint256",
          "name": "_data",
          "type": "uint256"
        }
      ],
      "name": "uodateData",
      "outputs": [],
      "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
      "type": "function"
    },
    {
      "inputs": [],
      "name": "readData",
      "outputs": [
        {
          "internalType": "uint256",
          "name": "",
          "type": "uint256"
        }
      ],
      "stateMutability": "view",
      "type": "function"
    }
  ],
--

2.3 测试合约

测试文件/合约都可以在vs code先编写，然后通过命令行工具部署和测试。这一步骤可以跳过，读者可以选择将合约部署到区块链之上后通过与合约交互从而测试合约的功能

vim test/SimpleStorage.js //编写测试文件

const SimpleStorage = artifacts.require('SimpleStorage');

contract('SimpleStorage', ()=> {
     it ('Should update data',sync () => {
          const storage = await SimpleStorage.new();
          await storage.updateData(10);
          const data = await storage.readData();
          assert(data.toString() === '10');
     });
});

qinjianquan@MacBook-Pro-10 truffle-project % truffle test 运行测试，此时的测试在本地的私有链Ganache上，非常简单方便

Using network 'test'.


Compiling your contracts...
===========================
> Everything is up to date, there is nothing to compile.


  Contract: SimpleStorage
    ✔ Should update data (2093ms)


  1 passing (2s)

2.4 部署合约

2.4.1 将合约部署到私有链ganache上

ganache可以独立安装，但是当安装了truffle时，也会自动安装ganache,编写、测试好的智能合约可以部署到私有链或