bug：数据库中实际只有一条数据，sql查询多条出重复数据

开发的时候遇到一个问题，如下：

表中数据：

SQL如下：

select w.*,h.document_end_date,h.document_category,g.project_name AS projectName
 from (select
    a.id,
    a.project_guid,
    a.paper_guid AS personalPaperGuid,
    '自研科技' AS distinguish,
    a.paper_date AS paperDate,
    a.paper_title AS paperName,
    a.publication_type AS paperType,
    a.paper_number AS paperNumber,
    a.ranks AS ranks,
    a.author AS author,
    a.create_time AS createTime
from tb_research_unit_paper a
UNION ALL
select
    b.id,
    b.project_guid,
    b.paper_guid AS personalPaperGuid,
    '在研科技' AS distinguish,
    b.paper_date AS paperDate,
    b.paper_title AS paperName,
    b.publication_type AS paperType,
    b.paper_number AS paperNumber,
    b.ranks AS ranks,
    b.author AS author,
    b.create_time AS createTime
from tb_technology_unit_paper b) w
left join
        (select e.project_name,e.project_guid FROM tb_research_project_info e UNION ALL
         SELECT project_name,project_guid FROM tb_technology_project_info )g ON w.project_guid = g.project_guid
left join
        (select f.document_end_date,f.document_category,f.project_guid FROM tb_research_assessment_index f UNION ALL
         select document_end_date,document_category,project_guid FROM tb_technology_assessment_index) h ON w.project_guid = h.project_guid

运行结果如下：

可以看到SQL查询出多条重复性数据，但是数据库实际存储只有一条

产生原因：

一对多联表查询，生成笛卡尔积m*n，产生重复数据

解决方案：

第一种：DISTINCT去重

 第二种：group by 分组(推荐使用，逻辑复杂DISTINCT之后可能仍然会存在重复数据)