CentOS 7 Docker 安装教程

使用官方安装脚本自动安装

安装命令如下：

curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | bash -s docker --mirror Aliyun

也可以使用国内 daocloud 一键安装命令：

curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/docker | sh

手动安装

卸载旧版本

较旧的 Docker 版本称为 docker 或 docker-engine 。如果已安装这些程序，请卸载它们以及相关的依赖项。

 $ sudo yum remove docker \
         docker-client \
         docker-client-latest \
         docker-common \
         docker-latest \
         docker-latest-logrotate \
         docker-logrotate \
         docker-engine

查看系统内核版本

Linux服务器安装的centos的系统内核不能低于3.10，否则安装不成功。可以通过一下命令uname -r查看系统内核版本

[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

添加内核参数

编辑配置文件/etc/sysctl.conf

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf 
# sysctl settings are defined through files in
# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.
#
# Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0

输入sysctl -p命令，重新加载sysctl.conf

[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0

更新yum源（非必要操作）

[root@localhost ~]# yum update -y

设置仓库

新主机首次安装 Docker Engine-Community之前，需要设置Docker仓库，之后，可以从仓库安装和更新 Docker。设置仓库，需要安装所需的软件包。yum-utils 提供了 yum-config-manager ，并且 device mapper 存储驱动程序需要 device-mapper-persistent-data 和 lvm2，这两个是 devicemapper 必要依赖包

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.cn99.com
 * updates: mirrors.cn99.com
Package yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch already installed and latest version
Package device-mapper-persistent-data-0.8.5-3.el7_9.2.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 7:lvm2-2.02.187-6.el7_9.5.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do

输入modprobe dm-mod命令，加载Device Mapper模块

输入ls -l /sys/class/misc/device-mapper命令，然后按Enter键，验证Device Mapper模块安装

[root@localhost ~]# modprobe dm-mod
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /sys/class/misc/device-mapper
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 0 Apr  5 21:46 /sys/class/misc/device-mapper -> ../../devices/virtual/misc/device-mapper

设置yum源

由于服务器在国外比较慢，所以配置国内的阿里云yum源，可以配置其他的

[root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
adding repo from: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

查看docker可用的版本，并选择自己喜欢的需要的版本安装

[root@localhost ~]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
 * updates: mirrors.cn99.com
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
 * extras: mirrors.cn99.com
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.9-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.8-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.7-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.6-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.5-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.4-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.3-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.2-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.14-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.1-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.13-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.12-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.11-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.10-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.0-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.9-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.8-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.7-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.6-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.5-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.4-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.3-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.2-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.15-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.14-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.1-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.13-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.12-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.11-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.10-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.0-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.9-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.8-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.7-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.6-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.5-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.4-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.3-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.2-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.1-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.0-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.3.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.2.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.1.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.0.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.2.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.3.ce-1.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
 * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
Available Packages

安装docker-ce版，全称：Docker Engine-Community，社区版

[root@localhost ~]# yum install docker-ce -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.cn99.com
 * updates: mirrors.cn99.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.14-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: container-selinux >= 2:2.74 for package: 3:docker-ce-20.10.14-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: containerd.io >= 1.4.1 for package: 3:docker-ce-20.10.14-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libseccomp >= 2.3 for package: 3:docker-ce-20.10.14-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: docker-ce-cli for package: 3:docker-ce-20.10.14-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: docker-ce-rootless-extras for package: 3:docker-ce-20.10.14-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libcgroup for package: 3:docker-ce-20.10.14-3.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package container-selinux.noarch 2:2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: policycoreutils-python for package: 2:container-selinux-2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8.noarch
-------
-------
-------
Installed:
  docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.14-3.el7                                                                           

Dependency Installed:
  audit-libs-python.x86_64 0:2.8.5-4.el7                 checkpolicy.x86_64 0:2.5-8.el7                       
  container-selinux.noarch 2:2.119.2-1.911c772.el7_8     containerd.io.x86_64 0:1.5.11-3.1.el7                
  docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:20.10.14-3.el7                  docker-ce-rootless-extras.x86_64 0:20.10.14-3.el7    
  docker-scan-plugin.x86_64 0:0.17.0-3.el7               fuse-overlayfs.x86_64 0:0.7.2-6.el7_8                
  fuse3-libs.x86_64 0:3.6.1-4.el7                        libcgroup.x86_64 0:0.41-21.el7                       
  libseccomp.x86_64 0:2.3.1-4.el7                        libsemanage-python.x86_64 0:2.5-14.el7               
  policycoreutils-python.x86_64 0:2.5-34.el7             python-IPy.noarch 0:0.75-6.el7                       
  setools-libs.x86_64 0:3.3.8-4.el7                      slirp4netns.x86_64 0:0.4.3-4.el7_8                   

Complete!

遇到报错 信息：Error: Package: containerd.io-1.6.6-3.1.el7.x86_64 (docker-ce-stable)
           Requires: container-selinux >= 2:2.74

 

排错：

方法1：

[root@compute ~]# yum install wget -y

[root@compute ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo  
[root@compute ~]#  yum install epel-release -y
[root@compute ~]# yum install container-selinux -y

方法2：

 yum install -y http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/container-selinux-2.107-3.el7.noarch.rpm   

查看安装的版本,也是验证是否安装成功

[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           20.10.14
 API version:       1.41
 Go version:        go1.16.15
 Git commit:        a224086
 Built:             Thu Mar 24 01:49:57 2022
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default
 Experimental:      true
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?

配置镜像加速

解决镜像不稳定。下载镜像慢等问题，这里配置阿里云的镜像加速

针对Docker客户端版本大于 1.10.0 的用户

您可以通过修改daemon配置文件/etc/docker/daemon.json来使用加速器

mkdir -p /etc/docker
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://j5wsgox9.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

启动并加入开机启动

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable docker

校验

[root@localhost ~]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
2db29710123e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:2498fce14358aa50ead0cc6c19990fc6ff866ce72aeb5546e1d59caac3d0d60f
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!  #有这个输出就说明docker安装成功
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/