python初入江湖：函数参数

# 默认参数：必选参数放在前面，默认参数放在后面，变化大的参数放在前面，变化小的参数放在后面
def my_pow(x, n=2):
	s = 1
	while n > 0:
		n = n - 1
		s = s * x
	return s

my_pow(3)
>>>9
my_pow(3, 3)
>>>27

def pupil(name, gender, age=6, city='BeiJing'):
	print(name, gender, age, city)

pupil('张三', '男')
>>>张三 男 6 Beijing
pupil('李四', '女', city='tianjing', age=7)
>>>李四 女 7 tianjing

# 可变参数函数,允许传入0个或任意个参数，这些可变参数在函数调用时自动组装为一个tuple
def calc(*nums):
	sum = 0
	for n in nums:
		sum = sum + n
	return sum

calc(1, 3, 3, 4, 7)
>>>18

# 可变参数函数如何将list或tuple作为参数
def calc(*nums):
	sum = 0
	for n in nums:
		sum = sum + n
	return sum

calc(*[1, 2, 3])
>>>6
calc(*(1, 2, 3))
>>>6

# 不使用可变参数的函数，也可以将参数装成list或tuple
def calc(nums):
	sum = 0
	for n in nums:
		sum = sum + n
	return sum

calc([1, 2, 3])
>>>6
calc((1, 2, 3))
>>>6

# 关键字参数函数，允许传入0个或任意个含参数名的参数，这些关键字参数在函数内部自动组装为一个dict
def student(name, gender, **kw):
	print(name, gender, 'other:', kw)

student('xiaoming', 'F')
>>>xiaoming F other: {}
student('lili', 'M', age=12, city='beijing')
>>>lili M other: {'age': 12, 'city': 'beijing'}

extra = {'age': 12, 'city': 'beijing'}
student('lili', 'M', **extra)
>>>lili M other: {'age': 12, 'city': 'beijing'}