前言
上一篇博文简单的说了一下BGP的基本内容,接下来简单介绍一下BGP的路径属性
提示:以下是本篇文章正文内容,下面案例可供参考
BGP路径属性
1.分类
公认属性分为工人必遵属性和公认自由决定属性:
公认必遵属性:Origin 、AS_Path、Nexthop
所有的BGP实现都必须都能识别,且在Update报文中必须携带
公认自由决定属性:Local-preference、ATOMIC_Aggregate
所有的BGP实现都必须都能识别,但不要求在Update报文中必须携带
可选属性分为可选传递和可选非传递
可选传递:Community、Aggregator
设备可以不支持该属性,但即使不支持,也应当接收包含该属性的路由并传递给其他对等体
可选非传递:MED、Originator_ID、Cluster_list、*pre_value
设备可以不支持该属性,不识别的BGP进程忽略包含这个属性的路由更新,并且不传递给其他BGP对等体
2.路由优选规则
①优选具有最大Preferred-Value的路由
②优选具有最大Local_Preference的路由
③优选起源于本地的路由
④优选AS_Path最短的路由
⑤Origin(IGP>EGP>Incomplete)
⑥优选MED最小的路由
⑦优选EBGP对等体所通告的路由
⑧优选到Next_hop的IGP度量值最小的路由
⑨BGP路由负载分担
⑩优选Cluster_List最短的路由
⑪优选Router-ID最小的BGP对等体发来的路由
⑫优选Peer-IP地址最小的对等体发来的路由
实验
实验要求
1、所有路由器军创建loopback0接口
2、R3、R4及R5运行OSPF,在相关接口激活OSPF(包括loopback0)
3、EBGP对等体关系基于直连接口建立,IBGP对等体关系基于loopback0接口建立
4、手工配置Pre-value、local_Preference、AS_Path、Origin、MED值观察bgp路由表的变化
(1)R1配置
<R1>dis cu
[V200R003C00]
#
sysname R1
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 13.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
#
interface LoopBack1
ip address 100.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
bgp 100
router-id 1.1.1.1
peer 13.0.0.2 as-number 300
#
ipv4-family unicast
undo synchronization
network 100.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
peer 13.0.0.2 enable
#
return
<R1>
(2)R2配置
<R2>dis cu
[V200R003C00]
#
sysname R2
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 24.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
#
interface LoopBack1
ip address 100.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
#
bgp 200
router-id 2.2.2.2
peer 24.0.0.2 as-number 300
#
ipv4-family unicast
undo synchronization
network 100.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
peer 24.0.0.2 enable
#
wlan ac
#
return
<R2>
(3)R3配置
<R3>dis cu
[V200R003C00]
#
sysname R3
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 13.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 35.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
#
bgp 300
router-id 3.3.3.3
peer 4.4.4.4 as-number 300
peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 5.5.5.5 as-number 300
peer 5.5.5.5 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 13.0.0.1 as-number 100
#
ipv4-family unicast
undo synchronization
peer 4.4.4.4 enable
peer 5.5.5.5 enable
peer 5.5.5.5 next-hop-local
peer 13.0.0.1 enable
#
ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
area 0.0.0.0
network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
network 35.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
#
wlan ac
#
return
<R3>
(4)R4配置
<R4>dis cu
[V200R003C00]
#
sysname R4
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 24.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 45.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
#
interface NULL0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
#
bgp 300
router-id 4.4.4.4
peer 3.3.3.3 as-number 300
peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 5.5.5.5 as-number 300
peer 5.5.5.5 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 24.0.0.1 as-number 200
#
ipv4-family unicast
undo synchronization
peer 3.3.3.3 enable
peer 5.5.5.5 enable
peer 5.5.5.5 next-hop-local
peer 24.0.0.1 enable
#
ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
area 0.0.0.0
network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
network 45.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
#
wlan ac
#
return
<R4>
(5)R5配置
<R5>dis cu
[V200R003C00]
#
sysname R5
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 45.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 35.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
#
interface NULL0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255
#
bgp 300
router-id 5.5.5.5
peer 3.3.3.3 as-number 300
peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 4.4.4.4 as-number 300
peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack0
#
ipv4-family unicast
undo synchronization
peer 3.3.3.3 enable
peer 4.4.4.4 enable
#
ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
area 0.0.0.0
network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0
network 35.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
network 45.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
#
wlan ac
#
return
<R5>
(6)现象观察
①默认
(选择RouterID小的)
②修改pre-value
(优选具有最大Preferred-Value的路由)
③修改local_preference
(优选具有最大Local_Preference的路由)
④修改AS_Path
(优选AS_Path最短的路由)
⑤修改origin
(IGP>EGP>Incomplete)
⑥修改MED值
(优选MED最小的路由)(med默认不比较来自不同as的路由,使用compare-different-as-med开始比较)