一、Local_Pref属性
Local_Pref属性用于判断流量离开AS时的最佳路由。本地优先级(Local_Pref)属性仅在IBGP对等体之间交换,不通告给其他AS。
Local_Pref属性表明路由器的BGP优先级,用于判断流量离开AS时的最佳路由。当BGP的设备通过不同的IBGP对等体得到目的地址相同但下一跳不同的多条路由时,将优先选择Local_Pref属性值较高的路由。Local_Pref属性仅在IBGP对等体之间有效,不通告给其他AS。Local_Pref属性可以手动配置,如果路由没有配置Local_Pref属性,BGP选路时将该路由的Local_Pref值按缺省值100来处理。
修改Local_Pref属性的方法有两个,具体如下:
方法 | 使用场景 |
---|---|
使用default local-preference命令。 | 为本机向所有IBGP邻居发布的所有路由设置一个缺省的Local_Pref。 |
使用出口路由策略或入口路由策略,并且路由策略里配置了apply local-preference命令。 | 可以为本机向任意IBGP邻居发布的任意路由设置Local_Pref,并且可以为不同的路由设置不同的Local_Pref。 说明:当路由同时符合default local-preference和apply local-preference命令时,apply local-preference命令的配置优先生效。 |
实例:
所有设备的IP地址:
[R1]display ip interface brief
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.12.1/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.0.13.1/24 up up
LoopBack0 10.0.1.1/32 up up(s)
LoopBack1 10.0.11.11/32 up up(s)
[R2]display ip interface brief
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.12.2/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.0.24.2/24 up up
[R3]display ip interface brief
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.13.3/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.0.34.3/24 up up
[R4]display ip interface brief
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.24.4/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.0.34.4/24 up up
LoopBack0 10.0.4.4/32 up up(s)
LoopBack1 10.0.44.44/32 up up(s)
配置OSPF,目的是用LoopBack接口做令居关系:
[R2-ospf-1]display this
#
ospf 1 router-id 10.0.2.2
area 0.0.0.0
network 10.0.24.0 0.0.0.255
network 10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1]display this
#
ospf 1 router-id 10.0.3.3
area 0.0.0.0
network 10.0.34.0 0.0.0.255
network 10.0.3.3 0.0.0.0
[R4-ospf-1]display this
#
ospf 1 router-id 10.0.4.4
area 0.0.0.0
network 10.0.4.4 0.0.0.0
network 10.0.24.0 0.0.0.255
network 10.0.34.0 0.0.0.255
配置BGP,EBGP用物理接口来做令居关系,IBGP用LoopBack接口:
[R1-bgp]display this
#
bgp 100
router-id 10.0.1.1
peer 10.0.12.2 as-number 200
peer 10.0.13.3 as-number 200
#
ipv4-family unicast
undo synchronization
network 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.255
network 10.0.11.11 255.255.255.255
peer 10.0.12.2 enable
peer 10.0.13.3 enable
[R2-bgp]display this
#
bgp 200
router-id 10.0.2.2
peer 10.0.3.3 as-number 200 ----建立令居
peer 10.0.3.3 connect-interface LoopBack0 ----指定更新源
peer 10.0.4.4 as-number 200
peer 10.0.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 10.0.12.1 as-number 100
#
ipv4-family unicast
undo synchronization
peer 10.0.3.3 enable
peer 10.0.3.3 next-hop-local ----更改吓一跳属性
peer 10.0.4.4 enable
peer 10.0.4.4 next-hop-local
peer 10.0.12.1 enable
[R3-bgp]display this
#
bgp 200
router-id 10.0.3.3
peer 10.0.2.2 as-number 200
peer 10.0.2.2 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 10.0.4.4 as-number 200
peer 10.0.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 10.0.13.1 as-number 100
#
ipv4-family unicast
undo synchronization
peer 10.0.2.2 enable
peer 10.0.2.2 next-hop-local
peer 10.0.4.4 enable
peer 10.0.4.4 next-hop-local
peer 10.0.13.1 enable
[R4-bgp]display this
#
bgp 200
router-id 10.0.4.4
peer 10.0.2.2 as-number 200
peer 10.0.2.2 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 10.0.3.3 as-number 200
peer 10.0.3.3 connect-interface LoopBack0
#
ipv4-family unicast
undo synchronization
network 10.0.44.44 255.255.255.255
peer 10.0.2.2 enable
peer 10.0.3.3 enable
查看BGP路由发现去往R1的路由都是经过R2:
[R4]display bgp routing-table
BGP Local router ID is 10.0.4.4
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Total Number of Routes: 5
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.2.2 0 100 0 100i
* i 10.0.3.3 0 100 0 100i
*>i 10.0.11.11/32 10.0.2.2 0 100 0 100i
* i 10.0.3.3 0 100 0 100i
*> 10.0.44.44/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i
接下来我们用Local_Pref值来修改下一跳,Local_Pref只能在本地修改,默认值是100,Local_Pref属性有两种方法:
方法一:在R3、BGP进程里把LocPrf值修改为200:
[R4]display bgp routing-table
BGP Local router ID is 10.0.4.4 修改前
Total Number of Routes: 5
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.2.2 0 100 0 100i
* i 10.0.3.3 0 100 0 100i
*>i 10.0.11.11/32 10.0.2.2 0 100 0 100i
* i 10.0.3.3 0 100 0 100i
*> 10.0.44.44/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i
==============================================================================
[R4]display bgp routing-table
BGP Local router ID is 10.0.4.4 修改后
Total Number of Routes: 3
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.3.3 0 200 0 100i
*>i 10.0.11.11/32 10.0.3.3 0 200 0 100i
*> 10.0.44.44/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i
方法二:在R2写一条10.0.1.1的前缀列表和路由策略,应用到BGP中,用路由策略去匹配前缀列表,如果匹配到前缀列表则增加LocPrf值,现在是两百(加50)加多少自定义,要比原先的大:
[R2]ip ip-prefix 1 permit 10.0.1.1 32
[R2]route-policy 1 permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix 1
[R2-route-policy]apply local-preference 250
[R2-route-policy]q
[R2]route-policy 1 permit node 20
[R2]bgp 200
[R2-bgp]peer 10.0.12.1 route-policy 1 import
配置完后LocPrf值修改为了250
[R4]display bgp routing-table
BGP Local router ID is 10.0.4.4 修改前
Total Number of Routes: 3
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.3.3 0 200 0 100i
*>i 10.0.11.11/32 10.0.3.3 0 200 0 100i
*> 10.0.44.44/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i
==============================================================================
[R4]display bgp routing-table
BGP Local router ID is 10.0.4.4 修改后
Total Number of Routes: 3
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i 10.0.1.1/32 10.0.2.2 0 250 0 100i
*>i 10.0.11.11/32 10.0.3.3 0 200 0 100i
*> 10.0.44.44/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i
结果:
[R4]tracert -a 10.0.44.44 10.0.1.1
traceroute to 10.0.1.1(10.0.1.1), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press
CTRL_C to break
1 10.0.24.2 60 ms 30 ms 50 ms
2 10.0.12.1 80 ms 90 ms 70 ms
============================================================================
[R4]tracert -a 10.0.44.44 10.0.11.11
traceroute to 10.0.11.11(10.0.11.11), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press
CTRL_C to break
1 10.0.34.3 50 ms 40 ms 50 ms
2 10.0.13.1 80 ms 80 ms 40 ms