Linux网络设置

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-27 17:44:01 发布

还行少年

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-27 17:44:01 发布

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文章标签： linux

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51720711/article/details/117026681

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Linux网络设置

查看网络配置

查看所有活动的网络接口信息

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig  //执行ifconfig命令
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500  //centos7默认主网卡
        inet 192.168.177.3  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.177.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed2:bab2  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:d2:ba:b2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 6453  bytes 560140 (547.0 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 2847  bytes 473775 (462.6 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536  //环回网卡
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 74  bytes 6368 (6.2 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 74  bytes 6368 (6.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500 //虚拟出的网卡
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:47:38:1b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@localhost ~]#

查看所有的网络接口信息

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig -a
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.177.3  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.177.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed2:bab2  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:d2:ba:b2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 7314  bytes 633884 (619.0 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 3242  bytes 525591 (513.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens37: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 00:0c:29:d2:ba:bc  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 2642  bytes 230098 (224.7 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 773  bytes 89152 (87.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 74  bytes 6368 (6.2 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 74  bytes 6368 (6.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:47:38:1b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0-nic: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 52:54:00:47:38:1b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@localhost ~]#

查看指定网络接口信息

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33  //查看ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.177.3  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.177.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed2:bab2  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:d2:ba:b2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 6523  bytes 566026 (552.7 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 2876  bytes 477459 (466.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@localhost ~]#

在主机的/etc/hosts下面有解析的话，显示主机的IP

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts   //查看文件内容
127.0.0.1  localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
[root@localhost ~]# hostname -i   //显示解析的ip
::1 127.0.0.1 
[root@localhost ~]#

查看本机路由表

route  /  route -n  /  ip route  /  ip  route show   / netstat -r

[root@localhost ~]# route -n  //其他命令显示结果相似，此处不在演示
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.177.2   0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 ens33
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1002   0        0 ens33
192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0
192.168.177.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 ens33
[root@localhost ~]#

测试网络连接

测试本机TCP/IP协议是否正常

[root@localhost ~]# ping 127.0.0.1  //ping本地环回口IP，有回包则正常
PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms
^C
--- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.034/0.053/0.063/0.014 ms
[root@localhost ~]#

测试到网关的是否正常

[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.177.2
PING 192.168.177.2 (192.168.177.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.177.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.191 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.177.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.290 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.177.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=0.274 ms
^C
--- 192.168.177.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.191/0.251/0.290/0.047 ms
[root@localhost ~]#

测试DNS是否正常

[root@localhost ~]# ping 114.114.114.114
PING 114.114.114.114 (114.114.114.114) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=4.94 ms
64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=4.39 ms
64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=4.68 ms
^C
--- 114.114.114.114 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 4.390/4.674/4.947/0.234 ms
[root@localhost ~]#

测试www.baidu.com

[root@localhost ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (180.101.49.12) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 180.101.49.12 (180.101.49.12): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=4.89 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.49.12 (180.101.49.12): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=4.89 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.49.12 (180.101.49.12): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=6.03 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 4.895/5.276/6.038/0.541 ms
[root@localhost ~]#

ping命令的使用

ping [-dfnqrRv][-c<完成次数>][-i<间隔秒数>][-I<网络界面>][-l<前置载入>][-p<范本样式>][-s<数据包大小>][-t<存活数值>][主机名称或IP地址]

-d 使用Socket的SO_DEBUG功能。
-c <完成次数> 设置完成要求回应的次数。
-f 极限检测。
-i<间隔秒数> 指定收发信息的间隔时间。
-I<网络界面> 使用指定的网络接口送出数据包。
-l<前置载入> 设置在送出要求信息之前，先行发出的数据包。
-n 只输出数值。
-p<范本样式> 设置填满数据包的范本样式。
-q 不显示指令执行过程，开头和结尾的相关信息除外。
-r 忽略普通的Routing Table，直接将数据包送到远端主机上。
-R 记录路由过程。
-s<数据包大小> 设置数据包的大小。
-t<存活数值> 设置存活数值TTL的大小。
-v 详细显示指令的执行过程。
-w <deadline> 在 deadline 秒后退出。
-W <timeout> 在等待 timeout 秒后开始执行。

路由跟踪

[root@localhost ~]# traceroute www.baidu.com  //由于被防火墙限制，所以看不到中间经过哪些路由器
traceroute to www.baidu.com (180.101.49.11), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  gateway (192.168.177.2)  0.099 ms  0.110 ms  0.073 ms
 2  * * *
 3  * * *
 4  * * *
    。。。
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *
[root@localhost ~]#

使用网络配置命令

停用网络接口

ifdown ens33  / ifconfig ens33 down

[root@localhost ~]# ifdown ens33   //停用网卡之后，导致此网卡不可用，ssh断开

Socket error Event: 32 Error: 10053.
Connection closing...Socket close.

Connection closed by foreign host.

Disconnected from remote host(centos1) at 15:01:26.

Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
[C:\~]$

启用网络接口

ifup  ens33 / ifconfig ens33 up

[root@localhost ~]# ifup ens33   //启用接口
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.177.3  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.177.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed2:bab2  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:d2:ba:b2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 8843  bytes 767144 (749.1 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 4078  bytes 618367 (603.8 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[C:\~]$ ssh 192.168.177.3  //新开一个窗口，尝试以ens33地址ssh，成功


Connecting to 192.168.177.3:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.

Last login: Wed May 19 15:00:23 2021 from 192.168.213.1
[root@localhost ~]#

测试环境需要临时修改密码

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33 192.168.177.10/24  //临时修改密码，ssh断开

Socket error Event: 32 Error: 10053.
Connection closing...Socket close.

Connection closed by foreign host.

Disconnected from remote host(192.168.177.3:22) at 16:14:57.

Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
[C:\~]$

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33   //重连，查看网卡信息
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.177.10  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.177.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed2:bab2  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:d2:ba:b2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 9268  bytes 807847 (788.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 4291  bytes 650158 (634.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@localhost ~]#

测试环静，需要多个ip，可临时创建虚拟网卡

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:0 192.168.177.4/24  //临时创建，重启失效，多块网卡则依次从0开始向上加
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:0
ens33:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.177.4  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.177.255
        ether 00:0c:29:d2:ba:b2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

[root@localhost ~]#

修改网络配置文件

网卡配置文件在 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ 下

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens33  ifdown-ib    ifdown-routes    ifup-aliases  ifup-isdn    ifup-sit          network-functions
ifcfg-ens37  ifdown-ippp  ifdown-sit       ifup-bnep     ifup-plip    ifup-Team         network-functions-ipv6
ifcfg-lo     ifdown-ipv6  ifdown-Team      ifup-eth      ifup-plusb   ifup-TeamPort
ifdown       ifdown-isdn  ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-ib       ifup-post    ifup-tunnel
ifdown-bnep  ifdown-post  ifdown-tunnel    ifup-ippp     ifup-ppp     ifup-wireless
ifdown-eth   ifdown-ppp   ifup             ifup-ipv6     ifup-routes  init.ipv6-global
[root@localhost network-scripts]#

修改ens33配置文件

[root@localhost network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-ens33

TYPE=Ethernet              //网卡类型:为以太网
PROXY_ METHOD=none         //代理方式:关闭状态
BROWSER_ ONLY=no           //只是浏览器:否
BOOTPROTO=dhcp             //网卡协议DHCP动态主机配置协议
DEFROUTE=yes               //默认路由:是
IPV4_ FAILURE_ FATAL=no    //否开启IPV4致命错误检测:否
PV6INIT=yes      //IPV6是否自动初始化:是
IPV6_ AUTOCONF="yes"       //IPV6是否自动配置:是
IPV6_ ADDR _GEN _MODE=stable- privacy     // IPV6地址生成模型
stable-privacy是一种生成IPV6的策略
NAME=ens33                 //网卡名字(与DEVICE- 致)
UUID=6ac17c2b-473e- -4894-811b-4940ee7bf455     //唯一标识码
DEVICE=ens33               //网卡设备
ONBOOT=yes                 //开机是否激活网卡
IPADDR=192.168.177.3       //ip地址(static设置 )
NETMASK=255.255.255.0      //子网掩码
GATEWAY= 192.168.177.2     //网关
DNS1=114.114.114.1 14      //dns地址解析（即使只有一个也要写DNS1）

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Linux网络设置

Linux网络设置查看网络配置测试网络连接使用网络配置命令查看网络配置查看所有活动的网络接口信息[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig //执行ifconfig命令ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 //centos7默认主网卡 inet 192.168.177.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.177.255
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