SpringMVC的拦截器以及登录功能的实现

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已于 2022-04-22 22:23:17 修改

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文章标签： java spring intellij-idea mvc

于 2022-04-22 22:16:04 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51872548/article/details/124355317

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在SpringMVC中的拦截器和Servlet过滤器Filter有些相似，可以对处理器进行预处理和后处理。

我们可以自定义自己的拦截器，我们可以继承实现了HandlerInterceptor接口的类。

在HandlerInterceptor中有三个方法：

public interface HandlerInterceptor {
    default boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        return true;
    }

    default void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, @Nullable ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
    }

    default void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, @Nullable Exception ex) throws Exception {
    }
}

首先，preHandle()方法会在业务处理器处理请求之前被调用，返回值是boolean类型。当返回值为false时，表示请求结束，后续的HandlerInterceptor以及Controller的方法都不会执行；当返回值为true时，preHandle()放行，会一次执行后续的HandlerInterceptor以及Controller的方法；

其次，postHandle()方法会在请求方法执行之后被调用，也就是Controller方法执行之后被调用。postHandle()会在DispatcherServlet 进行视图返回渲染之前被调用；

然后，afterCompletion()方法在整个请求结束后才执行，用于资源的清理。

在springmvc.xml文件中配置拦截器：

<!--拦截器配置-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/><!--要拦截的路径-->
            <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/admin/**"/><!--放行的路径，表示不拦截 表示放行admin下所有的请求-->
            <bean class="com.yhx.config.MyInterceptor"/><!--注册拦截器的bean-->
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

写一个TestController测试:

package com.yhx.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class TestController {

    @GetMapping("/t1")
    public String test() {
        System.out.println("TestController==>test()执行了");
        return "OK";
    }
}

我们可以用拦截器帮助我们实现一个用户登录的功能，如果不使用拦截器直接写登录的话，就可以不填密码就可以进行登录了。通过直接在url上输入对应请求就可以跳过登录，这样就与我们的设计不符合了，设置登录就是为了身份验证，这样就没有达到我们的需求。

新建一个maven项目，命名为Login:

pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>SpringMVC</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.yhx</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>Login</artifactId>

    <!--依赖-->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>


</project>

web.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>


    <filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

applicationContext.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 自动扫描指定的包，下面所有注解类交给IOC容器管理 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.yhx.controller"/>
    <!--静态资源过滤-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!--JSON乱码问题配置-->

    <mvc:annotation-driven>
        <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
                <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
            </bean>
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
                <property name="objectMapper">
                    <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
                        <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </mvc:message-converters>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>

    <!-- 视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
          id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
        <!-- 后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>

    <!--拦截器配置-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <mvc:exclude-mapping path="goLogin"/>
            <mvc:exclude-mapping path="login"/>
            <bean class="com.yhx.interceptor.LoginInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

</beans>

编写一个登录页:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>

<script>
    function s() {
        var username = document.getElementById("username");
        var password = document.getElementById("password");
        if (username.value==='') {
            alert("用户名不能为空");
            return false;
        } else if (password.value==='') {
            alert("密码不能为空");
            return false;
        } else return true;
    }
</script>

<body>

<span style="color: red;">${msg}</span>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="post" onsubmit="return s()">
    用户名：<input type="text" name="username" id="username" /><br/>
    密码：<input type="password" name="password" id="password" /><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>

</body>
</html>

编写一个首页main.jsp:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/goOut">注销</a>
</body>
</html>

写一个登录的控制器LoginController.java:

package com.yhx.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

@Controller
public class LoginController {

    @RequestMapping("/main")
    public String main() {
        return "main";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/goLogin")
    public String login() {
        return "login";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String login(HttpSession session, String username, String password , Model model) {
        if (username.equals("admin")&&password.equals("123456")) {
            session.setAttribute("user",username);
            session.setAttribute("username",username);
            session.setAttribute("password",password);
            model.addAttribute("msg","登录成功");
            return "main";
        } else {
            model.addAttribute("msg","登录失败");
            return "login";
        }



    }

    @RequestMapping("/goOut")
    public String goOUt(HttpSession session) {
        session.invalidate();
        return "login";
    }

}

拦截器LoginInterceptor.java:

package com.yhx.interceptor;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();

        if (request.getRequestURI().contains("goLogin")) {
            return true;
        }

        if (request.getRequestURI().contains("login")) {
            return true;
        }

        if (session.getAttribute("user")!=null) {
            return true;
        } else {
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
            return false;
        }


    }
}

服务器的欢迎首页index.jsp直接到goLogin请求:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <jsp:forward page="/goLogin"></jsp:forward>
  </body>
</html>

项目的目录结构如下：

直接输入main并不会跳转：

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SpringMVC的拦截器以及登录功能的实现

在SpringMVC中的拦截器和Servlet过滤器Filter有些相似，可以对处理器进行预处理和后处理。我们可以自定义自己的拦截器，我们可以继承实现了HandlerInterceptor接口的类。在HandlerInterceptor中有三个方法：public interface HandlerInterceptor { default boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response
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