subprocess获取Linux主机信息

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Dean.song

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-18 20:12:01 发布

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分类专栏：运维 Python 文章标签： linux 运维服务器 python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51882166/article/details/129885913

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该文展示了如何利用Python的subprocess模块在Linux环境中执行命令，获取系统信息，包括主机名、内核版本、操作系统、CPU和内存等详细数据。通过dmidecode和uname等命令，可以收集到如制造商、产品名、序列号等硬件信息，并将数据整理成字典结构方便进一步处理。

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subprocess获取Linux主机信息

基本使用

它可以直接执行主机命令，在linux中使用ipython演示：

In [1]: import subprocess

In [2]: ret=subprocess.getoutput("ls /tmp")
#每一行都有换行符 显示都是文件夹名字
In [3]: ret
Out[3]: 'anaconda.log\nhsperfdata_root\nifcfg.log\nks-script-L6Zwly\nmozilla_root0\npackaging.log\nprogram.log\npyright-8362-6yKjdjW1Yfl3\npyright-8362-y829sh27zzav\npython-languageserver-cancellation\nsensitive-info.log\nssh-0GlZyEhYeuwL\nssh-mbNtzLwILFdW\nssh-rsRPXzqgEr2L\nssh-zySu9xXGdKd2\nstorage.log\nsystemd-private-21ba8a7f9ce24ad1a63e72fddc8711a7-bolt.service-AHv7YV\nsystemd-private-21ba8a7f9ce24ad1a63e72fddc8711a7-chronyd.service-0ScuoV\nsystemd-private-21ba8a7f9ce24ad1a63e72fddc8711a7-colord.service-cXKNYe\nsystemd-private-21ba8a7f9ce24ad1a63e72fddc8711a7-cups.service-iiyiVv\nsystemd-private-21ba8a7f9ce24ad1a63e72fddc8711a7-fwupd.service-snTpJR\nsystemd-private-21ba8a7f9ce24ad1a63e72fddc8711a7-rtkit-daemon.service-nB4rOV\nsystemd-private-3be6c1d224834a2a912310dc313a0e0a-bolt.service-EJll1C\nsystemd-private-3be6c1d224834a2a912310dc313a0e0a-chronyd.service-KI6DF2\nsystemd-private-3be6c1d224834a2a912310dc313a0e0a-colord.service-MDJesN\nsystemd-private-3be6c1d224834a2a912310dc313a0e0a-cups.service-kfJJ5z\nsystemd-private-3be6c1d224834a2a912310dc313a0e0a-fprintd.service-3AUrLA\nsystemd-private-3be6c1d224834a2a912310dc313a0e0a-fwupd.service-773Kod\nsystemd-private-3be6c1d224834a2a912310dc313a0e0a-rtkit-daemon.service-93vJSI\nsystemd-private-3be6c1d224834a2a912310dc313a0e0a-systemd-hostnamed.service-wyc5S8\nsystemd-private-60daec5e209e485ea3cef94cab77c77e-bolt.service-eynD1y\nsystemd-private-60daec5e209e485ea3cef94cab77c77e-chronyd.service-L17iWX\nsystemd-private-60daec5e209e485ea3cef94cab77c77e-colord.service-OBBpLd\nsystemd-private-60daec5e209e485ea3cef94cab77c77e-cups.service-v5ULMZ\nsystemd-private-60daec5e209e485ea3cef94cab77c77e-fwupd.service-T6c7js\nsystemd-private-60daec5e209e485ea3cef94cab77c77e-rtkit-daemon.service-GD0Euh\nsystemd-private-60daec5e209e485ea3cef94cab77c77e-systemd-hostnamed.service-C4mduf\nsystemd-private-fb3516e637f8482886b03ab7118e1636-bolt.service-jm0drc\nsystemd-private-fb3516e637f8482886b03ab7118e1636-chronyd.service-8RXScs\nsystemd-private-fb3516e637f8482886b03ab7118e1636-colord.service-dM5sib\nsystemd-private-fb3516e637f8482886b03ab7118e1636-cups.service-4Qg0Sv\nsystemd-private-fb3516e637f8482886b03ab7118e1636-fwupd.service-Dc1vrQ\nsystemd-private-fb3516e637f8482886b03ab7118e1636-rtkit-daemon.service-nddfhJ\ntmpaddon\ntracker-extract-files.0\ntracker-extract-files.1000\nvmware-root_704-2990744159\nvmware-root_709-4248287236\nvmware-root_711-4256610694\nvmware-root_717-4281712138\nvmware-root_721-4290559889\nvmware-root_735-4257003928\nvmware-root_738-2999591909\nvmware-root_739-4248680507\nvmware-root_744-2957583465\nvmware-root_748-2966037996\nvscode-typescript0\nyum.log\nyum_save_tx.2023-03-30.20-11.JjtP5G.yumtx\nyum_save_tx.2023-03-30.20-16.zfcoTW.yumtx\nyum_save_tx.2023-03-30.20-21.CJWcAV.yumtx\nyum_save_tx.2023-03-30.20-23.NRmhWB.yumtx'

使用split处理数据

In [4]: ret.split('\n')
Out[4]: 
['anaconda.log',
 'hsperfdata_root',
 'ifcfg.log',
 'ks-script-L6Zwly',
 'mozilla_root0',
 'packaging.log',
 'program.log',
 'pyright-8362-6yKjdjW1Yfl3',
 'pyright-8362-y829sh27zzav',
 'python-languageserver-cancellation',
 'sensitive-info.log',
 'ssh-0GlZyEhYeuwL',
 'ssh-mbNtzLwILFdW',
 'ssh-rsRPXzqgEr2L',
 'ssh-zySu9xXGdKd2',
 'storage.log',
 'systemd-private-21ba8a7f9ce24ad1a63e72fddc8711a7-bolt.service-AHv7YV',
 'systemd-private-21ba8a7f9ce24ad1a63e72fddc8711a7-chronyd.service-0ScuoV',
 'systemd-private-21ba8a7f9ce24ad1a63e72fddc8711a7-colord.service-cXKNYe',
 'systemd-private-21ba8a7f9ce24ad1a63e72fddc8711a7-cups.service-iiyiVv',
 'systemd-private-21ba8a7f9ce24ad1a63e72fddc8711a7-fwupd.service-snTpJR',
 'systemd-private-21ba8a7f9ce24ad1a63e72fddc8711a7-rtkit-daemon.service-nB4rOV',
 'systemd-private-3be6c1d224834a2a912310dc313a0e0a-bolt.service-EJll1C',
 'systemd-private-3be6c1d224834a2a912310dc313a0e0a-chronyd.service-KI6DF2',
 'systemd-private-3be6c1d224834a2a912310dc313a0e0a-colord.service-MDJesN',
 'systemd-private-3be6c1d224834a2a912310dc313a0e0a-cups.service-kfJJ5z',
 'systemd-private-3be6c1d224834a2a912310dc313a0e0a-fprintd.service-3AUrLA',
 'systemd-private-3be6c1d224834a2a912310dc313a0e0a-fwupd.service-773Kod',
 'systemd-private-3be6c1d224834a2a912310dc313a0e0a-rtkit-daemon.service-93vJSI',
 'systemd-private-3be6c1d224834a2a912310dc313a0e0a-systemd-hostnamed.service-wyc5S8',
 'systemd-private-60daec5e209e485ea3cef94cab77c77e-bolt.service-eynD1y',
 'systemd-private-60daec5e209e485ea3cef94cab77c77e-chronyd.service-L17iWX',
 'systemd-private-60daec5e209e485ea3cef94cab77c77e-colord.service-OBBpLd',
 'systemd-private-60daec5e209e485ea3cef94cab77c77e-cups.service-v5ULMZ',
 'systemd-private-60daec5e209e485ea3cef94cab77c77e-fwupd.service-T6c7js',
 'systemd-private-60daec5e209e485ea3cef94cab77c77e-rtkit-daemon.service-GD0Euh',
 'systemd-private-60daec5e209e485ea3cef94cab77c77e-systemd-hostnamed.service-C4mduf',
 'systemd-private-fb3516e637f8482886b03ab7118e1636-bolt.service-jm0drc',
 'systemd-private-fb3516e637f8482886b03ab7118e1636-chronyd.service-8RXScs',
 'systemd-private-fb3516e637f8482886b03ab7118e1636-colord.service-dM5sib',
 'systemd-private-fb3516e637f8482886b03ab7118e1636-cups.service-4Qg0Sv',
 'systemd-private-fb3516e637f8482886b03ab7118e1636-fwupd.service-Dc1vrQ',
 'systemd-private-fb3516e637f8482886b03ab7118e1636-rtkit-daemon.service-nddfhJ',
 'tmpaddon',
 'tracker-extract-files.0',
 'tracker-extract-files.1000',
 'vmware-root_704-2990744159',
 'vmware-root_709-4248287236',
 'vmware-root_711-4256610694',
 'vmware-root_717-4281712138',
 'vmware-root_721-4290559889',
 'vmware-root_735-4257003928',
 'vmware-root_738-2999591909',
 'vmware-root_739-4248680507',
 'vmware-root_744-2957583465',
 'vmware-root_748-2966037996',
 'vscode-typescript0',
 'yum.log',
 'yum_save_tx.2023-03-30.20-11.JjtP5G.yumtx',
 'yum_save_tx.2023-03-30.20-16.zfcoTW.yumtx',
 'yum_save_tx.2023-03-30.20-21.CJWcAV.yumtx',
 'yum_save_tx.2023-03-30.20-23.NRmhWB.yumtx']

获取服务器信息

In [1]: import subprocess
#命令
In [2]: prod_info='dmidecode -q -t 1 2>/dev/null'

In [3]: ret=subprocess.getoutput(prod_info).splitlines()

In [4]: ret
Out[4]: 
['System Information',
 '\tManufacturer: VMware, Inc.',
 '\tProduct Name: VMware Virtual Platform',
 '\tVersion: None',
 '\tSerial Number: VMware-56 4d 3f ba 57 f1 59 24-90 27 9e b9 0e 58 1c b7',
 '\tUUID: ba3f4d56-f157-2459-9027-9eb90e581cb7',
 '\tWake-up Type: Power Switch',
 '\tSKU Number: Not Specified',
 '\tFamily: Not Specified']

循环打印，便于处理：

In [5]: for line in ret:
   ...:     print(line)
   ...: 
System Information
    Manufacturer: VMware, Inc.
    Product Name: VMware Virtual Platform
    Version: None
    Serial Number: VMware-56 4d 3f ba 57 f1 59 24-90 27 9e b9 0e 58 1c b7
    UUID: ba3f4d56-f157-2459-9027-9eb90e581cb7
    Wake-up Type: Power Switch
    SKU Number: Not Specified
    Family: Not Specified

获取主板信息

一般获取了服务器信息，需要对其进行处理，获取我们需要的信息，变成字典，便于我们再次获取。

In [12]: for s in ret:
    ...:     s=s.strip()
    ...:     if 'Manufacturer' in s:
    ...:         k,v=s.split(':')
    ...:         prod_dic[k.lower()]=v
    ...:     elif 'Product Name' in s:
    ...:         k,v=s.split(':')
    ...:         prod_dic[k.lower()]=v
    ...:     elif 'Serial Number'in s:
    ...:         k,v=s.split(':')
    ...:         prod_dic[k.lower()]=v
    ...: 
    ...: 

In [13]: print(prod_dic)
{'manufacturer': ' VMware, Inc.', 'product name': ' VMware Virtual Platform', 'serial number': ' VMware-56 4d 3f ba 57 f1 59 24-90 27 9e b9 0e 58 1c b7'}

获取基本信息

获取信息主要是主机名，内核，操作系统，CPU。

import subprocess as sp

#主机名
cmd_machine_name='uname -n'
hostName=sp.getoutput(cmd_machine_name)

#内核
cmd_kernel='uname -r' 
kernel=sp.getoutput(cmd_kernel)

#操作系统
cmd_os_version=' cat /etc/redhat-release'
os=sp.getoutput(cmd_os_version)


baseInfo={
    'hostName':hostName,
    'kernel':kernel,
    'os':os.strip()



}
print(baseInfo)

控制台输出信息：

{'hostName': 'localhost.localdomain', 'kernel': '3.10.0-1160.71.1.el7.x86_64', 'os': 'CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)'}

将主板信息和基本信息合并，打印：

import subprocess as sp
#主板信息

prodInfo={'manufacturer': ' VMware, Inc.', 'product name': ' VMware Virtual Platform', 'serial number': ' VMware-56 4d 3f ba 57 f1 59 24-90 27 9e b9 0e 58 1c b7'}



#主机名
cmd_machine_name='uname -n'
hostName=sp.getoutput(cmd_machine_name)

#内核
cmd_kernel='uname -r' 
kernel=sp.getoutput(cmd_kernel)

#操作系统
cmd_os_version=' cat /etc/redhat-release'
os=sp.getoutput(cmd_os_version)


baseInfo={
    'hostName':hostName,
    'kernel':kernel,
    'os':os.strip()

}
baseInfo.update(prodInfo)
print(baseInfo)

控制台输出：

{'hostName': 'localhost.localdomain', 'kernel': '3.10.0-1160.71.1.el7.x86_64', 'os': 'CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)', 'manufacturer': ' VMware, Inc.', 'product name': ' VMware Virtual Platform', 'serial number': ' VMware-56 4d 3f ba 57 f1 59 24-90 27 9e b9 0e 58 1c b7'}

获取CPU信息

import subprocess as sp
#cpu type
cpu_type="grep 'model name' /proc/cpuinfo | uniq"

cmd_cpu_pyc="grep 'physical id' /proc/cpuinfo | sort -u | wc -l"

cmd_cpu_cores_each="grep 'cpu cores' /proc/cpuinfo |uniq"

cpuType=sp.getoutput(cpu_type).strip() .split(': ')[1]
cpuPyc=sp.getoutput(cmd_cpu_pyc)
cpuCores=sp.getoutput(cmd_cpu_cores_each).split(': ')[1]
cpuInfo={
    'cpuType':cpuType,
    'cpuPyc':int(cpuPyc),
    'cpuCoresEach':int(cpuCores)

}
print(cpuInfo)

控制台输出：

{'cpuType': 'Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6300U CPU @ 2.40GHz', 'cpuPyc': 1, 'cpuCoresEach': 1}

获取内存信息

优化代码：

定义一个tools.py文件：

import subprocess
#获取主机执行命令后的数据
def exec_cmd(cmd):
    return subprocess.getoutput(cmd)

首先来编写查看内存信息的cmd命令：

[root@localhost ~]#  dmidecode -q -t 17 2>/dev/null


#由于太长这里截取一部分内容，剩下的内容大致相同，只有参数不同


Memory Device
    Total Width: 32 bits
    Data Width: 32 bits
    Size: 1024 MB
    Form Factor: DIMM
    Set: None
    Locator: RAM slot #0
    Bank Locator: RAM slot #0
    Type: DRAM
    Type Detail: EDO
    Speed: Unknown
    Manufacturer: Not Specified
    Serial Number: Not Specified
    Asset Tag: Not Specified
    Part Number: Not Specified
    Rank: Unknown
    Configured Memory Speed: Unknown

Memory Device
    Total Width: Unknown
    Data Width: Unknown
    Size: No Module Installed
    Form Factor: DIMM
    Set: None
    Locator: RAM slot #1
    Bank Locator: RAM slot #1
    Type: DRAM
    Type Detail: Unknown

这里每个内存信息都是Memory Device开头，可以使用split把每个信息都分开，然后逐个存入。

from tools import exec_cmd
import os
'''
判断文件是否为空
'''
def file_is_empty(file):
    return os.stat(file).st_size==0
#获取内存信息cmd命令
cmd='dmidecode -q -t 17'
#存储内存信息文件名
fileName='/root/python_code/mem.txt'
fileContent=exec_cmd(cmd)
#写入文件里
with open(fileName,'w')  as f:
    if(file_is_empty):
        f.write(fileContent)
 #需要将内存块信息存入列表,分割
 #读取文件
with open(fileName,'r')  as f:
    if(file_is_empty):
        memStr=f.read()

memLs=memStr.split('Memory Device')[1:]


memInfo_ls=[]
for mem in memLs:
    single_slot={}
    for line in mem.splitlines():
        line=line.strip()
        if(len(line.split(":"))==2):
         k,v=line.split(":")
         single_slot[k]=v
    break
memInfo_ls.append(single_slot)    
print(memInfo_ls)

由于输出信息过大，这里只存储一组信息就停止，查看控制台输出：

[{'Total Width': ' 32 bits', 'Data Width': ' 32 bits', 'Size': ' 1024 MB', 'Form Factor': ' DIMM', 'Set': ' None', 'Locator': ' RAM slot #0', 'Bank Locator': ' RAM slot #0', 'Type': ' DRAM', 'Type Detail': ' EDO', 'Speed': ' Unknown', 'Manufacturer': ' Not Specified', 'Serial Number': ' Not Specified', 'Asset Tag': ' Not Specified', 'Part Number': ' Not Specified', 'Rank': ' Unknown', 'Configured Memory Speed': ' Unknown'}]