网络编程
1.1 概述
地球村:人类联系因互联网而更加密切
计算机网络:计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
1.2 网络通信的要素
如何实现网络通信?
通信双方的地址:
- IP
- 端口号
- 192.168.16,124:5900
规则:网络通讯协议
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小结:
- 网络编程中有两个主要问题:
- 如何定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机后如何通讯
- 网络编程中的要素:
- IP 和端口号
- 网络通信协议 udp ,tcp
- 万物皆对象
1.3 IP
ip地址:InterAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
-
127.0.0.1 : 本机localhost
-
ip地址分类
-
IP地址分类 ipv4 / ipv6
- IPV4 127.0.0.1 ,4个字节组成 , 0-255 ,2011年已经用尽
- IPV6 :128位,8个无符号整数
2001: 0bb2: aaaa: 0015: 0000: 0000: 1aaa: 1312
-
公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.xx,专给组织内部使用的
-
package com.Inter;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TestInterAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
InetAddress interAdress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(interAdress1);
InetAddress interAdress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(interAdress2);
InetAddress interAdress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(interAdress3);
//查询网站ip地址
InetAddress interAdress4 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(interAdress4);
//常用的方法
//System.out.println(interAdress2.getAddress());
System.out.println(interAdress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
System.out.println(interAdress2.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(interAdress2.getHostName());//域名或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.4 端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
- 不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
- 被规定在 0–65535
- TCP,UDP: 65535*2 tcp: 80 , udp : 80 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
- 端口分类
- 公有端口 0~1023
- HTTP : 80
- HTTPS : 4433
- FTP : 21
- Telent : 23
- 程序注册端口: 1024~49151,分配用户或者程序
- Tomcat :8080
- MySQL : 3306
- Oracle : 1521
- 动态、私有:49152~65535
- 公有端口 0~1023
1.5 通讯协议
**网络通讯协议:**速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…
**问题:**非常的复杂?
大事化小,分层!
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据协议
出名的协议:
- TCP:
- IP:网络互连协议
TCP & UDP 对比
-
TCP(类比:打电话)
-
连接,稳定
-
“三次握手,四次挥手”
/*最少需要三次,保证稳定连接 A:你愁啥? B:瞅你咋地? A:干一架? 四次挥手 A:我要走了! B:你真的要走了吗? B:你真的真的要走了吗? A:我真的要走了
-
客户端,服务端
-
传输完成,释放连接,效率低
-
-
UDP (类比:发送消息)
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发送信息
- 类似于发射导弹,无需提前通知
- DDOS:洪水攻击(饱和攻击)
1.6 TCP
客户端
- 连接服务器 Socket
- 发送消息
服务器
- 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户连接 accept
- 接收用户信号
接收信号
客户端
package com.Inter.lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemon01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道到服务器地址,端口号
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2.创建一个socket接口
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
//3.发送信息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,JAVA".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务端
package com.Inter.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemon01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true) { //一直等待连接
//2.等待客户端连进来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端信息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//关闭资源 脱袜子顺序,从内往外
if(baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
文件上传
客户端
package com.Inter.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemon02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("1.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[2014];
int len;
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务武器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput(); //传输完毕
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能够断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[2014];
int len2;
while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
服务端
package com.Inter.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemon02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1/创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("ook.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[2014];
int len;
while ((len=is.read())!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我已接收完毕
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我已接收完毕,可以断开了".getBytes());
//关闭资源
os.close();
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat服务器 S :Java后台开发
客户端
- 自定义 C
- 浏览器 B
1.7、UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方地址!
发送端
package study.lesson1;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建立个包
String msg = "你好呀,服务器";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
// 数据,数据的长度起始,要发送的对象
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package study.lesson1;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//还是要等待客户端的链接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞接受
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
- 在线咨询:两个人都可以是发送方,也都可以是接受方(多线程实现)
TalkSend
package study.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
socket.close();
}
}
}
TalkReceive
package study.chat;
import com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.operations.String;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0,data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
TalkStudent
package study.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师").start();
}
}
TalkTeacher
package study.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
1.8、URL
https://www.baidu.com/
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上某一资源的
DNS域名解析 www.baidu.com
协议://ip地址: 端口/项目名/资源
package study.lesson2;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=kuangshen&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); //协议
System.out.println(url.getHost()); //主机IP
System.out.println(url.getPort()); //端口
System.out.println(url.getPath()); //文件
System.out.println(url.getFile()); //全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery()); //参数
}
}
- 下载资源
package study.lesson2;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("http://caiwu.jiangnan.edu.cn/dfiles/22030/images/logo.png");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("123.png");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect(); //断开连接
}
}