文章目录
组合数的公式
A n m = n × ( n − 1 ) × . . . × ( n − m + 1 ) = n ! ( n − m ) ! A^{m}_{n} = n \times (n - 1) \times ...\times (n - m + 1) = \frac{n!}{(n-m)!} Anm=n×(n−1)×...×(n−m+1)=(n−m)!n!
C n m = n × ( n − 1 ) × . . . × ( n − m + 1 ) m ! = n ! ( n − m ) ! m ! = n ! m ! × ( n − m ) ! C^{m}_{n} = \frac{n \times (n - 1) \times ... \times (n - m + 1) }{m!} = \frac{\frac{n!}{(n - m)!}}{m!} = \frac{n!}{m! \times (n-m)!} Cnm=m!n×(n−1)×...×(n−m+1)=m!(n−m)!n!=m!×(n−m)!n!
C n n − m = n × ( n − 1 ) × . . . × ( n − ( n − m ) + 1 ) ( n − m ) ! = n ! ( n − ( n − m ) ) ! ( n − m ) ! = n ! m ! ( n − m ) ! = n ! m ! × ( n − m ) ! C^{n - m}_{n} = \frac{n \times (n - 1) \times ... \times (n - (n - m) + 1) }{(n - m)!} = \frac{\frac{n!}{(n - (n - m))!}}{(n - m)!} = \frac{\frac{n!}{m!}}{(n - m)!} = \frac{n!}{m! \times (n-m)!} Cnn−m=(n−m)!n×(n−1)×...×(n−(n−m)+1)=(n−m)!(n−(n−m))!n!=(n−m)!m!n!=m!×(n−m)!n!
A m m = m × ( m − 1 ) × . . . × 1 = m ! A^{m}_{m} = m \times (m - 1) \times ... \times 1 = m! Amm=m×(m−1)×...×1=m!
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\because \frac{n!}{m! \times (n-m)!} \times m! = \frac{n!}{(n-m)!}
∵m!×(n−m)!n!×m!=(n−m)!n!
∴
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\therefore C^{m}_{n} \times A^{m}_{m} = A^{m}_{n}
∴Cnm×Amm=Anm
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又 \because C^{n-m}_{n} = C^{m}_{n}
又∵Cnn−m=Cnm
∴
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\therefore C^{m}_{n} \times A^{m}_{m} = C^{n-m}_{n} \times A^{m}_{m} = A^{m}_{n}
∴Cnm×Amm=Cnn−m×Amm=Anm
∴
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\therefore A^{m}_{n} = C^{m}_{n} \times A^{m}_{m} = C^{n-m}_{n} \times A^{m}_{m}
∴Anm=Cnm×Amm=Cnn−m×Amm