ModelViewSet和ModelSerializer的使用

ModelViewSet和ModelSerializer的使用

ModelSerializer

########demp3app/serializers.py#########

from rest_framework import serializers
from demoapp import models as dm1model

class UserSer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        #指定模型类
        model = dm1model.User   
        #指定序列化字段
        fields = "__all__"   #所有字段
        #fields = ("username","home")   #其中某几个字段
        #序列化深度，是否序列化外键
        depth = 1
        #只序列化字段
				read_only_fields = ('id', 'bread', 'bcomment')
        #额外参数，修改字段设置
        #extra_kwargs = {
        #   'age': {'min_value': 0, 'required': True},
        #   'hight': {'min_value': 0, 'required': True},
        #}

Urls.py

#########demp3app/urls.py##############

from django.urls import path,include,re_path
from demo3app.views import *
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
router = DefaultRouter()
router.register("user",UserModelView)



urlpatterns = [
    path("",include(router.urls)),
    # path("index1/",Index1.as_view()),

]

Views.py

#########demp3app/views.py##############

from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from demoapp import models as dm1model
from demo3app import serializers as dm3ser
# Create your views here.

class UserModelView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = dm1model.User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = dm3ser.UserSer

ModelViewSet的过滤，排序和分页

过滤

• 下载所需三方包

pip install django-filter

• 配置文件

########settings.py#########

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'django_filters',  # 需要注册应用，
]

#全局配置过滤器
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': ('django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend',)
}

• 使用

#########demp3app/views.py##############


from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from demoapp import models as dm1model
from demo3app import serializers as dm3ser
from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend

# Create your views here.

#使用全局过滤器
class UserModelView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = dm1model.User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = dm3ser.UserSer
    filter_fields = ("username","age","home")

    
#局部使用过滤器
class UserModelView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = dm1model.User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = dm3ser.UserSer
    filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend]  #申明配置过滤器
    filter_fields = ("username","age","home")

• 请求时在get请求里最后加上对应的条件

http://127.0.0.1:8000/dm3/user/?home=河南&username=peter2

排序

• 配置

########settings.py#########


#全局配置过滤器
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': ('rest_framework.filters.OrderingFilter',)
}

• 使用

#########demp3app/views.py##############


from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from demoapp import models as dm1model
from demo3app import serializers as dm3ser
from rest_framework.filters import OrderingFilter
from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
# Create your views here.

#全局配置使用
class UserModelView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = dm1model.User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = dm3ser.UserSer
    ordering_fields = ("age","hight")


#局部配置使用    
class UserModelView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = dm1model.User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = dm3ser.UserSer
    filter_backends = [OrderingFilter]   #申明配置排序过滤器
    ordering_fields = ("age","hight")

    
    

• 请求时在get请求里最后加上对应的条件

http://127.0.0.1:8000/dm3/user/?ordering=hight

过滤和排序联合使用

• 设置

########settings.py#########


REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    #过滤器
    'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': ('django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend',
                                'rest_framework.filters.OrderingFilter')
}

• 使用

#########demp3app/views.py##############



from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from demoapp import models as dm1model
from demo3app import serializers as dm3ser
from rest_framework.filters import OrderingFilter
from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
# Create your views here.

class UserModelView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = dm1model.User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = dm3ser.UserSer
    #filter_backends = [OrderingFilter,DjangoFilterBackend]  #如过未设置全局配置，需要在这局部配置
    ordering_fields = ("age","hight")
    filter_fields = ("username","age","home")

• 请求时在get请求里最后加上对应的条件

http://127.0.0.1:8000/dm3/user/?ordering=hight&home="河南"

分页

全局配置

########settings.py#########


REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    
    'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS':  'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',
    'PAGE_SIZE': 3  # 每页数目

}

• 请求时在get请求里最后加上对应的条件

http://127.0.0.1:8000/dm3/user/?page=3

局部配置和使用

#########demp3app/views.py##############



from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from demoapp import models as dm1model
from demo3app import serializers as dm3ser
from rest_framework.filters import OrderingFilter
from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
# Create your views here.

class MyPage(PageNumberPagination):
    page_size_query_param = "max_page"
    page_query_param = "page"


class UserModelView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = dm1model.User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = dm3ser.UserSer
    pagination_class = MyPage

• 请求时在get请求里最后加上对应的条件

http://127.0.0.1:8000/dm3/user/?page=3&max_page=3

ModelViewSet分开指定序列化器

from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from demoapp import models as dm1model
from demo3app import serializers as dm3ser
from rest_framework.filters import OrderingFilter
from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
# Create your views here.

class MyPage(PageNumberPagination):
    page_size_query_param = "max_page"
    page_query_param = "page"


class UserModelView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = dm1model.User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = dm3ser.UserSer
    pagination_class = MyPage
    
     # 根据不同的请求, 获得不同的序列化器
    def get_serializer_class(self):
        if self.action == 'list':
            return UserSer
        else:
            return UserSimpleSer