1.关于Servlet的跳转
1.forward---RequestDispatcher接口的
forward(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response)---该方法用于将请求从一个 Servlet 传递
给另一个 Web 资源【Servlet程序/html/JSP】。【请求转发】
forward属于RequestDispatcher接口的
HttpServletRequest接口从ServletRequest接口中继承了一个获取 RequestDispatcher 对象的方法
RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher (String path).|
参数String path---目标路径【必须以“/”开头,用于表示当前 Web 应用的根目录】
需要注意的是,WEB-INF 目录中的内容对 RequestDispatcher 对象也是可见的。因此,传递给
getRequestDispatcher(String path) 方法的资源可以是 WEB-INF 目录中的文件
RequestDispatcher接口对象=HttpServletRequest接口对象.getRequestDispatcher (String path);
RequestDispatcher接口对象.forward(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response).
通过HttpServletRequest对象传递数据的。
HttpServletRequest对象的方法
1)void setAttribute(String name,Object o) 用于将一个对象与一个名称关联后存储到 ServletRequest 对象中
2)Object getAttribute(String name) 用于从 ServletRequest 对象中返回指定名称的属性对象
3)void removeAttribute(String name) 用于从 ServletRequest 对象中删除指定名称的属性
例如:
1.建立一个test1.html文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1>测试forward</h1>
</center>
</body>
</html>
2.OneServlet
package com.wangxing.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class OneServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("OneServlet------");
//forward(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response)该方法用于将请求从一个 Servlet 传
//递给另一个 Web 资源【Servlet程序/html/JSP】
/*
RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher=req.getRequestDispatcher("/test1.html");
//跳转页面。且url地址不会改变。用servlet的url可以跳转到test1.html界面
requestDispatcher.forward(req, resp);
*/
//void setAttribute(String name,Object o) 用于将一个对象与一个名称关联后存储到 ServletRequest 对象中
req.setAttribute("name","zhangsan");
//void removeAttribute(String name) 用于从 ServletRequest 对象中删除指定名称的属性
req.removeAttribute("name");
req.getRequestDispatcher("/other").forward(req, resp);
}
}
3.OtherServlet
package com.wangxing.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class OtherServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//Object getAttribute(String name) 用于从 ServletRequest 对象中返回指定名称的属性对象
String name=(String)req.getAttribute("name");
System.out.println("OtherServlet----name:"+name);
}
}
4.配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>one</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.wangxing.servlet.OneServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>one</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/one</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>other</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.wangxing.servlet.OtherServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>other</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/other</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
2.Redirect----HttpServletRespone.sendRedirect()[重定向]
HttpServletResponse 接口定义了一个 sendRedirect(String path) 方法.将请求从一个 Servlet 传递给
另一个 Web 资源【Servlet程序/html/JSP】
例如:
1.建立一个test2.html文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1>测试sendRedirect</h1>
</center>
</body>
</html>
2.OneServlet
package com.wangxing.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class OneServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("OneServlet-----------");
//resp.sendRedirect("/test2.html"); //錯誤
//sendRedirect("路径")方法传递请求时,路径不能带“/”
//resp.sendRedirect("test2.html");
//sendRedirect("路径")方法传递请求时,不能用req对象去传递数据
//因为有两个req对象。对象不同
req.setAttribute("name","zhangsan");
resp.sendRedirect("other");
}
}
3.OtherServlet
package com.wangxing.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class OtherServlet extends HttpServlet