JPEG编解码原理

JPEG编解码原理

1.实验原理

工具：c++

原理内容

1.框图

PEG是一种针对数字图像的有损压缩标准方法，由于JPEG编码算法可以在提供较大的压缩比的同时，保持较好的显示质量，所以该算法逐渐成为最为熟知和广泛使用的数字图像格式和通用标准。
JPEG编码器的系统原理框图如下

---

2.JPEG编码原理***

1.零偏置电平下移
2.8×8 DCT
3.量化
4.DC系数差分编码
5.AC系数Zig-Zag扫描与RLE
6.Huffman编码

3.JPEG解码原理

2.实验内容

特别鸣谢大佬：程序内容均来自大佬主页 https://blog.csdn.net/szzheng/article/details/106437872?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501

1.实验图像

解码流程

1. 分层结构

1.struct huffman_table：存储Huffman码表。

/* tinyjpeg-internal.h */

struct huffman_table
{
   
  /* Fast look up table, using HUFFMAN_HASH_NBITS bits we can have directly the symbol,
   * if the symbol is <0, then we need to look into the tree table */
  short int lookup[HUFFMAN_HASH_SIZE];

  /* code size: give the number of bits of a symbol is encoded */
  unsigned char code_size[HUFFMAN_HASH_SIZE];
  /* some place to store value that is not encoded in the lookup table 
   * FIXME: Calculate if 256 value is enough to store all values
   */
  uint16_t slowtable[16-HUFFMAN_HASH_NBITS][256];
};

2.struct component：储存当前8×8像块中有关解码的信息。

/* tinyjpeg-internal.h */

struct component 
{
   
  unsigned int Hfactor; // 水平采样因子
  unsigned int Vfactor; // 垂直采样因子
  float* Q_table;   // 指向该8×8块使用的量化表
  struct huffman_table *AC_table;   // 指向该块使用的AC Huffman表
  struct huffman_table *DC_table;   // 指向该块使用的DC Huffman表
  short int previous_DC;    // 前一个块的直流DCT系数
  short int DCT[64];    // DCT系数数组
    
#if SANITY_CHECK
  unsigned int cid;
#endif
};

3.struct jdec_private：JPEG数据流结构体，用于存储JPEG图像宽高、数据流指针、Huffman码表等内容，并包含struct huffman_table和struct component。

/* tinyjpeg-internal.h */

struct jdec_private
{
   
  /* Public variables */
  uint8_t *components[COMPONENTS];  /* 分别指向YUV三个分量的三个指针 */
  unsigned int width, height;	/* 图像宽高 */
  unsigned int flags;

  /* Private variables */
  const unsigned char *stream_begin, *stream_end;
  unsigned int stream_length;

  const unsigned char *stream;	/* 指向当前数据流的指针 */
  unsigned int reservoir, nbits_in_reservoir;

  struct component component_infos[COMPONENTS];
  float Q_tables[COMPONENTS][64];		/* quantization tables */
  struct huffman_table HTDC[HUFFMAN_TABLES];	/* DC huffman tables */
  struct huffman_table HTAC[HUFFMAN_TABLES];	/* AC huffman tables */
  int default_huffman_table_initialized;
  int restart_interval;
  int restarts_to_go;				/* MCUs left in this restart interval */
  int last_rst_marker_seen;			/* Rst marker is incremented each time */

  /* Temp space used after the IDCT to store each components */
  uint8_t Y[64*4], Cr[64], Cb[64];

  jmp_buf jump_state;
  /* Internal Pointer use for colorspace conversion, do not modify it !!! */
  uint8_t *plane[COMPONENTS];
};

2. 解码整体流程

/* 读取JPEG文件，进行解码，并存储结果 */
int convert_one_image(const char *infilename, const char *outfilename, int output_format)
{
   
  FILE *fp;
  unsigned int length_of_file;  // 文件大小
  unsigned int width, height;   // 图像宽、高
  unsigned char *buf;   // 缓冲区
  struct jdec_private *jdec;
  unsigned char *components[3];

  /* 将JPEG读入缓冲区 */
  fp = fopen(infilename, "rb");
  if (fp == NULL)
    exitmessage("Cannot open filename\n");
  length_of_file = filesize(fp);
  buf = (unsigned char *)malloc(length_of_file + 4);
  if (buf == NULL)
    exitmessage("Not enough memory for loading file\n");
  fread(buf, length_of_file, 1, fp);
  fclose(fp);

  /* Decompress it */
  jdec = tinyjpeg_init();   // 初始化
  if (jdec == NULL)
    exitmessage("Not enough memory to alloc the structure need for decompressing\n");

  /* 解析JPEG文件头 */
  if (tinyjpeg_parse_header(jdec, buf, length_of_file)<0)
    exitmessage(tinyjpeg_get_errorstring(jdec));

  /* 计算图像宽高 */
  tinyjpeg_get_size(jdec, &width, &height);

  snprintf(error_string, sizeof(error_string),"Decoding JPEG image...\n");
  if (tinyjpeg_decode(jdec, output_format) < 0) // 解码实际数据
    exitmessage(tinyjpeg_get_errorstring(jdec));

  /* 
   * Get address for each plane (not only max 3 planes is supported), and
   * depending of the output mode, only some components will be filled 
   * RGB: 1 plane, YUV420P: 3 planes, GREY: 1 plane
   */
  tinyjpeg_get_components(jdec, components);

  /* 按照指定的输出格式保存输出文件 */
  switch (output_format)
   {
   
    case TINYJPEG_FMT_RGB24:
    case TINYJPEG_FMT_BGR24:
      write_tga(outfilename, output_format, width, height, components);
      break;
    case TINYJPEG_FMT_YUV420P:
      write_yuv(outfilename, width, height, components);
      break;
    case TINYJPEG_FMT_GREY:
      write_pgm(outfilename, width, height, components);
      break;
   }

  /* Only called this if the buffers were allocated by tinyjpeg_decode() */
  tinyjpeg_free(jdec);
  /* else called just free(jdec); */

  free(buf);
  return 0;
}

3. 解析JPEG文件头

int tinyjpeg_parse_header(struct jdec_private *priv, const unsigned char *buf, unsigned int size)
{
   
  int ret;

  /* Identify the file */
  if ((buf[0] != 0xFF) || (buf[1]