C++ primer Plus 第四章编程题解答

1．

编写一个C++程序，如下述输出示例所示的那样请求并显示信 息： 注意，该程序应该接受的名字包含多个单词。另外，程序将向下调 整成绩，即向上调一个字母。假设用户请求A、B或C，所以不必担心D 和F之间的空档。

#include<string>

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    string Fname, Lname;
    char grade;
    int age;
    cout << "what is your first name? ";
    getline(cin,Fname);
    cout << "what is your last name? ";
    getline(cin, Lname);
    cout << "what letter grade do you deserve? ";
    grade=getchar(); cin.get();
    cout << "what is your age? ";
    cin >> age;

    cout << "Name: " << Fname << ", " << Lname << "\nGrade: " << grade - 1 << "\nAge: " << age;
    return 0;
}

2．

修改程序清单4.4，使用C++ string类而不是char数组。

#include<string>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    string name,dessert;

    cout << "Enter your name:\n";
    getline(cin, name);
    cout << "Enter your favorite dessert:\n";
    getline(cin, dessert);
    cout << "I have some delicious " << dessert;
    cout << " for you, " << name << ".\n";
    return 0;
}

3．

编写一个程序，它要求用户首先输入其名，然后输入其姓；然 后程序使用一个逗号和空格将姓和名组合起来，并存储和显示组合结 果。请使用char数组和头文件cstring中的函数。下面是该程序运行时的 情形：

#include<string>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    char Fname[10], Lname[10];

    cout << "Enter your first name: ";
    cin.getline(Fname, 10);
    cout << "Enter your last name: ";
    cin.getline(Lname, 10);
    cout << "Here's the information in a single string: " << Lname << ", " << Fname;
   
    return 0;
}

4．

编写一个程序，它要求用户首先输入其名，再输入其姓；然后 程序使用一个逗号和空格将姓和名组合起来，并存储和显示组合结果。 请使用string对象和头文件string中的函数。下面是该程序运行时的情 形：

#include<string>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    string Fname,Lname;//名，姓

    cout << "Enter your first name: ";
    getline(cin, Fname);
    cout << "Enter your last name: ";
    getline(cin, Lname);
    cout << "Here's the information in a single string: " << Lname << ", " << Fname;
   
    return 0;
}

5．

结构CandyBar包含3个成员。第一个成员存储了糖块的品牌；第 二个成员存储糖块的重量（可以有小数）；第三个成员存储了糖块的卡 路里含量（整数）。请编写一个程序，声明这个结构，创建一个名为 snack的CandyBar变量，并将其成员分别初始化为“Mocha Munch”、2.3 和350。初始化应在声明snack时进行。最后，程序显示snack变量的内 容。

#include<string>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    struct CandyBar {
        string brand;
        float weight;
        int Calories;
   };

    CandyBar snack;
    cout << "Enter Candy's Brand: ";
    getline(cin, snack.brand);
    cout << "Enter Cand's weight: ";
    cin >> snack.weight;
    cout << "Enter Candy's Calories: ";
    cin >> snack.Calories;

    cout << "Brank: " << snack.brand << "\nWeight: " << snack.weight << "\nCalories: " << snack.Calories;
   
    return 0;
}

6．

结构CandyBar包含3个成员，如编程练习5所示。请编写一个程 序，创建一个包含3个元素的CandyBar数组，并将它们初始化为所选择的值，然后显示每个结构的内容。

#include<string>

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    struct CandyBar {
        string brand;
        float weight;
        int Calories;
    };
    CandyBar snack[3] = { {"Mocha Munch",2.3,350},{"xufuji",2.1,300},{"LinShihenMang",4.3,400} };
    cout << "Candy1\n";
    cout << "Brank: " << snack[0].brand << "\nWeight: " << snack[0].weight << "\nCalories: " << snack[0].Calories;
    cout << "Candy2\n";
    cout << "Brank: " << snack[1].brand << "\nWeight: " << snack[1].weight << "\nCalories: " << snack[1].Calories;
    cout << "Candy3\n";
    cout << "Brank: " << snack[2].brand << "\nWeight: " << snack[2].weight << "\nCalories: " << snack[2].Calories;

    return 0;
}

7．

William Wingate从事比萨饼分析服务。对于每个披萨饼，他都 需要记录下列信息： 披萨饼公司的名称，可以有多个单词组成。 披萨饼的直径。 披萨饼的重量。 请设计一个能够存储这些信息的结构，并编写一个使用这种结构变 量的程序。程序将请求用户输入上述信息，然后显示这些信息。请使用 cin（或它的方法）和cout。

#include<string>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    struct Pizza {
        string Company;
        double diameter;
        double weight;
    };
    Pizza Midomna;
    cout << "please enter the name of a pizza company: ";
    getline(cin, Midomna.Company);
    cout << "please enter the diameter of the pizza pie: ";
    cin >> Midomna.diameter;
    cout << "please enter the weight of the pizza pie: ";
    cin >> Midomna.weight;

    cout << "Pizza's company: " << Midomna.Company << "\nDiameter: " << Midomna.diameter << "\nWeight: " << Midomna.weight;

    return 0;
}

8．

完成编程练习7，但使用new来为结构分配内存，而不是声明一 个结构变量。另外，让程序在请求输入比萨饼公司名称之前输入比萨饼 的直径。

#pragma warning(disable : 4996)
#include<vector>
#include<array>
#include<string>

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    struct Pizza {
        string Company;
        double diameter;
        double weight;
    };
    Pizza *Midomna=new Pizza;
    cout << "please enter the name of a pizza company: ";
    getline(cin, Midomna->Company);
    cout << "please enter the diameter of the pizza pie: ";
    cin >> (*Midomna).diameter;
    cout << "please enter the weight of the pizza pie: ";
    cin >> Midomna->weight;

    cout << "Pizza's company: " << Midomna->Company << "\nDiameter: " << Midomna->diameter << "\nWeight: " << Midomna->weight;
    delete Midomna;

    return 0;
}

9．

完成编程练习6，但使用new来动态分配数组，而不是声明一个 包含3个元素的CandyBar数组。

#include<string>

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    struct CandyBar {
        string brand;
        float weight;
        int Calories;
    };
    CandyBar* snack = new CandyBar[3];
    //CandyBar snack[3] = { {"Mocha Munch",2.3,350},{"xufuji",2.1,300},{"LinShihenMang",4.3,400} };
    snack[0] = {"Mocha Munch",2.3,350};
    snack[1] = { "xufuji",2.1,300 };
    snack[3] = { "LinShihenMang",4.3,400 };

    cout << "Candy1\n";
    cout << "Brank: " << snack[0].brand << "\nWeight: " << snack[0].weight << "\nCalories: " << snack[0].Calories;
    cout << "Candy2\n";
    cout << "Brank: " << snack[1].brand << "\nWeight: " << snack[1].weight << "\nCalories: " << snack[1].Calories;
    cout << "Candy3\n";
    cout << "Brank: " << snack[2].brand << "\nWeight: " << snack[2].weight << "\nCalories: " << snack[2].Calories;

    delete[]snack;

    return 0;
}

10．

编写一个程序，让用户输入三次40码跑的成绩（如果您愿意， 也可让用户输入40米跑的成绩），并显示次数和平均成绩。请使用一个 array对象来存储数据（如果编译器不支持array类，请使用数组）。

#include<array>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    array <double, 3> race;
    
    cout << "please enter the result of first 40-meter run: ";
    cin >> race[0];
    cout << "please enter the result of second 40-meter run: ";
    cin >> race[1];
    cout << "please enter the result of third 40-meter run: ";
    cin >> race[2];

    cout << "The first fourty-meter result: " << race[0];
    cout << "\nThe second fourty-meter result: " << race[1];
    cout << "\nThe third fourty-meter result: " << race[2];
    cout << "\naverage grade: " << (race[0] + race[1] + race[2]) / 3;

    return 0;
}