复习题
不熟悉的知识点:
枚举型变量:
用enum定义一个名为Response的类型,它包含Yes,No和Maybe等枚举量,其中Yes的值为1,No的值为0,Maybe的值为2。
定义枚举量时,其元素会从0开始赋值,用户也可以手动指定每一个元素的值,例如:
enum Response{No,Yes,Maybe};
或者:
enum Response {No = 0,Yes = 1,Maybe = 2};
指针与动态分配混合使用的练习:
Unsigned int size;
Cout<<”Enter a number:”;
Cin>>size;
Int *arr = new int[size];
Struct fish{
char kind[20];
Int weight;
Float length;
};
Fish *pf = new fish;
Cout<<”Enter the kind of fish:”;
Cin>>pf->kind;
编程练习
- 编写一个C++程序,如下述输出示例所示那样请求并显示信息:
略
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
char first[20], last[20];
char grade;
int age;
cout << "What is your first name?" << endl;
cin.getline(first, 20);
cout << "What is your last name?" << endl;
cin.getline(last, 20);
cout << "What letter grade do you deserve?" << endl;
cin >> grade;
cout << "What is your age?" << endl;
cin >> age;
cout << "Name:" << last << "," << first << endl;
cout << "Grade:" << grade<<endl;
cout << "Age:" << age;
return 0;
}
- 修改程序清单4.4,使用C++string类而不是char数组
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
const int ArSize = 20;
string name;
string dessert;
cout << "Enter your name:\n";
getline(cin, name);
cout << "Enter your favorite dessert:\n";
getline(cin,dessert);
cout << "I have some delicious " << dessert;
cout << " for you, " << name << ".\n";
return 0;
}
- 编写一个程序,它要求用户首先输入其名,再输入其姓;然后程序使用一个逗号和空格将姓和名组合起来,并存储和显示组合结果。请使用string对象和头文件string中的函数。下面是程序运行的情形:
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
int main() {
char first[10];
char last[10];
char name[20];
cout << "Enter your first name:" << endl;
cin.getline(first, 10);
cout << "Enter your last name:" << endl;
cin.getline(last, 10);
strcpy_s(name, last);
strcat_s(name, ",");
strcat_s(name, first);
cout << "Here's the information in a single string:" << name;
return 0;
}
注:strcat strcpy在vs中编译出错,有 严重性 代码 说明 项目 文件 行 禁止显示状态 错误 C4996 'strcpy': This function
因而改成strcat_s strcpy_s
- 编写一个程序,它要求用户首先输入其名,再输入其姓;然后程序使用一个逗号和空格将姓和名组合起来,并存储和显示组合结果。请使用string对象和头文件string中的函数。下面是该程序运行时的情形:
略
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string first;
string last;
string name;
cout << "Enter your first name:" << endl;
getline(cin, first);
cout << "Enter your last name:" << endl;
getline(cin, last);
name = last + "," + first;
cout << "Here's the information in a single string:" << name;
return 0;
}
- 结构CandyBar包含3个成员。第一个成员存储了糖块的品牌;第二个成员存储糖块的重量(可有小数);第三个成员存储了糖块的卡路里含量(整数)。请编写一个程序,声明这个结构,创建一个名为snack的CandyBar变量,并将其成员分别初始化为“Mocha Munch”,2.3和350。初始化应在声明snack时进行。最后,程序显示snack变量的内容。
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
struct CandyBar
{
string name;
float weight;
int calorie;
};
CandyBar snack = { "Mocha Munch",2.3,350 };
cout << "name :" << snack.name << endl;
cout << "weight :" << snack.weight << endl;
cout << "calorie :" << snack.calorie << endl;
return 0;
}
- 结构CandyBar包含三个成员,如编程练习5所示。请编写一个程序,创建一个包含3个元素的CandyBar数组,并将它们初始化为所选择的值,然后显示每个结构的内容。
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
struct CandyBar
{
string name;
float weight;
int calorie;
};
CandyBar snack[3] = { { "Mocha Munch",2.3,350 },{"asdjg",3.9,500},{"askjhd",4.9,600} };
cout << "name :" << snack[0].name << endl;
cout << "weight :" << snack[0].weight << endl;
cout << "calorie :" << snack[0].calorie << endl;
cout << "name :" << snack[1].name << endl;
cout << "weight :" << snack[1].weight << endl;
cout << "calorie :" << snack[1].calorie << endl;
cout << "name :" << snack[2].name << endl;
cout << "weight :" << snack[2].weight << endl;
cout << "calorie :" << snack[2].calorie << endl;
return 0;
}
8.William Wingate从事比萨饼分析服务。对于每个披萨饼,它都需要记录下列信息:
披萨饼公司的名称,可以有多个单词组成。
披萨饼的直径。
披萨饼的重量。
请设计一个能够存储这些信息的结构,并编写一个使用这种结构变量的程序。程序将请求用户输入上述信息,然后显示这些信息。请使用cin(或它的方法)和cout。
用动态存储分配内存。
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
struct Pizza
{
string corporation;
float diameter;
float weight;
};
Pizza *pizza = new Pizza;
cout << "Enter the corporation" << endl;
getline(cin, pizza->corporation);
cout << "Enter the diameter" << endl;
cin >> pizza->diameter;
cout << "Enter the weight" << endl;
cin >> pizza->weight;
cout << "corporation :" << pizza->corporation << endl;
cout << "diameter :" << pizza->diameter << endl;
cout << "weight :" << pizza->weight << endl;
delete pizza;
return 0;
}
9.完成编程练习6,但使用new来动态分配数组,而不是声明一个包含3个元素的CandyBar数组。
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
struct CandyBar
{
string name;
float weight;
int calorie;
};
CandyBar *snack =new CandyBar ;
cout << "Enter name" << endl;
getline(cin, snack->name);
cout << "Enter weight" << endl;
cin >> snack->weight;
cout << "Enter calorie" << endl;
cin >> snack->calorie;
cout << "name :" << snack->name << endl;
cout << "weight :" << snack->weight << endl;
cout << "calorie :" << snack->calorie;
delete snack;
return 0;
}
10.编写一个程序,让用户输入三次40码跑的成绩(如果您愿意,也可让用户输入40米跑的成绩),并显示次数和平均成绩。请使用一个array对象来存储数据(如果编译器不支持array类,请使用数组)。
#include<iostream>
#include<array>
using namespace std;
int main() {
array<float, 3> score;
float average;
cout << "Enter the first" << endl;
cin >> score[0];
cout << "Enter the second" << endl;
cin >> score[1];
cout << "Enter the third" << endl;
cin >> score[2];
cout << "first:" << score[0] << endl;
cout << "second:" << score[1] << endl;
cout << "third:" << score[2] << endl;
cout << "average:" << (score[0] + score[1] + score[2]) / 3;
return 0;
}