python中的if语句

简单使用if语句，直接给的布尔值

furry=True
large=True
if furry:
    if large:
        print("It's a yeti.")
    else:
        print("It's a cat!")
else:
    if large:
        print("It's a whale!")
    else:
        print("It's a human. Or a hairless cat.")

输出

It's a yeti.

简单的分支情况

color="mauve"
if color=="red":
    print("It's a tomato")
elif color=="green":
    print("It's a green pepper")
elif color=="bee purple":
    print("I don't know what it is, but only bees can see it")
else:
    print("I've never heard of the color",color)

输出

I've never heard of the color mauve

空值的布尔值为False

some_list=[]
if some_list:
    print("There's something in here")
else:
    print("Hey, it's empty!")

输出

Hey, it's empty!

多重比较，复杂形式

letter='0'
if letter=='a' or letter=='e' or letter=='i'\
    or letter=='u' or letter=='o':
    print(letter,"is vowel")
else:
    print(letter,"is not a vowel")

输出

0 is not a vowel

多重比较，使用in语句

vowels='aeiou'
letter='o'
if letter in vowels:
    print(letter,"is a vowel")

输出

o is a vowel

表达式的判断

tweet_limit=280
tweet_string="Blah"*50
diff=tweet_limit-len(tweet_string)
if diff>=0:
    print("A fitting tweet")
else:
    print("Went over by",abs(diff))

输出

A fitting tweet

表达式的判断，用：=

tweet_limit=280
tweet_string="Blah"*50
if (diff:=tweet_limit-len(tweet_string))>=0:
    print("A fitting tweet")
else:
    print("Went over by",abs(diff))

输出

A fitting tweet

1.首先在1和10之间选一个数，将其赋给变量secret。然后在1和10之间再选一个数，将其赋给变量guess。接下来，编写条件测试（if、else和elif）。如果guess小于secret，就打印字符串‘too low’；如果guess大于secret，就打印字符串‘too high’；如果guess等于secret，就打印字符串‘just right’。
代码如下

secret=1
guess=9
if guess<secret:
    print("too low")
elif guess>secret:
    print("too high")
else:
    pfint("just right")

2.将True和False分别赋值给small和green。编写一些if/else语句，打印出哪些匹配下列选择：cherry、pea、watermelon、pumpkin。

small=False
green=True
if green:
    if small:
        print("pea")
    else:
        print("watermelon")
elif small:
    print("cherry")
else:
    print("pumpkin")