2020-12-23

1、 查询数据库所有表结构
通过该脚本可以快速查找表字段，或者生成数据库设计文档、进行数据库对比。

SELECT obj.name 表名,
col.colorder AS 序号 ,
col.name AS 列名 ,
ISNULL(ep.[value], ‘’) AS 列说明 ,
t.name AS 数据类型 ,
CASE WHEN col.isnullable = 1 THEN ‘1’
ELSE ‘’
END AS 允许空 ,
ISNULL(comm.text, ‘’) AS 默认值,
Coalesce(epTwo.value, ‘’) AS documentation
FROM dbo.syscolumns col
LEFT JOIN dbo.systypes t ON col.xtype = t.xusertype
inner JOIN dbo.sysobjects obj ON col.id = obj.id
AND obj.xtype = ‘U’
AND obj.status >= 0
LEFT JOIN dbo.syscomments comm ON col.cdefault = comm.id
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties ep ON col.id = ep.major_id
AND col.colid = ep.minor_id
AND ep.name = ‘MS_Description’
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties epTwo ON obj.id = epTwo.major_id
AND epTwo.minor_id = 0
AND epTwo.name = ‘MS_Description’
WHERE obj.name in(
SELECT
ob.name
FROM sys.objects AS ob
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.extended_properties AS ep
ON ep.major_id = ob.object_id
AND ep.class = 1
AND ep.minor_id = 0
WHERE ObjectProperty(ob.object_id, ‘IsUserTable’) = 1
)
ORDER BY obj.name ;
2、SQLServer 查询数据库各个数据表、索引文件占用的存储空间
可以快速查询数据库中表、索引占用的存储空间，找到哪些表占用了大量的存储空间，便于进行数据库优化。

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[sys_viewTableSpace]
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
CREATE TABLE [dbo].#tableinfo(
表名 varchar COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
记录数 [int] NULL,
预留空间 varchar COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
使用空间 varchar COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
索引占用空间 varchar COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
未用空间 varchar COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL
)

insert into #tableinfo(表名, 记录数, 预留空间, 使用空间, 索引占用空间, 未用空间)
exec sp_MSforeachtable “exec sp_spaceused ‘?’”

select * from #tableinfo
order by 记录数 desc
drop table #tableinfo
END
– 执行方法
exec sys_viewtablespace
3、清理数据库日志文件
数据库日志文件一般都会非常大，甚至占用超过几百G甚至上T，如果不需要进行一直保留数据库日志文件，可以建一个数据库作业，定时清理数据库日志文件，具体可以采用下面的脚本。

USE master

ALTER DATABASE DB SET RECOVERY SIMPLE WITH NO_WAIT

ALTER DATABASE DB SET RECOVERY SIMPLE --调整为简单模式

USE DB

DBCC SHRINKFILE (N’DB_log’ , 2, TRUNCATEONLY) --设置压缩后的日志大小为2M，可以自行指定

USE master

ALTER DATABASE DB SET RECOVERY FULL WITH NO_WAIT

ALTER DATABASE DB SET RECOVERY FULL --还原为完全模式
4、SQLServer查看锁表和解锁
工作中遇到查询的时候一直查询不出来结果，可以执行该脚本判断是否锁表，然后解锁就可以正常查询数据了。

– 查询被锁表
select request_session_id spid,OBJECT_NAME(resource_associated_entity_id) tableName
from sys.dm_tran_locks where resource_type=‘OBJECT’;
–参数说明 spid 锁表进程 ；tableName 被锁表名
– 解锁语句 需要拿到spid然后杀掉缩表进程
declare @spid int
Set @spid = 57 --锁表进程
declare @sql varchar(1000)
set @sql='kill '+cast(@spid as varchar)
exec(@sql)
5、SQLServer生成日期维度表

该脚本可以生成一个日期维度的数据表，通过该数据表可以解决很多报表查询问题。非常实用。

–1、创建数据表 T_Date
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[T_Date](
[the_date] [int] NOT NULL,
[date_name] nvarchar NULL,
[the_year] [int] NULL,
[year_name] nvarchar NULL,
[the_quarter] [int] NULL,
[quarter_name] nvarchar NULL,
[the_month] [int] NULL,
[month_name] nvarchar NULL,
[the_week] [int] NULL,
[week_name] nvarchar NULL,
[week_day] [int] NULL,
[week_day_name] nvarchar NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_T_Date] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[the_date] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
– 2、创建生成日期的存储过程
GO
/****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[SP_CREATE_TIME_DIMENSION] *****/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[SP_CREATE_TIME_DIMENSION]
@begin_date nvarchar(50)=‘2015-01-01’ ,
@end_date nvarchar(50)=‘2030-12-31’
as
/
SP_CREATE_TIME_DIMENSION: 生成时间维数据
begin_date: 开始时间
end_date:结束时间
*/
declare
@dDate date=convert(date,@begin_date),
@v_the_date varchar(10),
@v_the_year varchar(4),
@v_the_quarter varchar(2),
@v_the_month varchar(10),
@v_the_month2 varchar(2),
@v_the_week varchar(2),
@v_the_day varchar(10),
@v_the_day2 varchar(2),
@v_week_day nvarchar(10),
@adddays int=1;
WHILE (@dDate<=convert(date,@end_date))
begin
set @v_the_date=convert(char(10),@dDate,112);–key值格式为yyyyMMdd
set @v_the_year=DATEPART(“YYYY”,@dDate);–年份
set @v_the_quarter=DATEPART(“QQ”,@dDate);–季度
set @v_the_month=DATEPART(“MM”,@dDate);–月份(字符型)
set @v_the_day=DATEPART(“dd”,@dDate);–日(字符型)
set @v_the_week=DATEPART(“WW”,@dDate);–年的第几周
set @v_week_day=DATEPART(“DW”,@dDate); --星期几
– 插入数据
insert into T_Date(the_date,date_name,the_year,year_name,the_quarter,quarter_name,the_month,month_name,the_week,week_name,week_day,week_day_name)
values(
@v_the_date,
convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_year)+‘年’+convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_month)+‘月’+convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_day)+‘日’,
@v_the_year,
convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_year)+‘年’,
@v_the_quarter,
convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_year)+‘年’+convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_quarter)+‘季度’,
case when @v_the_month>=10 then
convert(int,(convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_year)+convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_month)))
else convert(int,convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_year)+‘0’+convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_month)) end,
convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_year)+‘年’+convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_month)+‘月’,
@v_the_week
,‘第’+convert(nvarchar(10),@v_the_week)+‘周’,
@v_week_day,
case @v_week_day-1
when 1 then ‘星期一’
when 2 then ‘星期二’
when 3 then ‘星期三’
when 4 then ‘星期四’
when 5 then ‘星期五’
when 6 then ‘星期六’
when 0 then ‘星期日’
else ‘’ end
);
set @dDate=dateadd(day,@adddays,@dDate);
continue
if @dDate=dateadd(day,-1,convert(date,@end_date))
break
end
– 3、执行存储过程生成数据
GO
DECLARE @return_value int
EXEC @return_value = [dbo].[SP_CREATE_TIME_DIMENSION]
SELECT ‘Return Value’ = @return_value
GO