go 语言中的协程和线程的结构体

 协程结构体

type g struct {
	// Stack parameters.
	// stack describes the actual stack memory: [stack.lo, stack.hi).
	// stackguard0 is the stack pointer compared in the Go stack growth prologue.
	// It is stack.lo+StackGuard normally, but can be StackPreempt to trigger a preemption.
	// stackguard1 is the stack pointer compared in the C stack growth prologue.
	// It is stack.lo+StackGuard on g0 and gsignal stacks.
	// It is ~0 on other goroutine stacks, to trigger a call to morestackc (and crash).
	stack       stack   // offset known to runtime/cgo
	stackguard0 uintptr // offset known to liblink
	stackguard1 uintptr // offset known to liblink

	_panic    *_panic // innermost panic - offset known to liblink
	_defer    *_defer // innermost defer
	m         *m      // current m; offset known to arm liblink
	sched     gobuf
	syscallsp uintptr // if status==Gsyscall, syscallsp = sched.sp to use during gc
	syscallpc uintptr // if status==Gsyscall, syscallpc = sched.pc to use during gc
	stktopsp  uintptr // expected sp at top of stack, to check in traceback
	// param is a generic pointer parameter field used to pass
	// values in particular contexts where other storage for the
	// parameter would be difficult to find. It is currently used
	// in three ways:
	// 1. When a channel operation wakes up a blocked goroutine, it sets param to
	//    point to the sudog of the completed blocking operation.
	// 2. By gcAssistAlloc1 to signal back to its caller that the goroutine completed
	//    the GC cycle. It is unsafe to do so in any other way, because the goroutine's
	//    stack may have moved in the meantime.
	// 3. By debugCallWrap to pass parameters to a new goroutine because allocating a
	//    closure in the runtime is forbidden.
	param        unsafe.Pointer
	atomicstatus atomic.Uint32
	stackLock    uint32 // sigprof/scang lock; TODO: fold in to atomicstatus
	goid         uint64
	schedlink    guintptr
	waitsince    int64      // approx time when the g become blocked
	waitreason   waitReason // if status==Gwaiting

	preempt       bool // preemption signal, duplicates stackguard0 = stackpreempt
	preemptStop   bool // transition to _Gpreempted on preemption; otherwise, just deschedule
	preemptShrink bool // shrink stack at synchronous safe point

	// asyncSafePoint is set if g is stopped at an asynchronous
	// safe point. This means there are frames on the stack
	// without precise pointer information.
	asyncSafePoint bool

	paniconfault bool // panic (instead of crash) on unexpected fault address
	gcscandone   bool // g has scanned stack; protected by _Gscan bit in status
	throwsplit   bool // must not split stack
	// activeStackChans indicates that there are unlocked channels
	// pointing into this goroutine's stack. If true, stack
	// copying needs to acquire channel locks to protect these
	// areas of the stack.
	activeStackChans bool
	// parkingOnChan indicates that the goroutine is about to
	// park on a chansend or chanrecv. Used to signal an unsafe point
	// for stack shrinking.
	parkingOnChan atomic.Bool

	raceignore     int8     // ignore race detection events
	sysblocktraced bool     // StartTrace has emitted EvGoInSyscall about this goroutine
	tracking       bool     // whether we're tracking this G for sched latency statistics
	trackingSeq    uint8    // used to decide whether to track this G
	trackingStamp  int64    // timestamp of when the G last started being tracked
	runnableTime   int64    // the amount of time spent runnable, cleared when running, only used when tracking
	sysexitticks   int64    // cputicks when syscall has returned (for tracing)
	traceseq       uint64   // trace event sequencer
	tracelastp     puintptr // last P emitted an event for this goroutine
	lockedm        muintptr
	sig            uint32
	writebuf       []byte
	sigcode0       uintptr
	sigcode1       uintptr
	sigpc          uintptr
	gopc           uintptr         // pc of go statement that created this goroutine
	ancestors      *[]ancestorInfo // ancestor information goroutine(s) that created this goroutine (only used if debug.tracebackancestors)
	startpc        uintptr         // pc of goroutine function
	racectx        uintptr
	waiting        *sudog         // sudog structures this g is waiting on (that have a valid elem ptr); in lock order
	cgoCtxt        []uintptr      // cgo traceback context
	labels         unsafe.Pointer // profiler labels
	timer          *timer         // cached timer for time.Sleep
	selectDone     atomic.Uint32  // are we participating in a select and did someone win the race?

	// goroutineProfiled indicates the status of this goroutine's stack for the
	// current in-progress goroutine profile
	goroutineProfiled goroutineProfileStateHolder

	// Per-G GC state

	// gcAssistBytes is this G's GC assist credit in terms of
	// bytes allocated. If this is positive, then the G has credit
	// to allocate gcAssistBytes bytes without assisting. If this
	// is negative, then the G must correct this by performing
	// scan work. We track this in bytes to make it fast to update
	// and check for debt in the malloc hot path. The assist ratio
	// determines how this corresponds to scan work debt.
	gcAssistBytes int64
}

go 语言中协程的底层就是g结构体,在goland中可以通过双击shift,在type中找到.

1. stack 字段是一个结构体,底层是两个指向栈起始和中止地址的指针(堆栈地址)
2. sched 字段底层也是一个结构体,其中有指向栈帧的指针和程序位置的指针
3. atomicstatus 表示协程状态

 描述操作系统线程的结构体m

type m struct {
	g0      *g     // goroutine with scheduling stack
	morebuf gobuf  // gobuf arg to morestack
	divmod  uint32 // div/mod denominator for arm - known to liblink
	_       uint32 // align next field to 8 bytes

	// Fields not known to debuggers.
	procid        uint64            // for debuggers, but offset not hard-coded
	gsignal       *g                // signal-handling g
	goSigStack    gsignalStack      // Go-allocated signal handling stack
	sigmask       sigset            // storage for saved signal mask
	tls           [tlsSlots]uintptr // thread-local storage (for x86 extern register)
	mstartfn      func()
	curg          *g       // current running goroutine
	caughtsig     guintptr // goroutine running during fatal signal
	p             puintptr // attached p for executing go code (nil if not executing go code)
	nextp         puintptr
	oldp          puintptr // the p that was attached before executing a syscall
	id            int64
	mallocing     int32
	throwing      throwType
	preemptoff    string // if != "", keep curg running on this m
	locks         int32
	dying         int32
	profilehz     int32
	spinning      bool // m is out of work and is actively looking for work
	blocked       bool // m is blocked on a note
	newSigstack   bool // minit on C thread called sigaltstack
	printlock     int8
	incgo         bool          // m is executing a cgo call
	isextra       bool          // m is an extra m
	freeWait      atomic.Uint32 // Whether it is safe to free g0 and delete m (one of freeMRef, freeMStack, freeMWait)
	fastrand      uint64
	needextram    bool
	traceback     uint8
	ncgocall      uint64        // number of cgo calls in total
	ncgo          int32         // number of cgo calls currently in progress
	cgoCallersUse atomic.Uint32 // if non-zero, cgoCallers in use temporarily
	cgoCallers    *cgoCallers   // cgo traceback if crashing in cgo call
	park          note
	alllink       *m // on allm
	schedlink     muintptr
	lockedg       guintptr
	createstack   [32]uintptr // stack that created this thread.
	lockedExt     uint32      // tracking for external LockOSThread
	lockedInt     uint32      // tracking for internal lockOSThread
	nextwaitm     muintptr    // next m waiting for lock
	waitunlockf   func(*g, unsafe.Pointer) bool
	waitlock      unsafe.Pointer
	waittraceev   byte
	waittraceskip int
	startingtrace bool
	syscalltick   uint32
	freelink      *m // on sched.freem

	// these are here because they are too large to be on the stack
	// of low-level NOSPLIT functions.
	libcall   libcall
	libcallpc uintptr // for cpu profiler
	libcallsp uintptr
	libcallg  guintptr
	syscall   libcall // stores syscall parameters on windows

	vdsoSP uintptr // SP for traceback while in VDSO call (0 if not in call)
	vdsoPC uintptr // PC for traceback while in VDSO call

	// preemptGen counts the number of completed preemption
	// signals. This is used to detect when a preemption is
	// requested, but fails.
	preemptGen atomic.Uint32

	// Whether this is a pending preemption signal on this M.
	signalPending atomic.Uint32

	dlogPerM

	mOS

	// Up to 10 locks held by this m, maintained by the lock ranking code.
	locksHeldLen int
	locksHeld    [10]heldLockInfo
}

1. g0 go语言中的第一个协程,启动其他协程的协程,此处用于操作调度器
2. curg 指向现在正在运行的协程
3. mOS 匿名字段,记录操作系统线程的信息