外星人入侵小游戏十二章十三章实现

alien_invasion:

import pygame
import sys
from time import sleep
from settings import Settings
from game_stats import GameStats
from ship import Ship
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien

class AlienInvasion:#管理游戏资源和行为的类

    def __init__(self):
        pygame.init()   #初始化游戏并创建游戏资源
        self.settings = Settings()

        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0,0),pygame.FULLSCREEN)
        self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().width
        self.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().height

        #self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((self.settings.screen_width,self.settings.screen_height))#利用settings类进行设置游戏窗口
        pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")    #set_caption设置窗口的标题

        self.stats = GameStats(self)
        self.ship = Ship(self)
        self.bullet = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.alien = pygame.sprite.Group()

        self._create_fleet()

    def run_game(self):
        while True:     #控制游戏的循环
            self._check_events()
            if self.stats.game_active:
                self.ship.update()
                self._update_bullets()
                self._update_aliens()
                
            self._update_screen()



    def _update_aliens(self):
        self._check_fleet_edges()
        self.alien.update()
        if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship,self.alien):
            self._ship_hit()
        self._check_aliens_bottom()

    def _ship_hit(self):
        if self.stats.ship_left > 0:
            self.stats.ship_left -= 1

            self.alien.empty()
            self.bullet.empty()

            self._create_fleet()
            self.ship.center_ship()
            sleep(0.5)
        else:
            self.stats.game_active = False

    def _create_fleet(self):
        alien = Alien(self)
        alien_width,alien_height = alien.rect.size
        available_space_x = self.settings.screen_width - (2 * alien_width)
        number_aliens_x = available_space_x // (2 * alien_width)

        ship_height = self.ship.rect.height
        available_space_y = (self.settings.screen_height - (3 * alien_height) - ship_height)
        number_rows = available_space_y // (2 * alien_height)

        for row_number in range(number_rows):
            for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
                self._create_alien(alien_number,row_number)

    def _create_alien(self,alien_number,row_number):
        alien = Alien(self)
        alien_width,alien_height = alien.rect.size
        alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
        alien.rect.x = alien.x
        alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
        self.alien.add(alien)

    def _check_fleet_edges(self):
        for alien in self.alien.sprites():
            if alien.check_edges():
                self._change_fleet_direction()
                break

    def _change_fleet_direction(self):
        for alien in self.alien.sprites():
            alien.rect.y += self.settings.fleet_drop_speed
        self.settings.fleet_direction *= -1

    def _check_events(self):
        for event in pygame.event.get():  # 监视键盘和鼠标事件
             if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                 sys.exit()
             elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                self._check_keydown_events(event)
             elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                 self._check_keyup_events(event)


    def _check_aliens_bottom(self):
        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        for alien in self.alien.sprites():
            if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
                self._ship_hit()
                break
    def _check_keydown_events(self,event):
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            self.ship.moving_right = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.ship.moving_left = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_q:   #游戏中按Q退出
            sys.exit()
        elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
            self._fire_bullet()
    def _check_keyup_events(self,event):
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            self.ship.moving_right = False
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.ship.moving_left = False

    def _fire_bullet(self):
        if len(self.bullet) < self.settings.bullet_allowed:
            new_bullet = Bullet(self)
            self.bullet.add(new_bullet)

    def _update_bullets(self):
        self.bullet.update()
        for bullet in self.bullet.copy():
            if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
                self.bullet.remove(bullet)
        self._check_bullet_alien_collisions()


    def _check_bullet_alien_collisions(self):
        collections = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.bullet,self.alien,True,True)
        if not self.alien:
            self.bullet.empty()
            self._create_fleet()

    def _update_screen(self):
        self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)  # 每次循环时都重绘屏幕
        self.ship.blitme()
        for bullet in self.bullet.sprites():
            bullet.draw_bullet()
        self.alien.draw(self.screen)


        pygame.display.flip()   #更新surface对象




if __name__ == '__main__':
    ai = AlienInvasion()
    ai.run_game()

game_stats:

class GameStats:
    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        self.reset_stats()
        self.game_active = True

    def reset_stats(self):
        self.ship_left = self.settings.ship_limit

alien:

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Alien(Sprite):

    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.settings = ai_game.settings

        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

        self.rect.x = self.rect.width
        self.rect.y = self.rect.height

        self.x = float(self.rect.x)

    def check_edges(self):
        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right or self.rect.left <= 0:
            return True

    def update(self):
        self.x += (self.settings.alien_speed * self.settings.fleet_direction)
        self.rect.x = self.x

settings:

class Settings:

    def __init__(self):
        self.screen_width = 1200    #游戏屏幕的设置
        self.screen_height = 700
        self.bg_color = (230,230,230)

        self.ship_speed = 1.5
        self.ship_limit = 3

        self.bullet_speed = 1.5    #子弹的设置
        self.bullet_width = 3
        self.bullet_height = 15
        self.bullet_color = (60,60,60)
        self.bullet_allowed = 3

        self.alien_speed = 1.0  #设置外星人的移动
        self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
        self.fleet_direction = 1    #direction为1表示右移，-1表示左移

bullet:

import pygame

from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Bullet(Sprite):

    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        self.color = self.settings.bullet_color

        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.settings.bullet_width,self.settings.bullet_height)
        self.rect.midtop = ai_game.ship.rect.midtop

        self.y = float(self.rect.y)

    def update(self):
        self.y -= self.settings.bullet_speed
        self.rect.y = self.y

    def draw_bullet(self):
        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

ship:

import pygame

class Ship:

    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()#初始化飞船，并设置其初始位置

        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()#加载飞船图案，并获取其外接矩形

        self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom#每艘新的飞船都放在屏幕底部的中间

        self.centerx = float(self.rect.centerx)

        self.moving_right = False#移动标志
        self.moving_left = False


    def update(self):#根据移动标志调整飞船位置
        if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
            self.centerx += self.settings.ship_speed
        if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
            self.centerx -= self.settings.ship_speed

        self.rect.centerx = self.centerx

    def blitme(self):
        self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)#在指定位置绘制飞船

    def center_ship(self):
        self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom
        self.centerx = float(self.rect.centerx)