小型家用风力发电系统的设计（毕业设计）

摘 要

随着环境问题和化石能源危机日益加剧，各国都在寻找新的可代替能源来解决能源危机和环境污染。风能和太阳能一样也是取之不尽的一种可再生能源，风力发电成为现在人们利用风能的一种主要形式，小型风力发电构成的家用分布式发电系统在未来更具有利用前景。因此对小型家用风力发电系统的研究有很多实用性和价值。

本文设计的家用风力发电系统选用单片机STC89C52为控制核心设计了系统电路，实现由蓄电池电能逆变为小型家用电器实用的24V50Hz的交流电。对风力发电原理及逆变的必要性做了重点介绍，分析了设计的电路各个模块工作原理，给出了系统的原理图和软件设计流程图。设计的家用发电系统经济成低、实用性强。

关键词：风力发电，单片机，蓄电池，逆变

Abstract

As environmental issues and fossil energy crises intensify, countries are looking for new alternative energy sources to address energy crises and environmental pollution. Wind energy is just as inexhaustible as renewable energy. Wind power has become a major form of wind energy utilization. The home distributed power generation system consisting of small wind power generation has more prospects in the future. Therefore, research on small household wind power generation systems has many practicalities and values.

The household wind power system designed in this paper selects the single-chip STC89C52 to design the system circuit for the control core, and realizes the 24V50Hz AC which is practically used by the battery power inverter for small household appliances. The principle of wind power generation and the necessity of inverter are introduced. The working principle of each module of the designed circuit is analyzed. The schematic diagram of the system and the flow chart of software design are given. The designed household power generation system is economically low and practical.

Key Words: Wind Power, Single Chip, Battery,Inverter

目  录

1  绪论...................................................................................................................... 1

1.1  课题研究背景........................................................................................ 1

1.2 课题的目的和意义.................................................................................. 1

1.3 国内外研究现状...................................................................................... 2

1.4  主要研究的内容.................................................................................... 2

2  风力发电系统设计要求及原理分析............................................................... 4

2.1  系统设计的目标.................................................................................... 4

2.2  风力发电原理........................................................................................ 4

2.3  风力发电系统结构及组成................................................................... 4

2.4  逆变电路设计原理................................................................................ 5

2.5  本章小结................................................................................................. 6

3  风力发电系统逆变器方案与硬件设计........................................................... 7

3.1  风力发电系统的总体方案设计........................................................... 7

3.2 逆变器的设计.......................................................................................... 7

3.3  逆变控制单片机选择............................................................................ 8

3.4  电源模块............................................................................................... 10

3.5  SPWM产生电路..................................................................................... 10

3.6  MOSFET驱动电路................................................................................. 11

3.7 本章小结................................................................................................. 11

4  逆变器仿真与调试分析.................................................................................. 12

4.1  仿真模型建立...................................................................................... 12

4.2 仿真结果分析........................................................................................ 13

4.3  系统实验测试分析.............................................................................. 14

4.5  本章小结............................................................................................... 16

5  总结与展望....................................................................................................... 17

致  谢...................................................................................................................... 18

参考文献................................................................................................................. 19