hibernate关联关系

葱姜麻麻

于 2021-10-18 21:41:23 发布

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文章标签： hibernate maven struts jar tomcat

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_52639224/article/details/120829229

版权

本文详细介绍了Hibernate中一对多关联配置的实现，包括在实体类和映射文件中的设置，以及懒加载的使用。通过示例展示了如何在Order和OrderItem，TreeNode和其子节点之间的关联配置，并探讨了多对多关联的情况，如Book和Category的中间表关联。此外，还提供了相关的DAO操作和测试用例，展示了如何在实际应用中处理这些关联关系。

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一、一对多的关联配置

数据库：主表从表，通过外键关联

类：

class A{

B b；

}

class B{

}

例：order 和 orderItem

order实体类

package com.sjy.entity;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class Order {
//	create table t_hibernate_order
//	(
//	  order_id int primary key auto_increment,
//	  order_no varchar(50) not null
//	);
	private Integer orderId;
	private String orderNo;
	
	//注意：变量属性一定用接口进行接受
	private Set<OrderItem> orderItems = new HashSet<>();
	
	private Integer initOrderItems = 0;//0代表懒加载，1代表强制加载
	
	
	public Integer getInitOrderItems() {
		return initOrderItems;
	}
	public void setInitOrderItems(Integer initOrderItems) {
		this.initOrderItems = initOrderItems;
	}
	public Set<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {
		return orderItems;
	}
	public void setOrderItems(Set<OrderItem> orderItems) {
		this.orderItems = orderItems;
	}
	public Integer getOrderId() {
		return orderId;
	}
	public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {
		this.orderId = orderId;
	}
	public String getOrderNo() {
		return orderNo;
	}
	public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
		this.orderNo = orderNo;
	}
	
}

对于一个订单来说，它包含多个订单项

所以order实体类中包含订单项集合的属性

而对于订单项表来说，它一定属于某个订单

package com.sjy.entity;

public class OrderItem {
//	create table t_hibernate_order_item
//	(
//	  order_item_id int primary key auto_increment,
//	  product_id int not null,
//	  quantity int not null,
//	  oid int not null,
//	  foreign key(oid) references t_hibernate_order(order_id)
//	);
	private Integer orderItemId;
	private Integer productId;
	private Integer quantity;
	private Integer oid;
	
	private Order order;
	public Order getOrder() {
		return order;
	}
	public void setOrder(Order order) {
		this.order = order;
	}
	public Integer getOrderItemId() {
		return orderItemId;
	}
	public void setOrderItemId(Integer orderItemId) {
		this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
	}
	public Integer getProductId() {
		return productId;
	}
	public void setProductId(Integer productId) {
		this.productId = productId;
	}
	public Integer getQuantity() {
		return quantity;
	}
	public void setQuantity(Integer quantity) {
		this.quantity = quantity;
	}
	public Integer getOid() {
		return oid;
	}
	public void setOid(Integer oid) {
		this.oid = oid;
	}
	
}

配置

order.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.sjy.entity.Order" table="t_hibernate_order">
	<id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id">
		<generator class="increment"></generator>
	</id>
	
	<property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no"/>
	
	<!-- 
		cascade:级联属性配置
		inverse：关联关系交给对方维护吗？
	 -->
	<set name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
		<key column="oid"></key>
		<one-to-many class="com.sjy.entity.OrderItem"/>
	</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

对于订单来说属于一对多使用标签one-to-many class为订单项的全限定名

name属性是属性名 key表示外键列

orderItem.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.sjy.entity.OrderItem" table="t_hibernate_order_item">
	<id name="orderItemId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_item_id">
		<generator class="increment"></generator>
	</id>
	
	<property name="productId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="product_id"/>
	<property name="quantity" type="java.lang.Integer" column="quantity"/>
	<property name="oid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="oid"/>
	
	<!-- Repeated column in mapping for entity: com.zking.four.entity.OrderItem column: oid (should be mapped with insert="false" update="false") -->
	<many-to-one name="order" class="com.sjy.entity.Order" insert="false" update="false" column="oid"></many-to-one>
	
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

与order.hbm.xml相反 many-to-one标签

二、懒加载

orderDao

public Order get(Order order) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
//		并且想要查询出关联的订单项的数据是，采用强制加载
		if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitOrderItems())) {
			Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
		}
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return o;
	}

orderDaoTest调用查询方法

	public void testGet() {
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setOrderId(7);
		Order o = this.orderDao.get(order);
		System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
	}

结果与数据库一致

如果想要拿到该订单的订单项，我们会这样写

public void testGet() {
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setOrderId(7);
		Order o = this.orderDao.get(order);
		System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
		System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
	}

结果会报这样的错

需要强制加载与该订单关联的订单项数据

@Test
	public void testGet() {
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setOrderId(7);
		order.setInitOrderItems(1);
		Order o = this.orderDao.get(order);
		System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
		System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
	}

运行结果为

结果可看出订单项加载出来了！

默认为懒加载的原因：

只需要订单表的数据时，也会将订单项表的数据查出来，此时用到的sql语句量是庞大的

所以默认为懒加载，需要订单项时将order实体类的initOrderItems字段改为1即可

三、一对多的自关联

一对多的自关联意思是：一条数据的id是子数据的父id，也就是图中的parent_node_id,也是父节点的id

需要同时获取该节点的子节点和父节点对于hibernate而已比较简单

1.entity

package com.sjy.entity;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class TreeNode {
	private Integer nodeId;
	private String nodeName;
	private Integer treeNodeType;
	private Integer position;
	private String url;
	private TreeNode parent;
	private Set<TreeNode> children = new HashSet<TreeNode>();
	private Integer initChildren = 0;

	public Integer getNodeId() {
		return nodeId;
	}

	public void setNodeId(Integer nodeId) {
		this.nodeId = nodeId;
	}

	public String getNodeName() {
		return nodeName;
	}

	public void setNodeName(String nodeName) {
		this.nodeName = nodeName;
	}

	public Integer getTreeNodeType() {
		return treeNodeType;
	}

	public void setTreeNodeType(Integer treeNodeType) {
		this.treeNodeType = treeNodeType;
	}

	public Integer getPosition() {
		return position;
	}

	public void setPosition(Integer position) {
		this.position = position;
	}

	public String getUrl() {
		return url;
	}

	public void setUrl(String url) {
		this.url = url;
	}

	public TreeNode getParent() {
		return parent;
	}

	public void setParent(TreeNode parent) {
		this.parent = parent;
	}

	public Set<TreeNode> getChildren() {
		return children;
	}

	public void setChildren(Set<TreeNode> children) {
		this.children = children;
	}

	public Integer getInitChildren() {
		return initChildren;
	}

	public void setInitChildren(Integer initChildren) {
		this.initChildren = initChildren;
	}

//	@Override
//	public String toString() {
//		return "TreeNode [nodeId=" + nodeId + ", nodeName=" + nodeName + ", treeNodeType=" + treeNodeType
//				+ ", position=" + position + ", url=" + url + ", children=" + children + "]";
//	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "TreeNode [nodeId=" + nodeId + ", nodeName=" + nodeName + ", treeNodeType=" + treeNodeType
				+ ", position=" + position + ", url=" + url + "]";
	}
	

}

2.对应映射关系（TreeNode.hbm.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.zking.two.entity.TreeNode" table="t_hibernate_sys_tree_node">
		<id name="nodeId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="tree_node_id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="nodeName" type="java.lang.String"
			column="tree_node_name">
		</property>
		<property name="treeNodeType" type="java.lang.Integer"
			column="tree_node_type">
		</property>
		<property name="position" type="java.lang.Integer"
			column="position">
		</property>
		<property name="url" type="java.lang.String"
			column="url">
		</property>
		
		<many-to-one name="parent" class="com.zking.two.entity.TreeNode" column="parent_node_id"/>
		
		<set name="children" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
			<key column="parent_node_id"></key>
			<one-to-many class="com.sjy.entity.TreeNode"/>
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

3.dao

public TreeNode load(TreeNode treeNode) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		TreeNode t = session.load(TreeNode.class, treeNode.getNodeId());
		if(t != null && new Integer(1).equals(treeNode.getInitChildren())) {
			Hibernate.initialize(t.getChildren());
			Hibernate.initialize(t.getParent());
		}
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return t;
	}

4.调用方法

public void testLoad() {
		TreeNode treeNode = new TreeNode();
		treeNode.setNodeId(6);
		treeNode.setInitChildren(1);
		
		TreeNode t = this.treeNodeDao.load(treeNode);
		System.out.println(t);
		System.out.println(t.getParent());
		System.out.println(t.getChildren());
	}

控制台

父节点和子节点都查询到了

四、多对多的关联

相当于是两个多对一，中间表里有两个表的外键，两个表分别与中间表都是一个一对多

1.book实体类

package com.sjy.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class Book implements Serializable{
//	book_id int primary key auto_increment,
//	   book_name varchar(50) not null,
//	   price float not null
	private Integer bookId;
	private String bookName;
	private Float price;
	
	private Set<Category> categories = new HashSet<Category>();
	private Integer initCategories = 0;

	public Integer getInitCategories() {
		return initCategories;
	}

	public void setInitCategories(Integer initCategories) {
		this.initCategories = initCategories;
	}

	public Integer getBookId() {
		return bookId;
	}

	public void setBookId(Integer bookId) {
		this.bookId = bookId;
	}

	public String getBookName() {
		return bookName;
	}

	public void setBookName(String bookName) {
		this.bookName = bookName;
	}

	public Float getPrice() {
		return price;
	}

	public void setPrice(Float price) {
		this.price = price;
	}

	public Set<Category> getCategories() {
		return categories;
	}

	public void setCategories(Set<Category> categories) {
		this.categories = categories;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Book [bookId=" + bookId + ", bookName=" + bookName + ", price=" + price + "]";
	}

	public Book(Integer bookId, String bookName) {
		super();
		this.bookId = bookId;
		this.bookName = bookName;
	}

	public Book() {
		super();
	}
	
	
}

category

package com.sjy.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class Category implements Serializable{
//	category_id int primary key auto_increment,
//	   category_name varchar(50) not null
	private Integer categoryId;
	private String categoryName;
	private Set<Book> books = new HashSet<Book>();
	public Integer getCategoryId() {
		return categoryId;
	}
	public void setCategoryId(Integer categoryId) {
		this.categoryId = categoryId;
	}
	public String getCategoryName() {
		return categoryName;
	}
	public void setCategoryName(String categoryName) {
		this.categoryName = categoryName;
	}
	public Set<Book> getBooks() {
		return books;
	}
	public void setBooks(Set<Book> books) {
		this.books = books;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Category [categoryId=" + categoryId + ", categoryName=" + categoryName + "]";
	}
	
}

2.配置

book.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.sjy.entity.Book" table="t_hibernate_book">
<!-- 		<cache usage="read-only" region="com.zking.five.entity.Book"/> -->
		<id name="bookId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="book_id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="bookName" type="java.lang.String"
			column="book_name">
		</property>
		<property name="price" type="java.lang.Float"
			column="price">
		</property>
		
		<set table="t_hibernate_book_category" name="categories" cascade="save-update" inverse="false">
			<!-- one -->
			<key column="bid"></key>
			<!-- many -->
			<many-to-many column="cid" class="com.sjy.entity.Category"></many-to-many>
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

category.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.sjy.entity.Category" table="t_hibernate_category">
		<id name="categoryId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="category_id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="categoryName" type="java.lang.String"
			column="category_name">
		</property>
		
		<set table="t_hibernate_book_category" name="books" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
			<key column="cid"></key>
			<many-to-many column="bid" class="com.sjy.entity.Book"></many-to-many>
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

inverse属性为反转，数据的维护

false表示中间表的数据由自己维护

true表示中间表的数据由对方维护

两表一定是一个为true一个为false

table：中间表

name：关联属性

key：当前表的主键在关联表的外键

3.bookDao

package com.sjy.dao;

import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import com.sjy.entity.Book;
import com.sjy.entity.Category;
import com.sjy.util.SessionFactoryUtil;




public class BookDao /*extends BaseDao*/{
	public Integer addBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer bid = (Integer) session.save(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return bid;
	}
	
	public Integer addCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer cid = (Integer) session.save(category);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return cid;
	}
	
	public Category getCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return c;
	}
	
	public Book getBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Book b = session.get(Book.class, book.getBookId());
		if (b != null && new Integer(1).equals(book.getInitCategories())) {
			Hibernate.initialize(b.getCategories());
		}
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return b;
	}
	
	public void delBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		session.delete(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	public void delCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		if(c!=null) {
			for (Book b : c.getBooks()) {
//				通过在被控方通过主控方来解除关联关系，最后被控方再做删除
				b.getCategories().remove(c);
			}
		}
		session.delete(c);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	
	/*
	 * hql讲解用到（需要继承BaseDao）
	 */
	/**
	 * 没有使用BaseDao之前的代码
	 * @param book
	 * @param pageBean
	 * @return
	 */
//	public List<Book> list(Book book, PageBean pageBean) {
//		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
//		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
//		String hql = "from Book where 1 = 1";
//
//		if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(book.getBookName())) {
//			hql += " and bookName like :bookName";
//		}
//
//		Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
//		
//		if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(book.getBookName())) {
//			query.setParameter("bookName", book.getBookName());
//		}
//
//		if (pageBean != null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
//			query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
//			query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
//		}
//		List<Book> list = query.list();
//		transaction.commit();
//		session.close();
//		return list;
//
//	}
	
	/**
	 * 使用BaseDao之后的代码
	 * @param book
	 * @param pageBean
	 * @return
	 */
//	public List<Book> list2(Book book, PageBean pageBean) {
//		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
//		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
//		String hql = "from Book where 1 = 1";
//		Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
//
//		if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(book.getBookName())) {
//			hql += " and bookName like :bookName";
//			map.put("bookName", book.getBookName());
//		}
//		List list = super.executeQuery(session, hql, map, pageBean);
//		transaction.commit();
//		session.close();
//		return list;
//	}
	
	/**
	 * 使用原生SQL
	 * @param book
	 * @param pageBean
	 * @return
	 */
//	public List list3(Book book, PageBean pageBean) {
		String sql = "select b.*,o.* from t_hibernate_book b,t_hibernate_Order o";
//		String sql = "select * from t_hibernate_book";
//		Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
//		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
//		List list = session.createSQLQuery(sql).list();
//		transaction.commit();
//		session.close();
//		return list;
//	}
}

4.test

package com.sjy.dao;

import org.junit.Test;

import com.sjy.entity.Book;
import com.sjy.entity.Category;


public class BookDaoTest {
	private BookDao bookDao = new BookDao();

	@Test
	public void testGetBook() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookId(8);
		book.setInitCategories(1);
		Book b = this.bookDao.getBook(book );
		System.out.println(b.getBookName());
		System.out.println(b.getCategories());
	}
	
	/**
	 * book.hbm.xml	inverse=fasle
	 * category.hbm.xml inverse=true
	 * 数据添加正常
	 * 书籍表、桥接表各新增一条数据
	 */
	@Test
	public void test1() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookName("bbbb");
		book.setPrice(10f);
		Category category = new Category();
		category.setCategoryId(5);
//		直接将category对象加入到新建的book中是错误的，因为此时的category是临时态的，hibernate是不会管理的
//		book.getCategories().add(category);
		Category c = this.bookDao.getCategory(category);
		
//		c.getBooks().add(book);
		book.getCategories().add(c);
		this.bookDao.addBook(book);
	}

	/**
	 * book.hbm.xml	inverse=true
	 * category.hbm.xml inverse=true
	 * 只增加书籍表数据
	 * 桥接表不加数据
	 * 原因：双方都没有去维护关系
	 */
	@Test
	public void test2() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookName("dddd");
		book.setPrice(10f);
		Category category = new Category();
		category.setCategoryId(5);
		Category c = this.bookDao.getCategory(category);
		
		book.getCategories().add(c);
		this.bookDao.addBook(book);
//		c.getBooks().add(book);
	}
	
	
}

5.控制台